This chapter considers three issues: the nature of crime and victimisation in Indigenous rural and remote communities; the responses of the Anglo-Australian criminal justice system to Indigenous crime and justice issues; and the potential for developing and strengthening Indigenous responses to crime. In brief, the rural and remote nature of Indigenous communities influences the social and spatial dynamics of crime. Further, government responses have varied depending on the nature of the Indigenous and non-Indigenous community. In many respects remote Indigenous communities have tended to have less consistent intervention by justice and welfare agencies, while 'mixed' rural communities where Indigenous people comprise a significant minority have tended to have a much stronger law and order presence aimed at controlling Indigenous populations. A further dynamic has been recent work in Indigenous communities aimed at developing localised governance structures to enable communities to deal more effectively with crime prevention and more effective models of sanctioning and rehabilitation (often drawing on various alternatives seen to be more appropriate for Indigenous control).
The indigenous peoples (IPs) of the Philippines, numbering between 4.5 million to 10 million, live in mostly remote rural areas, and are generally regarded as marginalized owing to their geographic, economic, social, and political location. Their situation notwithstanding, this study shows that selected groups of IPs – the Sama-Tausugs, Aytas, and Dumagats – are no strangers to information and communication technologies, particularly the mobile phone. Their perceptions of the mobile phones are shaped by their present life world. But despite limited financial resources, low literacy level, and poor signal in their respective areas, the IPs have devised ways of acquiring and using the mobile phone to keep them connected to each other and to the "lowlanders." For the Ips of this study, mobile phone ownership and use have provided them access to and acceptance in the mainstream society.
Indigenous people are proportionately more likely to live in rural and remote areas of Australia than other culturally and linguistically distinct groups. For this reason, a study of rural crime and justice demands particular attention be paid to the nature and incidence of crime in Indigenous communities as well as the relationship between Indigenous people and the broader non-Indigenous justice institutions. This chapter considers three issues: the nature of crime and victimisation in Indigenous rural and remote communities; the responses of the Anglo-Australian criminal justice system to Indigenous crime and justice issues; and the potential for developing and strengthening Indigenous responses to crime. In brief, the rural and remote nature of Indigenous communities influences the social and spatial dynamics of crime. Further, government responses have varied depending on the nature of the Indigenous and non-Indigenous community. In many respects remote Indigenous communities have tended to have less consistent intervention by justice and welfare agencies, while 'mixed' rural communities where Indigenous people comprise a significant minority have tended to have a much stronger law and order presence aimed at controlling Indigenous populations. A further dynamic has been recent work in Indigenous communities aimed at developing localised governance structures to enable communities to deal more effectively with crime prevention and more effective models of sanctioning and rehabilitation (often drawing on various alternatives seen to be more appropriate for Indigenous control).
Abstract The issue of disability in indigenous peoples is closely related to the issue of full enjoyment in development and inclusive citizenship. Indigenous peoples have the potential to face discrimination and exclusion from every development from every aspect of life. This condition becomes more vulnerable if it occurs in persons with disabilities. The issue of disability in indigenous peoples, still often neglected in its environment and its own group, and even in the system of society and state. Toraja, Bali, and Maros became the representation of the research area. Based on facts and analyzes, disabilities in indigenous peoples face various layers of discrimination and violations of gender and disability status. The characteristics of indigenous peoples determine the treatment of persons with disabilities in their communities. Most noticeable is the lack of friendly service for persons with disabilities in their own societies. Therefore, people with disabilities in indigenous peoples need open opportunities to participate in customary institutions and emancipation beyond the scope of protection and the fulfillment of rights by the government.
This review provides detailed information on the extent of diabetes, and its complications and comorbidities among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, including: incidence and prevalence data; hospitalisations; mortality and burden of disease. This review discusses the issues of prevention and management of diabetes, and provides information on relevant programs, services, policies and strategies that address the health issue of diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. This review concludes by discussing possible future directions for combatting the growing epidemic of diabetes in Australia. The review focuses primarily on type 2 diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people but also refers to type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes where relevant. It provides general information on the historical, social and cultural context of diabetes, and the behavioural and biomedical factors that contribute to diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. This review draws mostly on journal publications, government reports, national data collections and national surveys, the majority of which can be accessed through the HealthInfoNet's Australian Indigenous HealthBibliography.
Although the United Nations have established mechanisms to exercise political authority and influence states' policies and the global civil society puts pressure on their actions, indigenous peoples continue to face discrimination and violations of their rights. Canada constitutes a great example of a democratic country that is supposed to respect and protect human rights but violates the aboriginal rights extensively. The massive energy projects, Coastal GasLink pipeline, Trans Mountain pipeline and Site C dam, being developed in North and West Canada, do not respect the traditional lands and resources of the indigenous populations that live in the region and have been strongly condemned by the First Nations, the actors of the global civil society and the UN. Nonetheless, the Canadian government continues to fully support their construction. This paper aims to analyse the violations conducted against indigenous populations' lands by the Canadian government and the reaction of the UN and global civil society, using a series of qualitative and quantitative data based on papers, analyses and reports of Institutes, Study Centers and Organizations. ; Although the United Nations have established mechanisms to exercise political authority and influence states' policies and the global civil society puts pressure on their actions, indigenous peoples continue to face discrimination and violations of their rights. Canada constitutes a great example of a democratic country that is supposed to respect and protect human rights but violates the aboriginal rights extensively. The massive energy projects, Coastal GasLink pipeline, Trans Mountain pipeline and Site C dam, being developed in North and West Canada, do not respect the traditional lands and resources of the indigenous populations that live in the region and have been strongly condemned by the First Nations, the actors of the global civil society and the UN. Nonetheless, the Canadian government continues to fully support their construction. This paper aims to analyse the violations conducted against indigenous populations' lands by the Canadian government and the reaction of the UN and global civil society, using a series of qualitative and quantitative data based on papers, analyses and reports of Institutes, Study Centers and Organizations.
The bulk of criminological research in relation to Indigenous people has been narrowly confined to "Indigenous crime" and traditionally sees state criminal justice responses as the more or less technical application of laws, policies and procedures to control crime. Most government-employed "administrative" criminologists steer as far away as possible from the issue of human rights. This chapter argues that bringing a human rights perspective to criminology and Indigenous people is an important task. It opens up a new level of research, analysis and theory building, and can directly contribute to identifying and remedying human rights abuses.
This article describes the process of recognition ofIndigenous people in Australia of theAboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. The 1967 Referendum is a new chapter and an openroad for Aboriginal people to try to regain the rights of those whoin the past were snatchedaway by the arrival of white people. The Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanderresidents were the first and the first to settle in Australia, long before the arrival of theEuropeans. Unfortunately, because at the time ofthe arrival of Europeans, Aboriginal peopleare still formed in tribes so far from civilized and civilized, as well as sovereign governments.Since the arrival of Europeans who claimed Australia as their territory of power, Aboriginalcommunities continueto experience discrimination. Starting from not being considered anAustralian ruler, it is not counted in the census of the population to be part of Australia, untilthere are very cruel controls against them, such as Aboriginal abolition, the aboriginalgeneration away from Aboriginal influence, until Aboriginal people are not allowed to enterAustralia. In fact, Aborigines get discrimination against public services as well, whencompared to other official Australian citizens. With the Australian Referendum raising theAboriginal issue began to pave the way for Aboriginal people to achieve their rights. With the1967 Referendum, Aboriginal people are counted in the Australian population census as partof an Australian citizen. In subsequent years, gradualdiscrimination begins to be abolishedin relation to race, ethnicity, or color. And finally, in 2013 it is stated in the constitution thatAustralia recognizes Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as Australia's first inhabitants.This research uses qualitative description research method. Secondary data were obtainedthrough documentary studies, ie through magazines, newspapers, books and other sourcesrelated to this research topic.Keywords:Indigenous People,Discrimination, Referendum
Australia, Canada, and the United States formally apologized to their Indigenous peoples in February 2008, June 2008, and December 2009, respectively. The Indigenous peoples in these countries are relatively small in size and Indigenous issues usually lack salience in national elections, so these near simultaneous apologies appear somewhat surprising. All three came after years of pressure and incompletely realized apologies. The presence of a focusing event and the level of Indigenous mobilization help explain the variation among the apologies, with Canada and Australia's apologies stronger than the U.S. one. However, the impact of the apologies on the three governments' efforts to reconcile with their Indigenous populations remains unclear.
Indigenous people across the globe have engaged in a constant struggle to take control of natural resources and land against intrusion by external developers, state interest and commercial pressures brought up by practices such as mining and agribusiness (Meilasari-Sugiana, 2018). The main purpose of this research paper is to discuss how Thomas Pogge's argument on the Global Justice applies to the case of indigenous people from the Philippines and their struggle to protect their natural resources. The paper will use a designed case study to demonstrate the enactment gap between the indigenous peoples' rights in practice and law and the role of stakeholders in safeguarding the land belonging to the indigenous group. A case study of Higaonon indigenous tribe was selected for the study due to various mining and palm oil agribusiness activities in the region and the struggle to retain the land. The research methodology involved gathering information from tribal leaders' representatives and members of the focus groups and researching previous informant interviews with governmental bodies and non-governmental organizations on the matter in question. The study results show conflicting interests among different government bodies; laws and mandate of various government bodies are contradicting resulting in poor coordination between them. It is also noted that there is a lack of political will and resources to implement the provisions in the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act. The indigenous peoples' land tenure insecurity is also found to be a disunity factor.
Was für die meisten Menschen eine Selbstverständlichkeit ist, nämlich das Sprachliche Menschenrecht, sich in der eigenen Muttersprache zu entfalten und zu sprechen, ist es für Indigene Völker und Minderheiten nicht. Im Vergleich zu anderen grundlegenden Menschenrechten sind Sprachenrechte von einigen Staaten nur eingeschränkt anerkannt. Dennoch ist der Schutz dieser Rechte nicht nur unerlässlich für das Wohl der Sprecher der Indigenen- und Minderheitssprachen, sondern auch für Nationen und Gesellschaften. Diese Rechte sind durch einige internationale Verträge geschützt, dennoch gibt es immer noch viel zu tun, um diese Rechte zu sichern. In Mexiko ist die Sprachpolitik in ständigem Wandel. In den letzten Jahrzehnten haben gesetzliche Veränderungen den Indigenen Völkern Sprachenrechte einigermaßen gewährt. Mexiko gehört zu den Ländern mit der größten Sprachenvielfalt weltweit, aber die Sprecher stellen den Teil der mexikanischen Gesellschaft dar, der der Diskriminierung und Ausgrenzung ausgesetzt ist: Indigene Völker. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist festzulegen, inwieweit die Gesetzgebung in Mexiko Sprachenrechte schützt und ob diese sich an internationale Standards hält. Aus der Analyse ging hervor, dass dies der Fall ist und Mexiko seinen Indigenen Völkern Sprachenrechte sehr wohl gewährt. Nichtsdestotrotz wurden Lücken in der Umsetzung festgestellt. Da Mexiko ein Föderalstaat ist, hat jeder Bundesstaat das Recht, das Föderalgesetz zu interpretieren und seine eigene Gesetzgebung zu gestalten. Demzufolge haben Indigene Völker mehr oder weniger Sprachenrechte, je nachdem wo sie angesiedelt sind. ; Linguistic Human Rights, the right to speak and unfold in ones mother tongue, is a right that is taken for granted by the majority of the population, and that is not yet a reality for most Indigenous Peoples and linguistic minorities. Compared to other fundamental human rights, linguistic rights are not being entirely acknowledged by many nations. Nevertheless, the protection of these rights is essential not only for the wellbeing of speakers but for nations and societies. These rights are already being protected by several international treaties and mechanisms. However, there is still much to be done to guarantee its application. In Mexico, language policy has been in constant change; in the past decades, reformations have granted linguistic rights to the Indigenous Peoples to some extent. Mexico is one of the countries with the largest language diversity worldwide, and its speakers represent one of the most marginalized and discriminated sectors of Mexican society: Indigenous Peoples. The objective of this dissertation was to determine if the Mexican legislation adequately protects linguistic rights and if it complies with international standards by making a comparative analysis of its legislation at federal and regional levels. The analysis showed that Mexico indeed complies with the international standards and grants fundamental linguistic rights to its Indigenous Peoples. Nonetheless, some implementation gaps were determined. Since Mexico is constituted as a federal State, every single state has the right to interpret federal law and create their own set of laws, as a consequence, depending on their place of residence, Indigenous Peoples can enjoy more or less linguistic human rights. ; Lourdes Mariana Olvera Colin, BA ; Zusammenfassungen in Deutsch und Englisch ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2019 ; (VLID)4494266
In this article, I argue that emancipatory possibilities for Mäori, the Indigenous people of New Zealand, rely on structural changes that enable them to have control over resources, decision making, and meaning, and that emancipation is a journey traveled by oppressed groups as they exercise their collective agency. The 1990s development of Pängarau, the national mathematics curriculum policy in the medium of Mäori, provides the context for this discussion. Recent developments indicate that state structures have shifted towards giving Mäori more control in curriculum writing. Key words: collective agency, state structures, Indigenous curriculum development, New Zealand education, Mäori education, mathematics education Dans cet article, l'auteure soutient que les possibilités d'émancipation des Maori, le peuple autochtone de la Nouvelle‐Zélande, reposent sur des changements structu‐ raux qui leur permettent d'avoir la haute main sur des ressources, la prise de déci‐ sions et l'orientation générale et que l'émancipation est un chemin parcouru par des groupes opprimés qui exercent une action collective. L'élaboration dans les années 1990 de Pängarau, la politique nationale relative à l'enseignement des mathématiques en maori, fournit le contexte de l'analyse présentée ici. Des faits récents indiquent que les structures de l'État évoluent vers la remise d'un contrôle accru aux Maori pour ce qui est de l'élaboration des programmes d'études. Mots clés : action collective, structures étatiques, élaboration de programmes d'études par des autochtones, éducation en Nouvelle‐Zélande, éducation dispensée aux Maori, enseignement des mathématiques
The condition of water safety and quality on reserve has been a growing concern in Canada. Despite a substantial amount of funding allocated toward improving water infrastructure on reserve, an alarming proportion of communities face boil and drinking water advisories. To understand why this paradox and problem persists, this article will work through the issues and nuances that have created unsafe drinking water on reserve, proposed remedies, and policy implications. To do so, the role of the Government of Canada is reviewed first because reserve land is under federal jurisdiction. Following this, the article will discuss the standpoints of the Assembly of First Nations and other Indigenous groups on the water crisis, and will draw upon focus groups within First Nations that we conducted. To contextualize the water issue on reserve in Canada, a comparison with the United States is then drawn. One of the main themes of this paper with regard to the issue of safe drinking water on reserve is how the legacy of colonization has limited community capacity. This theme is then discussed in depth by comparing Indigenous to non-Indigenous communities, looking to the social determinants of water quality, and possibilities and limitations of building sustainable development allowing for safe drinking water on reserve. To understand what processes consistently intervene in the way of sustainability of safe water in Indigenous communities, regulatory frameworks are examined, funding mechanisms are reviewed, and Aboriginal governance is discussed along with the direction that policy should take.
Indonesia is an Asian country with the owner of the most indigenous people. Where according to the CONSTITUTION 1945 article 18B paragraph (2) as one of the constitutional foundations of indigenous peoples declared that the State recognizes and respects the existence and rights of indigenous peoples. The change from indigenous land function as an oil palm plantation becomes a major threat to indigenous peoples, where the actual land function for them is following the number 15 SDGs. The establishment of palm plantation is also happening in the indigenous areas of the Talang Mamak tribe or called the child in the region of Riau province. We are here using the Qualitative Research method, we do this research to introduce the rights of indigenous peoples.
