Suchergebnisse

"Die voranschreitende (Konzern-)Globalisierung stellt sachlich und räumlich neue Anforderungen an eine solidarische Betriebs- und Gewerkschaftspolitik 'jenseits des Nationalstaates'. Die im Laufe der 1990er Jahre neu etablierten oder fortentwickelten Instrumente betrieblicher und gewerkschaftlicher Interessenvertretung auf globaler Konzernebene - Weltbetriebsräte, globale Gewerkschafts- und Basisnetze - zeigen praktisch und in ihren Potenzialen transnationaler Arbeitnehmersolidarität ein vielschichtiges Bild. Dazu gehört ihr Beitrag zu einer 'weichen' Regulierung durch Verankerung sozial- und arbeitspolitischer Mindeststandards entlang der Reichweite des Konzerns, und die solidarische Bereitstellung von Informationen für die Arbeitnehmervertretung in den peripheren Konzernstandorten. Innovativer Gehalt und zahlenmäßiges Wachstum dieser transnationalen Instrumente sind beträchtlich; gemessen an der Dynamik der (Konzern)Globalisierung und den qualitativ veränderten Anforderungen einer transnationalen Arbeits- und Gewerkschaftspolitik bleiben diese Ansätze globaler Arbeitnehmersolidarität insgesamt lückenhaft und in ihrer politischen Reichweite begrenzt." (Autorenreferat)

In the days immediately following the Chernobyl accident in 1986,
agencies within Cumbria, including local authority departments, were met
with an unprecedented range and volume of enquiries which staff were
often ill‐equipped to deal with. In order to minimize the potential for
conflicting advice being given to the public in the event of any future
accident on that scale, a Nuclear Information Plan was prepared.
Describes arrangements which have been exercised in Cumbria for the
collection and dissemination of information concerning a nuclear
accident where no actual radiological countermeasures are required but
where conditions of public alarm have been created.

In 2014 the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child joined forces to produce General Comment No. 31/No. 18. The main objective of this General Comment is to clarify the States parties' obligations regarding the elimination of harmful practices. This publication summarizes the General Comment and outlines approaches on how development cooperation may contribute to the elimination of harmful practices.

Cover -- Title page -- Acknowledgments -- Table of Contents -- Table of Cases -- Table of Instruments -- Abbreviations -- Frequently Abbreviated Sources -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 In Search of Common Ground -- 1.2 Questions of Demarcation in International Criminal Law -- 1.3 Methodology and Scope -- 1.4 Roadmap -- Part I The Nature of the Crime -- 2 The Nature of International Crimes and Evidentiary Challenges -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Nature of International Crimes: Differentiating Factors -- 2.2.1 Goals of international criminal justice -- 2.2.1.1 Fighting impunity -- 2.2.1.2 Restoring international peace and security -- 2.2.1.3 Preserving the historical record for didactic purposes -- 2.2.2 What to prove -- 2.2.2.1 Crimes of context -- 2.2.2.2 Modes of liability -- 2.2.3 How to prove -- 2.3 Quantity Affects Quality -- 2.3.1 On scope and quantity -- 2.3.2 Enhancing judicial economy -- 2.4 Conclusion -- Part II Factual Demarcation at Case Level -- 3 International Crimes and Case Demarcation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Indictments -- 3.2.1 IMT, IMTFE and Control Council Law No. 10 -- 3.2.2 The contemporary ad hoc and hybrid institutions -- 3.2.3 Bringing charges at the ICC -- 3.3 Case Demarcation: What Is Material? -- 3.3.1 Subsidiary facts and background information -- 3.3.2 Between proof and pleading: patterns of conduct and similar fact evidence -- 3.4 The Specificity of Charges and the Right to Be Put on Notice -- 3.4.1 Notice: preparing a defense -- 3.4.2 Ne bis in idem -- 3.5 Conclusion -- 4 Legal Recharacterization and the Materiality of Facts at the ICC -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Back to Basics: Charges, Facts, and Evidence -- 4.2.1 What is a charge? -- 4.2.2 Facts and circumstances: what is material? -- 4.3 Deciding on Charges: the Role of Regulation 55 -- 4.3.1 Adoption: taking issue -- 4.3.1.1 'Routine functioning'.

How does technology influence international negotiations? This article explores "track-change diplomacy," that is, how diplomats use information and communication technology (ICT) such as word processing software and mobile devices to collaboratively edit and negotiate documents. To analyze the widespread but understudied phenomenon of track-change diplomacy, the article adopts a practice-oriented approach to technology, developing the concept of affordance: the way a tool or technology simultaneously enables and constrains the tasks users can possibly perform with it. The article shows how digital ICT affords shareability, visualization, and immediacy of information, thus shaping the temporality and power dynamics of international negotiations. These three affordances have significant consequences for how states construct and promote national interests; how diplomats reach compromises among a large number of states (as text edits in collective drafting exercises); and how power plays out in international negotiations. Drawing on ethnographic methods, including participant observation of negotiations between the European Union's member states, as well as in-depth interviews, the analysis casts new light on these negotiations, where documents become the site of both semantic and political struggle. Rather than delivering on the technology's promise of keeping track and reinforcing national oversight in negotiations, we argue that track-change diplomacy can in fact lead to a loss of control, challenging existing understandings of diplomacy.