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Dumézil regarded the insistence on etymological equations as a blockage in consideration of the Indo-European ideology, whereas the occurrence of a comparative grammar and a common religious nomenclature necessitated the advantage of genetic comparisons over comparisons excluding the notions of organic contiguity. He considered it self-evident that societies sharing a political, juridical, ethical, and religious vocabulary likewise share a coherent system of thought, and that this system may be sought beyond the manifestations of signs. This presupposition led Dumézil to compare sets of ideas, circumscribed by their inherent systematic constancy, yet dissolved in an irreversible cluster of formal variability.

Dumézil regarded the insistence on etymological equations as a blockage in consideration of the Indo-European ideology, whereas the occurrence of a comparative grammar and a common religious nomenclature necessitated the advantage of genetic comparisons over comparisons excluding the notions of organic contiguity. He considered it self-evident that societies sharing a political, juridical, ethical, and religious vocabulary likewise share a coherent system of thought, and that this system may be sought beyond the manifestations of signs. This presupposition led Dumézil to compare sets of ideas, circumscribed by their inherent systematic constancy, yet dissolved in an irreversible cluster of formal variability.

Dieser Band nimmt den auf Doris Bachmann-Medick zurückgehenden Gedanken der cultural turns in den Kulturwissenschaften auf. Die Veränderungen der Forschungsmethoden und -schwerpunkte, die den turns entspringen, erweisen sich für die Translationswissenschaft als besonders produktiv. Forscherinnen und Forscher aus Polen, Deutschland und Österreich untersuchen das Phänomen der Translation als kulturelles Faktum: Übersetzungen von literarischen, pragmatischen und wissenschaftlichen Texten in diversen Sprachenkombinationen. Die Beiträge verknüpfen die linguistisch-literaturwissenschaftlichen Aspekt

The article considers a complex of problems related to the Indo-European origin. The study made it possible to determine the place where the ancestral homeland of the Proto-Indo-European language carriers was located. The time of the origin of the Proto-Indo-European language is determined: approximately 6,000 years ago. The information obtained is in good agreement with the conclusions of independent researchers. In addition, the results indicate a correlation between genetics and languages of the Indo-Europeans, i.e., correspond to the modern global systematic assessment of genetic and linguistic coincidences.

Introduction. The proposed article critically examines the explanation of the origin of nasal vowels in Slavic languages by incorporating an open syllable law. It is shown that the convergence of many closed syllables, ending with nasal consonants, into two kinds of open syllables with nasal vowels contradicts a number of facts of evolution in the opposite direction, e. g., evolution of nasal vowels towards combinations "a vowel – a nasal consonant" in Balkan Slavic languages (Bulg. пент "five", вънзел "knot"), as well as to the observed interpretation of Slavic nasal vowels in acts of borrowing by languages without nasal vowels, e. g. OCS дѫбрава "oak forest" > Rom. dumbrávă. Methodology and sources. The proposed model results from generalization of the data of instrumental phonetical research, which show that the articulation of palatal consonants is unstable leading to there divergent evolution, i. e. transformation to sounds with more definite zones of articulation, e. g. palatal lateral approximant *[ʎ] split into palatalized lateral liquid [l'] and fricative [j]. In the proposed model Proto-Indo-European (PIE) syllable velar nasal consonant *ŋ̍ in the process of its phonetic evolution in Indo-European (IE) languages split into a variety of nasal vowels with different articulations, which further on irregularly transformed into vowels without nasalization or into combinations of vowels with nasal consonants (e. g. OInd. paŋktíṣ, OIsl. fimt, Lith. penkì, OCS пѩть, OHG finf, fimf, funf "пять", etc., from the common PIE prototype with syllable nasal *ŋ̍). Results and discussion. Examples of PIE prototypes of lexemes meaning "water bird", "tooth, sharp edge", "five", as well as lexemes, related to Russ. нутро, ядро, неясыть, уж, угорь, нагой, нога, ноготь are presented. All prototypes contain a nasal syllabic, which is split producing four types of reflexes in IE languages. Newly discovered etymological links, such as the connection between Russ. Lexemes meaning "leg" and "corner", are discussed.Conclusion. The proposed model permits to uniformly explain the facts of synchronous existence of related Rus. недро "insides" and ядро "nucleos", related нутро и утроба "belly", related OCS ѫты, Lith. ántis and AGr. Att. νῆττα "duck", related Rus. неясыть "a kind of owl; pelican" and ненасытный "insatiable", etc., using the notion of divergent evolution of the PIE syllable velar nasal *ŋ̍.