Memahami Islam dapat dilakukan dalam tiga matra: Islam dalam cita, citra, dan fakta. Atau Islam dalam eksistensinya sebagai ajaran, Islam sebagaimana dipersepsi manusia, atau Islam sebagai fakta sosial. Tulisan ini menyajikan rekaman faktual proses aktualisasi ajaran Islam dalam lembaga politik atas dasar perolehan suara dalam pemilu yang telah diselenggarakan 8 kali di Indonesia. Secara statistik, hampir 90 persen penduduk Indonesia beragama Islam. Jumlah mayoritas ini tidak pernah menjelma secara representatif dalam bentuk dukungan terhadap partai-partai Islam. Sesuai data 8 kali pemilu menunjukkan tidak sekalipun partai Islam memenangkan pemilu, baik pada pemilu bebas, yaitu pemilu 1955 dan pemilu 1999, maupun dalam pemilu-pemilu Orde Baru yang berada dalam tekanan. Dukungan terhadap partai-partai Islam cenderung menurun dalam masa hampir 50 tahun penyelenggaraan pemilu. Sehingga dengan demikian, ke depan, harapan partai Islam untuk memenangkan persaingan politik hanya dapat terselenggara dengan melakukan kerjasama dengan kekuatan politik lain untuk berbagi peran politik secara proporsional.
A systematic comparison of the development of modern bureaucracies in India and Indonesia during the colonial era has never been made. No equivalent of the excellent work done by J.S. Furnivall on the colonial administration in Burma and Java is available. Yet, much of what he said is useful for the subject of this paper and we shall therefore lean heavily on him. It would be an overstatementto say that Indians before the Second World War felt interested in the events and developments in Indonesia. In the other direction that interest surely existed. We need only to recall the deep impact the Indian nationalist movement made upon such Indonesian nationalists as Sukarno.'The example of Asian nationalism to which Indonesians referred most often was the Indian one.' This applies for instance to the Congress non-cooperation campaign in the early 1920s. Indonesian nationalists could since then be classified as cooperators and non-cooperators, although for them the principal criterion was not the wish to boycott Dutch schools, goods and government officials(such a boycott actually never occurred in colonial Indonesia)but the refusal to participate in representative councils such as the Volksraad(i.e. People's Council).
General Election 2014 in Indonesia principally was a gate to more democratic Indonesia. People were given rights to directly vote their preferred legislative representatives and president and vice president for the next five-year period. New political learning process was introduced as all presidential candidates must show their capabilities in all aspects to attract constituents. The role of mass media became important as each candidate worked hard to gain sympathy from people. This paper examines how Indonesian online news media critically reported the presidential candidates. Further, this paper analysed how the issue were represented in the online media and why it was represented in such ways.
This article discusses Indonesia's orientation in the North Natuna Sea in the constructivism. The article aims to look at the change of Indonesia's orientation towards the positioning of North Natuna waters following China's claims as the part of its territories. Indonesia's orientation used to be for economic development activities. However, Indonesia then swifted such orientation to defense and security. The article applied the constructivist theory of Alexander Went. The article applied the qualitative approach whose data collection was through literature study.
Indonesia's welfare state has not been realized to date because of many challenges, obstacles, or threats. One of the many challenges is illegal circulation (without a permit) and drug abuse, which is increasingly massive and systematic. Drug crimes have been carried out systematically, massively, and continue with the target of thousands and even tens of thousands of Indonesian people becoming users and dealers every year. As a result of drugs, every year, 15,000 young people in Indonesia die from drugs. Even the data from the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) shows 40-50 people per day die from drugs, and losses due to drugs reach Rp 63.1 trillion annually. This paper aims to build a critical approach to the function of BNN in preventing and eradicating drug criminal actions in Indonesia.
As a sovereign Country, Indonesia and Japan have a long history of relations. The relationship itself is runs dynamically and based on a variety of factors, which are then interesting to study further. This cannot be avoided, because dynamics relations between Japan and Indonesia are important stories that shaping the nation history. Starting from the concept of south expansion and ends because of foreign investment, this relationship had experienced up and down from time to time. It is interesting to be able to see how the journey of the dynamics of the relationship occurs and what factors are behind it. All of this will be written through a historical perspective in order to create a common thread from the series of events that have occurred.
This article aims to scrutinise the phenomenon of proliferation of local government units in Indonesia in order to understand how identity politics has evolved within and through the process of decentralization. In doing so, there are several points to make. The numbers of districts and municipalities in Indonesia have doubled within six years. Local governments have proliferated in the sense that the numbers of local government units have multiplied rapidly in such a short period. There were 'only' a little bit more than 200 units when Suharto stepped down in 1998, and that had more than doubled to 466 units in 2006. Interestingly, this took place in an absence of a definite plan, as the state showed its enthusiasm for decentralisation and a bottom-up process of decision-making. First, the state can no longer maintain its hegemonic role. Under the regimes of Sukarno and Suharto, the state possessed relatively effective technocratic and bureaucratic apparatus that ensured effective control over its people and agenda. Through technocratically equipped bureaucracies the state mobilised certain kinds of discourse that, in turn, defined what was deemed proper under the banner of ethnic and religious solidarity. Second, local elites play critical roles in the process of proliferation. Moreover, in many cases their roles have reversed since the fall of the New Order. Previously, they were co-opted by the state but now, they are co-opting the state. Why is that so? The state is well aware of and even too sensitive to the potential of ethnic-based, race-motivated conflicts, as well as secession (Wellman 2005). Indeed, conflicts did take place quite extensively in Indonesia for that reason. As a result, the state opts to accomodate the interests of local elites instead of confronting them. In other words, proliferation of local government serves as a strategy for preventing political disintegration. Local autonomy is currently the best available solution to ethnic conflict in Indonesia (Bertrand 2004). Third, the proliferation of local governments confirms the importance of territoriality or territorial attachment (Kahler and Walter 2006). Territory serves as a basis for identity politics. By establishing a new set of local governments, the central government still retains territorial control and, at the same time, local activists also have an opportunity to do so.
Horizontal Scheiding is the principle that adopted from customary law, used in the establishment of Undang-Undang Number 5 of 1960 on Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria as well as related legislation. Horizontal Scheiding provides legal protection for owner of Hak atas Tanah with respect to buildings and/or objects thereon.The creation of laws and regulations that regulate matters related to the ownership of a residential or residential house by foreigners who are domiciled in Indonesia, provides an opportunity for foreigners to be able to have Hak atas Tanah in Indonesia, namely Hak Pakai as stipulated in the Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Number 18 of 2021 concerning Hak Pengelolaan, Hak Atas Tanah, Satuan Rumah Susun, dan Pendaftaran Tanah.In the case of foreigners who can own Hak atas Tanah with the status of Hak Pakai, if the Hak Pakai expire then foreigners are required to return the land according to the status of Hak atas Tanah that they are occupy, including it can lead to the demolition of buildings built on the Hak atas Tanah that have been obtained with or without being able to ask for compensation unless agreed in the land use agreement.Keywords: Horizontal Scheiding; Hak Pakai; Foreigners.Asas Pemisahan Horizontal merupakan asas yang diserap dari hukum adat yang digunakan dalam pembentukan Undang – Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-pokok Agraria serta Peraturan Perundang-undangan terkait. Asas Pemisahan Horizontal memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang hak atas tanah terhadap kaitannya dengan bangunan dan/atau benda-benda diatasnya. Lahirnya Peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur hal-hal terkait dengan pemilikan rumah tempat tinggal atau hunian oleh orang asing yang berkedudukan di Indonesia, memberikan kesempatan bagi orang asing untuk dapat memiliki hak atas tanah di Indonesia yakni Hak Pakai sebagaimana ketentuan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2021 tentang Hak Pengelolaan, Hak Atas Tanah, Satuan Rumah Susun, dan Pendaftaran ...
Ten Rhizopus were screened for their extracellular lipolytic activity. All strains showed lipolytic activity with diffferent activities.R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis (Cohn) Scipper & Stalpers UICC 520 (4.52 unit/ml) and R. microsporus var. oligosporus UICC 550 (2.58 unit/ml) showed a high lipolytic activity in screening medium containing 5% pepton and 1% glucose (b/v) without a lipid substrate after 24 hours of incubation at room temperature.
Entering the 21st century, information and communication technolou (ICT) has become an un-separated part in daily human activities. ICT business has become the means in creating wealth and welfare for those commanding this technology. Indonesia with her abundance of people could have compete and create a mass of entrepreneurs in the ICT business. Lack of human development and other causes have brought Indonesia to become merely just user and buyer in the thriving business. The Government of Indonesia has long realized this and has made some efforts in closing the gap. President Yudhoyono 's visit the USA in 2005 has brought an early discussion whether Microsoft will open its research centre in Indonesia. The discussion arouse to a level that in the future Indonesia would able to export its software to the world market. There are steps to be taken and resources to be prepared. There are certain constrains for Indonesia to rise as the world software powerhouse in the future, including the ever changing environment of the software market, as some regard as maelstrom effect. This paper describes the steps should be taken to establish the Microsoft Research Centre in Indonesia and the link to make Indonesia as a world software exporter.
Foreign investment is individual foreigner, foreign entities, and / or foreign government investments in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. In Indonesia, foreign investors shall be in the form of Limited Liability Company under the laws of Indonesia and domiciled in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia, unless other determined by law. Then any foreign companies investing in Indonesia must do business working with the Indonesian company, and then into a new company which is subject to the laws of Indonesia. Therefore, this article will explain whether the Indonesian government is justified in taking a foreign investment company, and explained the legal protection against expropriation of foreign investment companies.
Penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya telah membuktikan dampak positif adopsi layanan pitalebar terhadap perubahan sosial dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Hal tersebut mendorong pemerintah Indonesia untuk menyusun dan menetapkan rencana pitalebar Indonesia (RPI) yang berisi panduan dan arah pembangunan pitalebar nasional. Namun demikian, upaya-upaya yang dilakukan lebih banyak kepada strategi pencapaian dari sisi suplai, sedangkan upaya untuk meningkatkan dan memetakan permintaan kurang mendapat perhatian. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi yang dapat menjelaskan adopsi LTE, sebagai salah satu teknologi pitalebar, di Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga menyertakan variabel konsumsi paket data dan tipe berlangganan sebagai variabel penjelas ke dalam model yang diusulkan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei yang dilaksanakan Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya, Perangkat, dan Penyelanggaraan Pos dan Informatika, Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika pada tahun 2016. Kami menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif untuk menggambarkan profil responden dan analisis logistik biner untuk menguji signifikansi statistik perbedaan sosial ekonomi dalam kaitannya dengan adopsi layanan berbasis teknologi LTE di Indonesia. Hasil analisis menunjukkan jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, tingkat perekonomian, dan tipe berlangganan memiliki peran penting dalam menjelaskan adopsi layanan pitalebar bergerak, khususnya adopsi layanan berbasis teknologi LTE. Some previous studies have found that there are positive impacts of the broadband adoption on social change and economic growth. Those findings have prompted the Indonesian government to develop and stipulate the Indonesian Broadband Plan which contains guidelines and directions for national broadband development. However, the efforts are more devoted to the achievement strategy of supply side. Meanwhile, demand side gets insufficient attention. This paper seeks to fulfill this gap by investigating the socioeconomic attributes that ...
This paper discusses the obligation of PT. Asuransi Astra Buana in Motor Vehicle Insurance. The goal is to discover the shape of an obligation of PT. Asuransi Astra Buana for Motor Vehicles and recognize the Insurance Claim Process at PT. Asuransi Astra Buana. Via way of means of studying and decoding library substances that exist withinside the literature, the Legislative Invitations, and provisions regarding coverage agreements. Data used on this examination is secondary data, after which accomplished a qualitative analysis. The effects of this examination are PT. Asuransi Astra Buana need to be accountable to the insured who has participated in motor car coverage due to the fact it's miles sure via way of means of the agreement, particularly in Article 1 paragraph (1) of Law Number 40 of 2014 regarding Insurance, PT. Asuransi Astra Buana is obliged to offer the obligation to the insured if withinside the implementation of repayment the insurer will remember the top rate this is nevertheless owed for the continuing coverage duration for the car, the insured need to deliver the insurer the possibility to test the harm earlier than repairing or changing the car, the insured need to observe the provisions that are according with the process via the stairs that need to be executed on the time of filling out the shape need to be authentic and sincere due to the fact in case you make the slightest mistake then the declare submission will maximum probably be canceled. The end of this study is PT. Asuransi Astra Buana is obliged to offer repayment withinside the policy.
