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This article discusses the Dalit narratives of India's ancient past, particularly varied interpretations of Aryan invasion of India. The colonial administrators introduced Aryan theory and race science in order to justify their authority over India. In a response, social reformers and nationalist scholars, largely coming from upper castes, constructed their own narratives of Indian history, which promoted the idea of glorious Aryan-Hindu past. Contrary to the colonial and nationalist scholars, who had characterized the Aryan race as a founder of Hindu civilization, Jotirao Phule's counter-narrative projected them as foreign invaders. In addition, as Brahmanas were identified with Aryans, all non-Brahmanas including Shudras and untouchables were identified as original inhabitants of India in Dalit writings. However, Ambedkar, who challenged the colonial and nationalist views on Aryan invasion, refused to accept Jotirao Phule's identification of Aryans with foreign invaders. Instead, he rejected the Aryan invasion theory and presence of distinct warring races in ancient India. The article highlights the impact of the rapidly changing political atmosphere of the 1940s on Ambedkar's counter-narratives that proposed a common Aryan identity for all—Brahmanas, Shudras and untouchables.

Women's maternal health is an important concern all over the world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia; this includes India, the world's second most populous country. Despite the implementation of various programmes by the government, India has a large number of women dying because of pregnancy-related problems. Tracking the progress of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)-5 which specifically aim to reduce the maternal mortality ratio (MMR), one sees that India is lagging in achieving the required reduction in maternal deaths. To be sure, institutional deliveries, one of the significant interventions to reduce maternal deaths, are being promoted significantly by initiating cash transfer schemes. However, this initiative has not achieved the desired results when one compares various socio-economic groups across India. This study analyses the degree of relative deprivation by using district-level household data to examine disparity in terms of achieving institutional deliveries among different socio-economic groups by using the relative deprivation index (RDI). Examining the severity of relative deprivation, we find that illiteracy and poor economic status are major contributors in creating inequality in achieving acceptable levels of institutional delivery.

India is one of the fastest developing countries in the world and the changes taking place are also very frequent in the financial environment of India. Where Fintech is and will play a major part of the financial world. Fintech is the need of an hour, where it will be completely digitalized in all respects. Today, Comparing India with other countries with respect to its digital growth results in a drastic positive change. This change is helping the nation's economy as well as augmentation of the individuals. Digital India being a flagship programme of the nation's Prime Minister Shri. Narendra Modi under the incorporation of Indian Central Government, Fintech plays and will play a very vital role and impact on the programme fulfilling the needs and requirements of the time. This will also empower the citizens which will lead to a better standard of living. Prof. Ashwini Sanmath "Fin Tech Banking - The Revolutionized Digital Banking" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Conference on Digital Economy and its Impact on Business and Industry , October 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18699.pdf

The review on fluorosis addresses the genesis of the disease, diagnostic protocols developed, mitigation and recovery through nutritional interventions. It reveals the structural and functional damages caused to skeletal muscle and erythrocytes, leading to clinical manifestations in fluorosis. Hormonal derangements resulting in serious abnormalities in the health of children and adults are discussed. Fluoride toxicity destroys the probiotics in the gut, resulting in vitamin B12 depletion, an essential ingredient in haemoglobin (Hb) biosynthesis. The article provides an overview of National Technology Mission on Safe Drinking Water and its contributions to fluorosis control. National Programme for Prevention and Control of Fluorosis is presently in operation in India and its focus cited. Major emphasis has been laid on a variety of disorders surfacing in India due to fluoride toxicity/fluorosis as 'fluorosis-linked disorders', viz. anaemia in pregnancy, schoolchildren, thyroid hormone abnormalities, hypertension, iodine deficiency disorders/goitre, renal failure and calcium+vitamin D-resistant rickets in children. The major action taken by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Government of India in establishing a Centre of Excellence for Fluorosis Research in India and its contributions are highlighted.

The Government of India recently announced $34 million for setting up a "Producers Development and Upliftment Corpus (PRODUCE)" under the National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development (NABARD). Marketing of agricultural produce is a complex process in India. Farmers do not have access to market, they are selling their produce to the intermediaries operate in the market because of this their profit margin is reduced and their farming business becomes a non-viable one. We can mobilize farmers in groups and build their associations called as Farmer Producer Organization (FPOs). FPO is a means to bring together the small and marginal farmers and other small producers to build their own business enterprise that will be managed by professionals. FPO offer small farmers to participate in the market more effectively and help to enhance agricultural production, productivity and profitability. This paper examines current mode of operation of FPO and effectiveness of the FPO with reference to the small farmers in India. This article studies the potential role of Farmer Producer Organisations (POs; and more generally, Producer Organisations) in the context of large prevalence of smallholder agriculture in India.

<div><p><em>This paper studies one of the healthcare industry of India "Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited" which is ranked at 352 amongst the world's largest 500 companies on corporate sustainability and environmental impact according to Newsweek in 2016. Sun Pharmaceutical Industries limited is the only company in the healthcare sector in India which has been listed as one of the Green companies in India. This paper mainly focuses on understanding and analysing the Green initiatives as a part of Corporate social responsibility (CSR) taken by the company which makes it the green company in India in Healthcare sector. </em></p></div><em>The green scores of the company has also increased by 4% compared to the previous year (2015), which shows that the company is always striving to incorporate strategic Green HRM. Strategic Green HRM is one of the growing innovative approaches which promotes the sustainable use of resources of the business organisation and thus integrates environmental management into HRM.</em>

There are two major contrasting opinions with regard to the social, cultural and political identity of tribes in India. There is one school of thought who believes that there is no difference be­ tween caste and tribe in India. Equally strong opinions are expressed that in India tribals have distinctive culture and they do not belong to caste. This politics of identity itself brings conflict between com­ munities and gives rise to many tribal movements. If we take into consideration all the tribal movements, it could be said that the tribal unrest and the resultant movements were mainly movements launched for liberation from (i) oppression, exploitation and dis­ crimination, (ii) neglect and backwardness, and (iii) a government which was callous to the tribals' plight of poverty, hunger, unem­ ployment and exploitation leading to movements due to separatist tendencies. Unless they are brought to the full development in par with others, conflict is bound to show its ugly head. Hence, in order to build peace and harmony within India from a tribal perspective, we need an inclusive development of tribals. This is a priority.

Abstract:In order to become professional English speaker a non-native English speaker must get a chance at work place/academics/in a particular community to improve his/her English-speaking ability. But in the world, countries like India (third world) implementing foreign education system and developing English language ability in every person is the major issue. More over implementing such education systems in ethnic group and backward communities (in a countries like India) is seems to be a sharpen sword in the neck of government. Because in India since independence to till to date many tribes in the country carried to the academics but because of their poverty and low educational motivation in their own community/society they did not acquire ability to speak fluent English even though government spending much afford for such communities. In India banjaras' are also one of the backward communities in state of Telangana, whose children's are having lack of ability to speak fluent English. So in order to improve English speaking in academics this article chose CBLT method. And the study also shows different ways of teaching English to Banjara students with the help of CBLT.

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of research on the history of the colonial armies in South Asia in general and the Madras Presidency in particular. This has been further accentuated with the emergence of the new military history that explicates the social composition and the diverse recruitment procedures of the Madras Army, hitherto unexplored under the East India Company around the first half of the nineteenth century in India. In fact, the very concept of raising an army battalion in the subcontinent underwent change to meet the potential challenges of the other European authorities, which existed during that time. The very composition of the Madras Army and its diverse recruiting policies made the presidency army capable of handling the emerging threat and maintaining the trading interests in the subcontinent of the East India Company. The Madras Army looked upon the epitome of disciplined military tradition since its inception. This article argues how the social composition and recruiting procedures came to be conglomerated to form a distinct military establishment in south India under the company rule.

This study has analysed structural transformation and inter-sectoral relationships of the Indian and the Chinese economy. Variation in employment dynamics across the sectors and growth instability is also examined by taking data from the World Development Indicators (WDI, 2015) of the World Bank. The study has revealed that there is a gradual decline in agriculture in both the countries. Both the economies are now concentrating at service sectors. China is fully exploiting its industrial sector potential while India has been lagging behind in this sector. Johansen's cointegration approach revealed the existence of one cointegration relationship among all the three sectors, namely, agricultural, industrial and services, at 5 per cent level of significance for both the countries. A passive employment shift has been seen from agriculture to non-agriculture sector in India. Occupational transformation in China is faster than India. Policy makers should focus on job generation, especially in services and labour intensive manufacturing sector in India. China should try to create jobs in industrial and services sector because agriculture sector has been sharply declining and is still carrying huge load of employment.

Global information technology (IT) spending has seen phenomenal increases over the last decade and a half. Amidst claims of increased productivity through greater IT usage in production processes, India, like some of the other developing countries, has adopted policies to facilitate the growth of the IT services industry. Such policies are adopted under the belief that the IT sector would also increase productivity of the economy through linkages, thereby facilitating development. In this article, input–output (IO) analysis for India reveals that both backward and forward linkages between the IT sector and other sectors of the economy have been stagnant and declining, respectively, over time. Although IT usage in terms of value added in a given sector has increased, it is much lower than in other developing and industrialized countries. I conclude by discussing some policy directions to improve India's IT integration with the economy and improve domestic productivity, linking it with the national manufacturing policy, the recent 'Make in India' initiative and other policies of the Indian government which help ease doing business in India and development through usage of IT services.

Innovation plays a critical role in shaping the industrial and firm competitiveness of any nation. Innovation is often discussed in the setting of developed countries, but the rise of emerging economies such as India has generated a new interest in understanding innovation in developing economies. This paper aims to study and present the current state of innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in India. The focus of the paper is to bring out the key barriers SMEs face in the innovation process in the context of the existing government policy. India, being a developing nation, has its own set of unique situations and challenges that impede the innovation potential of SMEs operating in it. Many of these barriers are related to public policy, funding constraints, shortage of skilled research and development (R&D) workforce, and weak linkages between institutions and the firms, among others. The paper also discusses the existing government policy framework and enablers to support SMEs' innovation in India. It presents the key findings and recommendations in the form of policy suggestions to the government while taking into account the key challenges and enablers highlighted in the study.

During the first half of the eighteenth century, the book-keeping of the East India Company in India seems to have been on a sound footing. Yet, from the middle of that century, inconsistencies turned up. Without doubt, this was related to the gradual take-over of revenue rights in Bengal after 1757. In London, too, the Company headed for a financial disaster. It was no longer possible to run the trading company with simple book-keeping whilst it was gradually establishing itself as a colonial power in Bengal. The Company's financial situation in India was permanently beyond control from the 1770s onwards. Extensive legislation in 1782 was implemented to address the financial situation. Eventually, it was the English government which consolidated the "Indian debt" by establishing the "India Budget" in 1788, running parallel to the "National Debt''. What had commenced as a problem of book-keeping ended in an overall parliamentary control of the Company's accounting whilst incorporating her financial matters into the public sphere of Great Britain. These "financial cum political operations" made the British Empire viable well into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

The present paper is a review based article written on the needs of social work education in Indian context. The researcher had made an attempt to critically review the research works and articles written by scholars on the topics of social work education in India and the need to make it indigenised and more applicable to Indian communities. The researcher had used the reviews which have been studied while doing his doctoral research review work. The researcher had written this article with the reflections from his own practice and experiences while working as an assistant professor in department of social work. The article focuses on social work education and its need to make it suitable, application and relevant in Indian context. The studies made and reviews written on the particular topic were critically studied during the PhD research work. The research gap thus found out that, there is urgent need to redesign the social work curriculum and develop new theories that can fit the India society. The article had travelled right through the history of social work education in India to the contemporary challenges of social work education in India.

The 21st century has witnessed India undergo sweeping economic changes. Riding on a host of factors, India today stands at the cusp of becoming one of the top four economies in the world. A growth rate of over 8%, prior to the slowdown, was despite the inadequacies of infrastructure. Yet, one organisation, which has shouldered the infrastructural burden of the transportation sector in India's growth story, is the 160 year old Indian Railways (IR). IRs profits – $5 billion over the last four years – are a far cry from its loss making days, which tempted the government of India to consider privatisation in 2001. The transformational turnaround would not have been possible but for IRs employees who are its true assets. The objective, therefore, was to understand the 'people side' of IR – the world's largest commercial employer. The study, while looking to increase awareness of contemporary HR challenges in India, is an attempt to first study the HR practices in the Indian Railways and second, to investigate changes in its HR practices and the role of HR in its turnaround strategies.