Suchergebnisse

Maxwell reviews 'Iberia and Latin America: New Democracies, New Politics, New Models' by Howard J. Wiarda. A book review of Iberia and Latin America: New Democracies, New Politics, New Models by Howard J. Wiarda is presented.

Nicola Clarke, The Muslim Conquest of Iberia. Medieval Arabic Narratives , Londres – New York, Routledge, 2011, 243 p.

AbstractConsidering the limited opportunities and resources for creative education, artists David Bade and Tirzo Martha, along with art historian Nancy Hoffmann, developed a dynamic platform to support creative young talent on the Dutch Caribbean island of Curaçao. The aim of Instituto Buena Bista (IBB), founded in 2006, is to strengthen the arena of culture and the visual arts by offering young Curaçaoans a basic but thorough course in art education that is meant to function as a springboard to more advanced art schools. With only two years of operation, the IBB is already seeing how some of its students go to art academies abroad and participate in art contests in the Netherlands. An exploration of how the IBB is filling up a cultural void by proposing an alternative to local youth education that allows them to develop a buena bista—a new and different view of their island, their futures, and themselves.

List of Illustrations -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1. Introduction: Don Teudo Rico Defeats a Viking raid -- Chapter 2. From the Encircling Ocean -- Chapter 3. So the Story Goes -- Chapter 4. A Mediterranean Adventure -- Chapter 5. Waiting for the Barbarians -- Chapter 6. The Wars of Santiago and Cordoba against Vikings -- Chapter 7. Conclusion: from Charter to History to Saga -- Appendix 1: Glossary of Histories and Historians -- Appendix 2: Timeline -- Bibliography -- Index

The past few decades have witnessed great change in the study of the early Middle Ages in the Northern Iberian Peninsula. Spanish and Portuguese historiographies have moved away from older grand narratives such as 'Reconquest and Repopulation', which traced a centuries-long process encompassing the ultimate victory of Christianity over Islam and the construction of distinct nations or national societies. The basic tenets of these and other essentialist approaches to a period traditionally seen as the cradle of Spain and Portugal have been questioned and now superseded by a clearer awareness of the territorial diversity characterising the 8th to 11th centuries. Yet the ballast of both nationalism and regionalism has obstructed meaningful comparison amongst the Iberian regions to date. Drawing on the work of the research group EarlyMedIberia, this article argues for a new trans-regional approach to Northern Iberia, looking beyond political and geographical boundaries to consider the whole in a comparative light, and stressing the commonalities between regional and local societies. It does so by providing an overview of the extant charter material from before 1100 (indicating the principal editions) and by reviewing the major historiography. The conclusion proposes a closer assessment of the differences and similarities amongst regional historiographies, based on a more nuanced understanding of how they have been moulded by the specificities of the charter corpus in each region, as the first step towards a more integrated, contextualised, and rigorously comparative approach to the early Middle Ages in Northern Iberia.

Todavía continúan los debates sobre la revolución militar (RM) acaecida a comienzos de la Europa moderna. En un esfuerzo por determinar si la Iberia del siglo XVII merece permanecer en la periferia o ser incorporada a los territorios al centro de la RM, este artículo toma como caso de estudio la guerra Luso-castellana de 1640-68. En la aplicación de ciertos aspectos de la teoría de Roberts-Parker -estrategias y tácticas, y tamaño y composición de los ejércitos- a los hechos documentados de los bandos involucrados en la guerra más larga del siglo XVII ocurrida en Iberia, el artículo examina los recientes refinamientos de la teoría de la RM elaborados por David Parrott y John Lynn. ; Actualment encara continuen els debats sobre la revolució militar que va tenir lloc a principis de l'època moderna a Europa. En un esforç per determinar si la Ibèria del XVII mereix romandre a la perifèria o ser incorporada dins els territoris del centre d'aquesta revolució, aquest article pren com a cas d'estudi la guerra luso-castellana del 1640-68. En l'aplicació de certs aspectes de la teoria de Roberts-Parker -estratègies i tàctiques i magnitud i composició dels exèrcits-, als fets documentats dels bàndols involucrats en la guerra més llarga del segle XVII que ocorregué a Ibèria, l'article examina en profunditat les recents aportacions de la teoria de la revolució militar elaborats per David Parrot i John Lynn. ; The debate over la Revolución Militar (RM) in early modern Europe still continues. In an effort to determine if seventeenth-century Iberia deserves to remain on the periphery or be incorporated into the so-called «heartlands» of the RM, this article takes as a case study the Luso-castilian war of 1640-1668. In testing aspects of the Roberts-Parker theory -notably strategy and tactics, and army size and composition- against evidence from both parties to the longest war in seventeenth century Iberia, it examines some of the recent refinements of the MR theory elaborated by David Parrott and John Lynn.

The dimensions, the geographical position and the complex geological history of the Iberian Peninsula makes it a unique and singular target to study its crustal and upper mantle structure and geodynamical evolution using geophysical methods. The lithospheric structure beneath Iberia has been investigated since the 1970's using deep multichannel seismic reflection and refraction/wide-angle reflection profiling. Gravimetric and magnetic data were acquired following the deployment of permanent and temporary stations, mostly during the 1990's. Beginning in the late 1990's, the progressive use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) instruments contributed to monitor the present-day motions. During the last decades, numerous geological and geophysical surveys have investigated the Iberian lithosphere and upper mantle in the onshore and offshore regions, the most recent ones related to the TopoIberia project. The approach developed in this contribution is twofold. Firstly, we summarize the available geophysical information over Iberia, from focusing on the upper crust to the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary and the transition zone marking the bottom of the upper mantle. Results of GNSS data, potential fields, controlled source seismic profiles, magnetotelluric data, body and surface wave tomography, receiver functions and 2D and 3D lithospheric modeling are reviewed and compared. Secondly, we focus on the areas of greater geodynamic interest and the regions where inconsistencies within the geophysical results, or contradictions in their tectonic interpretation exist, identifying the major questions that are still under debate. Besides shedding light to the state of knowledge and pointing out present-day research challenges, this review provides a tool for the integration of the diverse geophysical datasets with the surface geology and geodynamical processes that are interpreted to have built the complex geology of the Iberian Peninsula. ; The authors acknowledge funding from the Generalitat de Catalunya, grant/awards number AGAUR 2017SGR1022, and AGAUR 2017SGR847, the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities grant numbers RTI2018-095594-B-I00, PGC2018-095154-B-100 and PGC2018-094227-B-I00 and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness grant numbers CGL2017-84901-C2 and PIE-CSIC-201830E039. IP is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities and University of Salamanca grant BEAGAL18/00090. AV acknowledges funding from the Spanish government through the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S). ; Peer reviewed