Suchergebnisse

THE COMMUNITY PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF IDENTITY AND CHARACTER, AND THE CHARACTERS THAT ARE MOLDED WILL DETERMINE THE FUTURE EXISTENCE OF THE COMMUNITY. TRADITIONALLY, RITES OF PASSAGE HAVE BEEN EMPLOYED TO INSURE THAT THE INDIVIDUAL WILL BECOME A LOYAL, RESPONSIBLE, AND PRODUCTIVE CITIZEN. HOWEVER, IN TODAY'S SECULAR DEMOCRACIES, WHERE VALUES IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS ARE RELATIVIZED, MANY INDIVIDUALS ARE RAISED WITHOUT AN EQUIVALENT PASSAGE INTO RESPONSIBLE ADULTHOOD. TODAY'S SOCIETIES MUST LEARN WAYS TO ACCOMPLISH THE FUNCTION THAT RITES OF PASSAGE IN PREVIOUS SOCIETIES HAVE SERVED.

SOCIETAL CLEAVAGES BASED ON CULTURAL, ETHNIC, OR TRIBAL DIVISIONS ARE, IT CAN BE ARGUED, QUALITATIVELY DIFFERENT FROM THOSE BASED ON OTHER FACTORS (E.G., ECONOMIC IDEOLOGY). IN THIS CONTEXT, "ETHNICITY" CAN BE CONCEPTUALIZED AS A SET OF ASCRIBED AND ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS WHICH DERIVE PRINCIPALLY FROM AN INDIVIDUAL'S BIRTH AND UPBRINGING. ETHNICITY IS COMPOSED PRIMARILY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ELEMENTS WHICH CAN NOT BE SHED OR SIGNIFICANTLY CHANGED, EVEN IF AN INDIVIDUAL WISHES TO DO SO, AS EASILY AS CAN PURELY ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS ECONOMIC IDEOLOGY (E.G., CAPITALISM, SOCIALISM, COMMUNISM). IN THOSE SOCIETIES WITH POLITICALLY RELEVANT ETHNIC DIVISIONS, THE SWITCHING OF POLITICAL IDENTITIES IS A VERY RARE OCCURRENCE. IN THIS ARTICLE, THE PRINCIPAL PSYCHOLOGICAL ELEMENTS RELATED TO THE POLITICAL CLEAVAGE BETWEEN NORTHERN IRISH PROTESTANTS AND CATHOLICS ARE BRIEFLY REVIEWED. SECOND, THE MAIN POLITICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THIS CLEAVAGE SINCE THE 1960S ARE SUMMARIZED, ESPECIALLY THE BEHAVIOR OF POLITICIANS AND VOTERS IN THE OCTOBER 1982 NORTHERN IRELAND ASSEMBLY ELECTION.

Introduction -- Before bushido: considering samurai thought and indentity -- First explanations of bushido in the Meiji Era -- The early bushido boom, 1894-1905 -- The late bushido boom, 1905-1914 -- The end of the bshido boom -- The Showa bushido resurgence -- Bushido in post-war Japan -- Conclusions and considerations

IT IS IMPORTANT TO DEVELOP A POLITICALLY EFFECTIVE, CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE ON IDENTITY POLITICS. COMMON SENSE SUGGESTS THAT IDENTITY POLITICS, MOST CLEARLY EVIDENCED IN POLITICAL MOBILIZATIONS AROUND RACE, ARE PART OF A FUNDAMENTAL ATTACK ON THE CORE VALUES OF OUR POLITICAL CUTURE. THIS ARTICLE SUGGESTS THAT OUR SOCIAL APPETITE FOR IMAGES OF BLACK MEN MISBEHAVING SKEWS OUR PERCEPTIONS OF ALL INDENTITY POLITICS--AND PLAYS INTO THE HANDS OF THE RIGHT.

THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES THE IMPLICATION THAT THE STUDY OF ETHNICITY BECOMES OF CENTRAL CONCERN AS THE STUDY OF POLITICAL CHANGE SHIFTS TOWARD A FOCUS ON THE ROLE OF CULTURE AND ON THE CHARACTER OF THE STATE. EXPLORED IN RELATION TO THE ABOVE IMPLICATION ARE: STATE ELITE, NATIONAL INDENTITY, STATE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK; ETHNIC, CLASS, PATRIMONIAL AND BUREAUCRATIC ELITES. THE IDEOLOGIES OF MONO-ETHNIC, ETHNICALLY NEUTRAL AND CONSOCIATIONAL NATIONALISM ARE DETAILED.

A CATALYTIC STATE IS ONE THAT SEEKS ITS GOALS LESS BY RELYING ON ITS OWN RESOURCES THAN BY ACTING AS A DOMINANT ELEMENT IN COALITIONS OF OTHER STATES, TRANSNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, AND PRIVATE SECTOR GROUPS, WHILE RETAINING ITS DISTINCT INDENTITY AND ITS OWN GOALS. THE GOALS OF THE STATE REMAIN THE SAME--LEGITIMACY, PROSPERITY AND SECURITY. THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS THE MODERN STATE FROM SUZERAIN TO INTEGRAL STATE, GLOBAL TRENDS, THE RESURGENC OF SOCIETY, AND THE REINVENTION OF THE STATE. THE BIG QUESTION IS: CAN AMERICA ADAPT?

Multiplicity of selves / Seymour Rosenberg -- The case for unity in the (post)modern self : a modest proposal / Dan P. McAdams -- The personal self in social context : barriers to authenticity / Susan Harter -- Me's and we's : forms and functions of social indentities / Peggy A. Thoits and Lauren K. Virshup -- The historical formation of selves / Kurt Danziger -- Selves as cultured : as told by an anthropologist who lacks a soul / Dorothy Holland -- The self and society : changes, problems, and opportunities / Roy F. Baumeister -- Conclusion : fundamental issues in the study of self and indentity : contrasts, contexts, and conflicts / Lee Jussim and Richard D. Ashmore