Suchergebnisse

The aim of the article is found on the idea of measure as a substrate of criminal-legal influence. The publication proposes to consider the measure as a substrate of external forms of legal influence and criminal-legal measure as a primary element of all external forms of criminal-legal influence (in connection with the commission of a criminal act). The analysis allows us to conclude that the substrate of legal influence is a basic element of socio-legal regulation (which substantively combines a system of techniques and methods of influence used to obtain a positive and socially significant result). It should be understood that a criminal-legal measure is a system of techniques and methods of coercive and rehabilitation-encouraging influence of the state on criminal practices (criminal offenses, objectively illegal acts, abuse of law) and lawful post-criminal behavior, which is carried out by the law, determined by the socio-cultural environment. It is concluded that such ideas of Leonardo Polo as coexistence, the abandonment of mental limit, his thoughts on ethics, knowledge, and law can be applied successfully when the criminal-legal measure is characterized by several features that distinguish it from measures of the legal influence of another industry.

The objective of the article was to determine the essence and legal implementation in Russia of principles such as: independence of the judiciary, relative truth, contradictory nature, legal certainty of judicial acts and discretion. In the countries of the Roman-Germanic legal order, it is no coincidence that legal principles are of great scientific and applied importance. The presence of a certain system of procedural principles makes it possible to assess the existence of justice in the country, the stability of a judicial decision and the fairness of judicial acts. Thus, the principles of the law directly affect the level of legality in each state. Currently, some procedural principles give rise to a discussion in Russian doctrine about their essence and content. The topic is presented from the point of view of general scientific methods (systems analysis, structural and functional, historical), the method of theoretical analysis, specific scientific methods (comparative jurisprudence, technical and legal analysis, concretization, interpretation). The theoretical basis was cognitive theory. It is concluded that the principle of the independence of the judiciary is not fully operational in the Russian Federation.

__Abstract__ In recent years a considerable number of studies have been undertaken concerning the impact of interest groups' influence in the European and North American policy-making process.

The purpose of the study is to characterize the impact of state financial control on the functioning of public authorities and to highlight the directions for the development of state financial control in Ukraine. The methodological basis of the article is a system of general and special scientific methods (dialectical, formal-logical, comparative legal, analytical, etc.). It is proved that in most countries there are formal systems of state financial control, the subjects of such control and their powers are clearly defined. It has been established that in Ukraine there is a centralized model of activity of state financial control bodies, which does not meet the current challenges. It is concluded that the presence of unified and clearly defined tasks, methods and principles, taking into account the specifics of the national legislation and the socio-economic situation that ensures the effective work of state financial control bodies and improves financial and budgetary discipline. It is based on the priority of three vectors of development of the state control system: formation of a clear structure of state control subjects; development of a legislative framework and unified methodology and, finally, introduction of modern information and innovative technologies.

Teachers in their teaching practice live different tensions related to political, social, economic and cultural demands. Teachers' decisions within the classroom are likely to have consequences beyond any academic scenario. Those decisions have an impact on students' perception of society and culture. On the one hand, teachers have some influence upon some of these sociocultural and self-concept related issues that shape students' upbringing. On the other hand, aspects such as family revenues, social dynamics, location and strata, role models, parents' literacy level, etc. exceed their means as they are part of a system concerning the social, political and economic establishment of the government. In public education, EFL teachers cannot afford to approach English as a mere subject to be taught. In fact, the great majority of them are homeroom teachers too.

La autora establece cuatro herencias recibidas por la enfermería colombiana: la tradición de tipo religioso, la condición femenina o de género, la herencia militar y la herencia antropológica o étnica. En esta última se tiene en cuenta tanto la herencia indígena como la influencia de la enfermería española, con todos sus influjos mediterráneos. La influencia religiosa se inicia con el sacerdote Jesuita Pedro Claver hacia 1610 -1617; continúa con los Hermanos Hospitalarios de San Juan de Dios hacia 1768 y posteriormente en 1873 con la llegada de las Hermanas de la Caridad de la Presentación. Compara la organización de la enfermería en el Hospital de la Santa Cruz de Barcelona, donde parece ser se empezó a organizar la enfermería como tal, analizando las funciones del Administrador de la sala de enfermos, el Servidor, las mujeres encargadas de las salas de enfermas o de niños, la Ecónoma, la Jefe de Sala, y el Enfermero Mayor, en relación con los cargos y funciones actuales en los Hospitales colombianos. ; Four statements inferenced from: religious traditions, gender or woman status, military heritage and ethnic inheritance, and their influence in nursing, are presented in this article. The ethnic inheritance analyses the issue based upon the cultural influences of the native-indigenous groups and the Spanish and Mediterranean attributes in nursing development.The religious tradition began with Pedro Claver's J.C. presence between 1610 and 1617. His presence is followed by the "Hermanos Hospilalarios de San Juan de Dios" in 1768, and further with the presence of the sisters of Charity in 1873. Lastly, the article compares the Barcelona's Santa Cruz hospital organization, where at that time, seems to appear a new type of nursing arrangement; which present functions and charges, currently utilized in Colombian hospitals ( administrator of patient rooms, "Servidor", women in charge of female patients and sick children, "economa", chief in charge, and senior male nurse).

The acquisition of the Cuatro and La sexta television networks by Telecinco and Antena 3, respectively, has configured a new audiovisual landscape in Spain. The two new media platforms, now known as Mediaset España and Atresmedia, have accumulated considerable power in the free-to-air television market in terms of revenue, audience configuration and advertising sales figures. The objective of this article is to analyse the causes of these mergers, their influence on the Spanish television market, and to establish whether they put at risk -in terms of "relevant markets"- the survival of other players. Method. The study is based on the principles of the political economy of communication, which provides an integrated theoretical framework focused on media ownership and concentration. Results and conclusions. The overall conclusion is that, since 2010, when the first concentration deal was closed, the conditions of competition of the Spanish audiovisual market have been modified.

Este trabajo se centra en conocer las diferencias en el rendimiento académico de los alumnos de Educación Infantil según el sexo y la lengua materna. Para ello, y partiendo de los distintos escenarios que nos presenta la multiculturalidad, hemos tenido en cuenta las peculiaridades de esta diversidad cultural reflejadas en el aula, sin olvidar que nos encontramos en un contexto en el que coexiste una lengua oficial y un dialecto cultural. La muestra estuvo integrada por 489 alumnos de Educación Infantil de 12 centros educativos públicos y 3 centros concertados, de edades comprendidas entre 5 y 6 años (M= 5.23; DT= .506); de estos el 51.4% eran niños (n=249) y el 48.6% niñas (n=235), de los cuales el 37.7% tenían como lengua materna familiar el castellano (n=183) y el 62.3% el darija (n=302). Se utilizó el instrumento multidimensional de competencias básicas en Educación Infantil (Mateos y Olmedo, 2018). Los resultados de los análisis ANOVA y regresión Logística Binaria evidenciaron que la lengua materna es la principal causa de las diferencias de estos niños, afectando negativamente a aquellos que tienen lengua materna castellana, quedando claramente definido que la principal debilidad se muestra en las áreas de la expresión oral, la expresión escrita y la conciencia fonética.

This article presents an exploratory study of the current status of public relationsin Spain on the basis of elements and indicators applied to other countries in thestudy The Global Public Relations Handbook (2009). Spain is one of the most notableabsentees from the study; this article therefore fills a hole in current public relationsresearch and theory. The conclusion is that Spain is a country that has undergoneradical change, from a dictatorship to one of the world's most democratic systems,substantially transforming its economic system, its culture and its society. Thistransformation has had a crucial effect on the practice of those professions whichhave freedom of expression as their legal foundation; one such example is publicrelations, which has grown from an emerging industry into an established profession

As a research objective, the article presents a classification of myths and scientific orientations of world mythology, as a condition of possibility to explain the national and political formation of cultures, for which the historical and cognitive method was used. Myths are part of the primitive religious imaginary. The political sphere, in which the principles and technologies of management of society are developed, is the one most in need of producing effective means of influence, so that its results have an intense load of mythogenesis. In the space of the political most of the characteristics of myth are the perception of accessibility and openness of empathy, regardless of a person's age, gender, nationality. Everything allows to conclude that, the history of the search for the underlying essence of the universe also goes back to the distant past of science. For example, some philosophers of ancient India and China, Egypt and Babylon, ancient Central Asia and Greece, among others, believed that some substance or certain element lay at the base of the universe.

The aim of the research was to examine the influence of cooperative ideologies on the origin of credit societies in Russia. The emergence of a legal framework for consumer and, later, credit cooperation in Russia came in two ways. The first formal credit union was established in 1831 by Russian military officers banished to Siberia after the December 1825 revolt. Other cooperatives were organized in a Western model by enthusiasts from the wealthy strata. Later, the history of cooperation in consumer credit before the revolution in Russia can be divided into three stages: first, 1831-1860 (before the peasant reform); second, 1861-1904 (after the peasant reform); and third, 1905-1917 (adoption of government regulations on cooperation). To solve the objective set, the authors used the documentary method close to the historical method. It is concluded that analysis of the preconditions of the first cooperative organizations in Russia shows that there were some known forms of primitive cooperation or pre-cooperation over the centuries.