Suchergebnisse

Relevance of the theme: self-injury realization considerably aggravates the somatic, social and psychical condition of the convicted and arrested persons; health and life are devalued. Furthermore, the imprisonment system incurs considerable financial loss. Self-injury consist the largest part of the total traumatism in the imprisonment institutions (48 per cent). There is a need to explore the problems of the self-injured convicted and arrested persons at the imprisonment institutions; to find the causes of such behaviour in order to determine the prevention possibilities by the further researches of this phenomenon. According to the Law on Nursing Practice of the Republic of Lithuania [1] issued in 2001, one of the functions of nursing is to ensure the physical, mental and social care of the healthy and ill persons. Originality of the theme: until now, in the theory and practice of nursing in our country there was no sufficient attention to the mental and social care of the convicted and arrested persons who are a part of the society. There are also no subjective researches or publications on the convicted and arrested persons' self-injury motives. Goal of the thesis: to analyse the motives of self-injury of the convicted and arrested persons. Tasks of the thesis: To analyse the medical statistic data and other documents related to the self-injury in order to assess the dynamics of the phenomenon and to find the factors having the most considerable influence on self-injury of convicted and arrested persons; to research the consultations which are provided to the self-injured persons. Hypothesis: social isolation involves the most frequent motives of self-injury of convicted and arrested persons. Subject of the research: self-injured convicted and arrested persons. 210 respondents from 12 imprisonment institutions took part in the research. Research methods: Analysis of medical statistical data and other medical documents; questionnaire survey (cross-section research). 210 convicted and arrested persons were surveyed. 21 of them needed stationary treatment because of self-injury and were hospitalized at the Hospital of imprisonment institutions (LAVL); and 189 persons were from 11 national imprisonment institutions. Questionnaire survey was carried out in July – August of 2007. The program Microsoft Excel was applied for diagrams and tables' formation as well as program packet SPSS 13.0 for Windows was applied for analysis of research data. Conclusions: 1) Self-injury consist the largest part of the total traumatism in the imprisonment institutions (48 per cents); when new legislation had came into effect, the total number of self-injuries decreased, but the leaders remained the same: Lukiškės TI-K (241, 16,2 % and 185, 34,0 %), Alytus PN (162, 10,9 % and 115, 21,1 %), Pravieniškės 2 PN-AK (188, 12,6 % and 62, 11,3 %); 2) the most influential factors of self-injury of convicted and arrested persons: number of convictions (correlation analysis showed that increase of the number of convictions increases the number of self-injury by 0,822 times); education (secondary – 35,1 per cent, basic – 22,1 per cent, elementary – 19,7 per cent, higher – 0 per cent of respondents); longing for family and friends (45,2 per cent); to little appointments with family and friends (24,3 per cent); improper life conditions (42,4 per cent); odds with employees (32,9 per cent); lack of occupation (work – 31,9 per cent; study – 31,6 per cent); 3) the most frequent motives of self-injury of convicted and arrested persons are the following: attempted suicide (25,7 per cent); rejection by family (21,9 per cent); debts (20,0 per cent); 4) only 56,94 per cent of self-injured were consulted by specialist. Of them: 30,6 per cent who attempted suicide and 12,4 per cent attempted self-injure. This fact shows that the self-injury prevention basis is weak; 5) the hypothesis of the thesis was confirmed.

Relevance of the theme: self-injury realization considerably aggravates the somatic, social and psychical condition of the convicted and arrested persons; health and life are devalued. Furthermore, the imprisonment system incurs considerable financial loss. Self-injury consist the largest part of the total traumatism in the imprisonment institutions (48 per cent). There is a need to explore the problems of the self-injured convicted and arrested persons at the imprisonment institutions; to find the causes of such behaviour in order to determine the prevention possibilities by the further researches of this phenomenon. According to the Law on Nursing Practice of the Republic of Lithuania [1] issued in 2001, one of the functions of nursing is to ensure the physical, mental and social care of the healthy and ill persons. Originality of the theme: until now, in the theory and practice of nursing in our country there was no sufficient attention to the mental and social care of the convicted and arrested persons who are a part of the society. There are also no subjective researches or publications on the convicted and arrested persons' self-injury motives. Goal of the thesis: to analyse the motives of self-injury of the convicted and arrested persons. Tasks of the thesis: To analyse the medical statistic data and other documents related to the self-injury in order to assess the dynamics of the phenomenon and to find the factors having the most considerable influence on self-injury of convicted and arrested persons; to research the consultations which are provided to the self-injured persons. Hypothesis: social isolation involves the most frequent motives of self-injury of convicted and arrested persons. Subject of the research: self-injured convicted and arrested persons. 210 respondents from 12 imprisonment institutions took part in the research. Research methods: Analysis of medical statistical data and other medical documents; questionnaire survey (cross-section research). 210 convicted and arrested persons were surveyed. 21 of them needed stationary treatment because of self-injury and were hospitalized at the Hospital of imprisonment institutions (LAVL); and 189 persons were from 11 national imprisonment institutions. Questionnaire survey was carried out in July – August of 2007. The program Microsoft Excel was applied for diagrams and tables' formation as well as program packet SPSS 13.0 for Windows was applied for analysis of research data. Conclusions: 1) Self-injury consist the largest part of the total traumatism in the imprisonment institutions (48 per cents); when new legislation had came into effect, the total number of self-injuries decreased, but the leaders remained the same: Lukiškės TI-K (241, 16,2 % and 185, 34,0 %), Alytus PN (162, 10,9 % and 115, 21,1 %), Pravieniškės 2 PN-AK (188, 12,6 % and 62, 11,3 %); 2) the most influential factors of self-injury of convicted and arrested persons: number of convictions (correlation analysis showed that increase of the number of convictions increases the number of self-injury by 0,822 times); education (secondary – 35,1 per cent, basic – 22,1 per cent, elementary – 19,7 per cent, higher – 0 per cent of respondents); longing for family and friends (45,2 per cent); to little appointments with family and friends (24,3 per cent); improper life conditions (42,4 per cent); odds with employees (32,9 per cent); lack of occupation (work – 31,9 per cent; study – 31,6 per cent); 3) the most frequent motives of self-injury of convicted and arrested persons are the following: attempted suicide (25,7 per cent); rejection by family (21,9 per cent); debts (20,0 per cent); 4) only 56,94 per cent of self-injured were consulted by specialist. Of them: 30,6 per cent who attempted suicide and 12,4 per cent attempted self-injure. This fact shows that the self-injury prevention basis is weak; 5) the hypothesis of the thesis was confirmed.

The present Master degree thesis analyses grave injury to person's health, which incurs criminal liability foreseen in Article 135 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania. In order to present a comprehensive study of the theme concerned, attention is also given to the analysis of the grave injury to person's health by focusing on such elements as the conception health, the concept of injury to health, and the system of offences related with inflicting grave injury established in the currently effective Criminal Code. These elements, however, are not sufficient for the definition of a crime causing grave injury to person's health, therefore attention is also given to the separate types of grave injury to person's health and the tendencies in the regulation of this crime in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Lithuania in various historic periods of Lithuania. A particular attention of the study is given to the elements comprising grave injury to person's health and the disclosure of the defining features of this offence. The work also includes a comparative analysis of the specifics of regulation of grievous bodily harm in the criminal legislation of such countries as Russia, Sweden, Latvia and France.

The present Master degree thesis analyses grave injury to person's health, which incurs criminal liability foreseen in Article 135 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania. In order to present a comprehensive study of the theme concerned, attention is also given to the analysis of the grave injury to person's health by focusing on such elements as the conception health, the concept of injury to health, and the system of offences related with inflicting grave injury established in the currently effective Criminal Code. These elements, however, are not sufficient for the definition of a crime causing grave injury to person's health, therefore attention is also given to the separate types of grave injury to person's health and the tendencies in the regulation of this crime in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Lithuania in various historic periods of Lithuania. A particular attention of the study is given to the elements comprising grave injury to person's health and the disclosure of the defining features of this offence. The work also includes a comparative analysis of the specifics of regulation of grievous bodily harm in the criminal legislation of such countries as Russia, Sweden, Latvia and France.

The present Master degree thesis analyses grave injury to person's health, which incurs criminal liability foreseen in Article 135 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania. In order to present a comprehensive study of the theme concerned, attention is also given to the analysis of the grave injury to person's health by focusing on such elements as the conception health, the concept of injury to health, and the system of offences related with inflicting grave injury established in the currently effective Criminal Code. These elements, however, are not sufficient for the definition of a crime causing grave injury to person's health, therefore attention is also given to the separate types of grave injury to person's health and the tendencies in the regulation of this crime in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Lithuania in various historic periods of Lithuania. A particular attention of the study is given to the elements comprising grave injury to person's health and the disclosure of the defining features of this offence. The work also includes a comparative analysis of the specifics of regulation of grievous bodily harm in the criminal legislation of such countries as Russia, Sweden, Latvia and France.

The present Master degree thesis analyses grave injury to person's health, which incurs criminal liability foreseen in Article 135 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania. In order to present a comprehensive study of the theme concerned, attention is also given to the analysis of the grave injury to person's health by focusing on such elements as the conception health, the concept of injury to health, and the system of offences related with inflicting grave injury established in the currently effective Criminal Code. These elements, however, are not sufficient for the definition of a crime causing grave injury to person's health, therefore attention is also given to the separate types of grave injury to person's health and the tendencies in the regulation of this crime in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Lithuania in various historic periods of Lithuania. A particular attention of the study is given to the elements comprising grave injury to person's health and the disclosure of the defining features of this offence. The work also includes a comparative analysis of the specifics of regulation of grievous bodily harm in the criminal legislation of such countries as Russia, Sweden, Latvia and France.

Damage to the employee's disability or other damage to health or the victim's death both in Lithuania and Poland rewarded in several different ways, which is regulated by public and private law. Master at work compared to the above-mentioned members of the European Union, its neighbors, the total content of the law and the history of the employee's health damage caused by the system, these advantages and disadvantages of the criteria. Employee health damage caused by the system in Lithuania and Poland have different ways to redress the alternative (complex): in particular, for damages is decided on the basis of public law mis-occupational accidents or occupational illness through social insurance, and after the damage of the non-remunerated may be remunerated on the basis of the employer's liability or civil liability rules. Master's work of comparative analysis carried out in the employee's health and lives of damage caused by Lithuania and Poland, the state social insurance investigation, the legislation regulating social security of those countries in the participants, the health damage caused by the employee's compensation terms, these terms differences and similarities. Analysis of employer liability in place of compensation system in Lithuania and Poland, the legislation of the employer's liability in terms of content, the content representing the criteria in their treatment of the differences and similarities of Lithuania and Poland the right sources, and the judicial practice in these countries. Basic concepts: accidents at work of social security participants, accident, event of accidents at work in social insurance provided by types of compensation, employer's liability conditions, economic and moral damage.

Damage to the employee's disability or other damage to health or the victim's death both in Lithuania and Poland rewarded in several different ways, which is regulated by public and private law. Master at work compared to the above-mentioned members of the European Union, its neighbors, the total content of the law and the history of the employee's health damage caused by the system, these advantages and disadvantages of the criteria. Employee health damage caused by the system in Lithuania and Poland have different ways to redress the alternative (complex): in particular, for damages is decided on the basis of public law mis-occupational accidents or occupational illness through social insurance, and after the damage of the non-remunerated may be remunerated on the basis of the employer's liability or civil liability rules. Master's work of comparative analysis carried out in the employee's health and lives of damage caused by Lithuania and Poland, the state social insurance investigation, the legislation regulating social security of those countries in the participants, the health damage caused by the employee's compensation terms, these terms differences and similarities. Analysis of employer liability in place of compensation system in Lithuania and Poland, the legislation of the employer's liability in terms of content, the content representing the criteria in their treatment of the differences and similarities of Lithuania and Poland the right sources, and the judicial practice in these countries. Basic concepts: accidents at work of social security participants, accident, event of accidents at work in social insurance provided by types of compensation, employer's liability conditions, economic and moral damage.

Trauma is the main cause of death in paediatric population worldwide. Lithuania has the highest trauma-related mortality in the European Union (EU). Lithuanian standardised injury death rate is 150.9 per 100000 inhabitants while in comparison the mean standardised injury death rate in the EU is 41.4, and the lowest one is in the Netherlands (26.4 injury death rate per 100000 inhabitants). The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of pre-hospital and in-hospital emergent trauma care on severe pediatric trauma outcomes, performing a prospective observational clinical trial in the Vilnius University Children's Hospital and Vilnius Pre-hospital Emergency Service Center. Trauma registry fields were defined in details and validated during this study. The recommended quality indicators were defined and used for pre-hospital pediatric trauma care and in-hospital emergent management evaluation. The study results showed that the level of pre-hospital care is associated statistically significantly with trauma outcomes: higher pre-hospital care level caused better trauma outcome assessed according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The longer time until the first key emergency intervention in hospital was associated statistically significantly with the worse trauma outcomes. Calculation of the Probability of survival (Ps) according to Trauma Score Injury Severity Score model (TRISS) revealed unexpected death (Ps > 50 %) rate 74%. The reasons for fatal outcome in the patient group with the survival probability over 50% should be further investigated.

Trauma is the main cause of death in paediatric population worldwide. Lithuania has the highest trauma-related mortality in the European Union (EU). Lithuanian standardised injury death rate is 150.9 per 100000 inhabitants while in comparison the mean standardised injury death rate in the EU is 41.4, and the lowest one is in the Netherlands (26.4 injury death rate per 100000 inhabitants). The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of pre-hospital and in-hospital emergent trauma care on severe pediatric trauma outcomes, performing a prospective observational clinical trial in the Vilnius University Children's Hospital and Vilnius Pre-hospital Emergency Service Center. Trauma registry fields were defined in details and validated during this study. The recommended quality indicators were defined and used for pre-hospital pediatric trauma care and in-hospital emergent management evaluation. The study results showed that the level of pre-hospital care is associated statistically significantly with trauma outcomes: higher pre-hospital care level caused better trauma outcome assessed according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The longer time until the first key emergency intervention in hospital was associated statistically significantly with the worse trauma outcomes. Calculation of the Probability of survival (Ps) according to Trauma Score Injury Severity Score model (TRISS) revealed unexpected death (Ps > 50 %) rate 74%. The reasons for fatal outcome in the patient group with the survival probability over 50% should be further investigated.

Trauma is the main cause of death in paediatric population worldwide. Lithuania has the highest trauma-related mortality in the European Union (EU). Lithuanian standardised injury death rate is 150.9 per 100000 inhabitants while in comparison the mean standardised injury death rate in the EU is 41.4, and the lowest one is in the Netherlands (26.4 injury death rate per 100000 inhabitants). The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of pre-hospital and in-hospital emergent trauma care on severe pediatric trauma outcomes, performing a prospective observational clinical trial in the Vilnius University Children's Hospital and Vilnius Pre-hospital Emergency Service Center. Trauma registry fields were defined in details and validated during this study. The recommended quality indicators were defined and used for pre-hospital pediatric trauma care and in-hospital emergent management evaluation. The study results showed that the level of pre-hospital care is associated statistically significantly with trauma outcomes: higher pre-hospital care level caused better trauma outcome assessed according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The longer time until the first key emergency intervention in hospital was associated statistically significantly with the worse trauma outcomes. Calculation of the Probability of survival (Ps) according to Trauma Score Injury Severity Score model (TRISS) revealed unexpected death (Ps > 50 %) rate 74%. The reasons for fatal outcome in the patient group with the survival probability over 50% should be further investigated.

Trauma is the main cause of death in paediatric population worldwide. Lithuania has the highest trauma-related mortality in the European Union (EU). Lithuanian standardised injury death rate is 150.9 per 100000 inhabitants while in comparison the mean standardised injury death rate in the EU is 41.4, and the lowest one is in the Netherlands (26.4 injury death rate per 100000 inhabitants). The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of pre-hospital and in-hospital emergent trauma care on severe pediatric trauma outcomes, performing a prospective observational clinical trial in the Vilnius University Children's Hospital and Vilnius Pre-hospital Emergency Service Center. Trauma registry fields were defined in details and validated during this study. The recommended quality indicators were defined and used for pre-hospital pediatric trauma care and in-hospital emergent management evaluation. The study results showed that the level of pre-hospital care is associated statistically significantly with trauma outcomes: higher pre-hospital care level caused better trauma outcome assessed according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The longer time until the first key emergency intervention in hospital was associated statistically significantly with the worse trauma outcomes. Calculation of the Probability of survival (Ps) according to Trauma Score Injury Severity Score model (TRISS) revealed unexpected death (Ps > 50 %) rate 74%. The reasons for fatal outcome in the patient group with the survival probability over 50% should be further investigated.

Trauma is the main cause of death in paediatric population worldwide. Lithuania has the highest trauma-related mortality in the European Union (EU). Lithuanian standardised injury death rate is 150.9 per 100000 inhabitants while in comparison the mean standardised injury death rate in the EU is 41.4, and the lowest one is in the Netherlands (26.4 injury death rate per 100000 inhabitants). The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of pre-hospital and in-hospital emergent trauma care on severe pediatric trauma outcomes, performing a prospective observational clinical trial in the Vilnius University Children's Hospital and Vilnius Pre-hospital Emergency Service Center. Trauma registry fields were defined in details and validated during this study. The recommended quality indicators were defined and used for pre-hospital pediatric trauma care and in-hospital emergent management evaluation. The study results showed that the level of pre-hospital care is associated statistically significantly with trauma outcomes: higher pre-hospital care level caused better trauma outcome assessed according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The longer time until the first key emergency intervention in hospital was associated statistically significantly with the worse trauma outcomes. Calculation of the Probability of survival (Ps) according to Trauma Score Injury Severity Score model (TRISS) revealed unexpected death (Ps > 50 %) rate 74%. The reasons for fatal outcome in the patient group with the survival probability over 50% should be further investigated.

Trauma is the main cause of death in paediatric population worldwide. Lithuania has the highest trauma-related mortality in the European Union (EU). Lithuanian standardised injury death rate is 150.9 per 100000 inhabitants while in comparison the mean standardised injury death rate in the EU is 41.4, and the lowest one is in the Netherlands (26.4 injury death rate per 100000 inhabitants). The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of pre-hospital and in-hospital emergent trauma care on severe pediatric trauma outcomes, performing a prospective observational clinical trial in the Vilnius University Children's Hospital and Vilnius Pre-hospital Emergency Service Center. Trauma registry fields were defined in details and validated during this study. The recommended quality indicators were defined and used for pre-hospital pediatric trauma care and in-hospital emergent management evaluation. The study results showed that the level of pre-hospital care is associated statistically significantly with trauma outcomes: higher pre-hospital care level caused better trauma outcome assessed according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The longer time until the first key emergency intervention in hospital was associated statistically significantly with the worse trauma outcomes. Calculation of the Probability of survival (Ps) according to Trauma Score Injury Severity Score model (TRISS) revealed unexpected death (Ps > 50 %) rate 74%. The reasons for fatal outcome in the patient group with the survival probability over 50% should be further investigated.

SUMMARY Material liability under labour law, representing a separate type of legal responsibility, includes common and special features of legal responsibility. The paper discusses theoretical conditions for material liability and methods to implement the same. After Lithuania regained independence, new Labour Code and a number of other laws, governing labour relations and material liability, was enacted. The new code provides for conditions for material liability, key principles on application of material liability, introduces a completely new remedy, i.e. indemnification of moral damage based on labour legal relations, as well as compensation of lost income. In analysis of case law of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, when examining cases on material liability for damage through maiming or other injury, or death of the injured party, the paper mainly deals with cases examined in 2005 – 2010. The paper further includes structured information on the rulings delivered by the Supreme Court of Lithuania in determining the limits of material liability on the part of employer, the duties of employer to indemnify the damage to the health of employee by third parties, liability of possessor of a potentially hazardous object for injury, compatibility of legislation in the field of indemnification of damage, and issues on indemnification of moral damage. The analysis of the case law of the Supreme Court of Lithuania in the case categories above is complemented by summary trends and conclusions.