Suchergebnisse

Politischen Parteien kommt eine unverzichtbare Rolle bei der Konsolidierung eines demokratischen politischen Systems zu (Lipset 2000). Sie ermöglichen erst den politischen Wettbewerb, indem sie den Wählern überschaubare personelle und programmatische Alternativen präsentieren und bilden die zentrale Vermittlungsinstanz zwischen den Bürgern und den von ihnen gewählten Repräsentanten. Nach zeitweilig konstatiertem Bedeutungs- und Funktionsverlust von Parteien in alten und neuen Demokratien ist das Pendel heute eher wieder zurückgeschlagen und es wird eher ein Funktionswandel von Parteien festgestellt (von Beyme 2000). In Bezug auf neue und die wenigen alten Demokratien in der so genannten Dritten Welt ist die komparative Forschung zur gesellschaftlichen Anbindung der politischen Parteien, zur Wahrnehmung der ihnen zugeschriebenen Funktionen für das politische System (Interessenartikulation und -aggregation, Rekrutierung politischen Führungspersonals, Regierungsbildung, politische Mobilisierung und Sozialisation), zu ihrer internen Organisation und Finanzierung eher unterentwickelt. Der verfügbaren Literatur kann man entnehmen, dass Parteien in der Dritten Welt stärker personalisierten Charakter haben, daher schwach institutionalisiert, mäßig gesellschaftlich verankert und programmatisch eher verwaschen sind, im Übrigen auch intern nur begrenzt selbst demokratischen Ansprüchen genügen (vgl. etwa den Sammelband von Merkel/ Sandschneider 1997).

The intrusion of management as major referenceof the functioning of our societies, raises thequestion on the de-institutionalization of theinstitution and, as reflection, that of theinstitutionalization of the organization, in a dualevolutionary perspective and directed asunavoidable. The modalities of businessmanagement are placed in effect between theinstitutionalization (caused by the generalization of their practices in the "corporate purposes")and the institutional frame that surrounds them,and understood in their extension in terms ofgovernance. This ambiguity is tied to the vaguedefinition of the institution and the organizationand to their reciprocally problematic location. Thegeneral hypothesis of this text will be theorthogonality (and not the opposition) between"institution" and "organization". It will bereasoned generally from the point of differencesand not from the opposition of both terms basedon three arguments: a political argument, atheoretical argument and an epistemologicalargument. ; La intrusión de la Administración como referencia principal del funcionamiento de nuestras sociedades, plantea el interrogante sobre la desinstitucionalización de la institución y, como reflejo, aquella de la institucionalización de la organización, en una perspectiva evolucionista dual y direccionada como ineludible. Las modalidades de gestión empresarial se sitúan en efecto entre la institucionalización (causada por la generalización de sus prácticas en los «objetos sociales») y el marco institucional que las rodea, incluso en su extensión en términos de gobernanza. Esta ambigüedad está ligada a la vaga definición de la institución y de la organización y a su localización recíprocamente problemática. La hipótesis general de este texto será la ortogonalidad (y no la oposición) entre «institución» y «organización». Se razonará generalmente a partir de las diferencias y no por la oposición de los dos términos á partir de tres argumentos: un argumento político, un argumento teórico y un argumento epistemológico

There are three reasons for promoting mutual building societies: they are less prone than banks to pursue risky speculative activity; a mixed system produces a more stable financial sector; and a stronger mutual sector enhances competition within the financial system. The banking crisis highlighted the importance of retaining diverse models of financial service providers, and while mutuals were affected by the recession, they were not themselves responsible for causing the recession, as were private banks. The UK Government needs to secure a financial return for the failed financial institutions it nationalised and a low level of overall economic risk for the taxpayer. Given a trade-off, the long-run benefits of financial sustainability and reduced risk, plus enhanced competition, need to be given proper weighting compared with any short run gain through a trade sale and the repayment of the government's support. This paper focuses on the case of Northern Rock as the most suitable candidate for remutualisation, and whose disposal is under current consideration, but the analysis applies more widely.

Art as a social action in the public space is becoming more popular in various forms, especially in the digital space, and especially after the recent events that have had an effect on the whole world. However, theatre as art is changing its forms of accessibility not only due to global events but also due to the changing society from various aspects, i.e., psychological, social, economic, political, etc. The article provides a comparative analysis of the concepts of social art actions and performance art, presents the features of social art actions organisation in performance art organisations in Lithuania and abroad, determines the impact of social art action on human health from the psychosocial and spiritual point of view as well as in a community; it also provides a discussion of similarities and differences of performance as not only theatre but also performance art and social art, social art actions as performance art. Moreover, the article analyses how performance is compared to social art performance, how spectator and participant audiences manifest, what inclusion of performance art as a social art action into human spiritual-psychological space provides. The article provides an analysis of how performance art cooperates with performance art organisations.

Art as a social action in the public space is becoming more popular in various forms, especially in the digital space, and especially after the recent events that have had an effect on the whole world. However, theatre as art is changing its forms of accessibility not only due to global events but also due to the changing society from various aspects, i.e., psychological, social, economic, political, etc. The article provides a comparative analysis of the concepts of social art actions and performance art, presents the features of social art actions organisation in performance art organisations in Lithuania and abroad, determines the impact of social art action on human health from the psychosocial and spiritual point of view as well as in a community; it also provides a discussion of similarities and differences of performance as not only theatre but also performance art and social art, social art actions as performance art. Moreover, the article analyses how performance is compared to social art performance, how spectator and participant audiences manifest, what inclusion of performance art as a social art action into human spiritual-psychological space provides. The article provides an analysis of how performance art cooperates with performance art organisations.

Art as a social action in the public space is becoming more popular in various forms, especially in the digital space, and especially after the recent events that have had an effect on the whole world. However, theatre as art is changing its forms of accessibility not only due to global events but also due to the changing society from various aspects, i.e., psychological, social, economic, political, etc. The article provides a comparative analysis of the concepts of social art actions and performance art, presents the features of social art actions organisation in performance art organisations in Lithuania and abroad, determines the impact of social art action on human health from the psychosocial and spiritual point of view as well as in a community; it also provides a discussion of similarities and differences of performance as not only theatre but also performance art and social art, social art actions as performance art. Moreover, the article analyses how performance is compared to social art performance, how spectator and participant audiences manifest, what inclusion of performance art as a social art action into human spiritual-psychological space provides. The article provides an analysis of how performance art cooperates with performance art organisations.

Art as a social action in the public space is becoming more popular in various forms, especially in the digital space, and especially after the recent events that have had an effect on the whole world. However, theatre as art is changing its forms of accessibility not only due to global events but also due to the changing society from various aspects, i.e., psychological, social, economic, political, etc. The article provides a comparative analysis of the concepts of social art actions and performance art, presents the features of social art actions organisation in performance art organisations in Lithuania and abroad, determines the impact of social art action on human health from the psychosocial and spiritual point of view as well as in a community; it also provides a discussion of similarities and differences of performance as not only theatre but also performance art and social art, social art actions as performance art. Moreover, the article analyses how performance is compared to social art performance, how spectator and participant audiences manifest, what inclusion of performance art as a social art action into human spiritual-psychological space provides. The article provides an analysis of how performance art cooperates with performance art organisations.

Art as a social action in the public space is becoming more popular in various forms, especially in the digital space, and especially after the recent events that have had an effect on the whole world. However, theatre as art is changing its forms of accessibility not only due to global events but also due to the changing society from various aspects, i.e., psychological, social, economic, political, etc. The article provides a comparative analysis of the concepts of social art actions and performance art, presents the features of social art actions organisation in performance art organisations in Lithuania and abroad, determines the impact of social art action on human health from the psychosocial and spiritual point of view as well as in a community; it also provides a discussion of similarities and differences of performance as not only theatre but also performance art and social art, social art actions as performance art. Moreover, the article analyses how performance is compared to social art performance, how spectator and participant audiences manifest, what inclusion of performance art as a social art action into human spiritual-psychological space provides. The article provides an analysis of how performance art cooperates with performance art organisations.

Dieses Dokument liegt auch in englischer Sprache vor: Evaluation of the "Carlo-Schmid-Program for internships in international organizations and EU institutions"

"This handbook is founded on a course of lectures on 'Business organisation,' delivered at the London school of economics and political science in the early part of 1909."--Pref. ; Mode of access: Internet.

International audience ; This text is a reflection on the possible links between the theory of social representations and contemporary private and public organisations. After having precisely defined the meaning and scope of the theory of social representations, themes associated with the professional and business worlds will be addressed and dealt with on the basis of this theoretical grid: command and professional groups; representations of work; organisational dogmatism and the treatment of cultural and cognitive divergence; the link between skills assessment practices and the representational dimensions; the relationship between public policies and users; and finally the treatment of organisational change processes. ; Ce texte est une réflexion sur les liens possibles entre la théorie des représentations sociales et les organisations privées et publiques contemporaines. Après avoir défini précisément le sens et la portée de la théorie des représentations sociales, des thèmes associés aux mondes professionnels et des entreprises seront abordés et traités à partir de cette grille théorique: commandement et groupes professionnels; représentations du travail; dogmatisme organisationnel et traitement de la divergence culturelle et cognitive; lien entre les pratiques de bilan de compétences et les dimensions représentationnelles; rapports entre les politiques publiques et les usagers; et enfin le traitement des processus de changement organisationnel.

International audience ; This text is a reflection on the possible links between the theory of social representations and contemporary private and public organisations. After having precisely defined the meaning and scope of the theory of social representations, themes associated with the professional and business worlds will be addressed and dealt with on the basis of this theoretical grid: command and professional groups; representations of work; organisational dogmatism and the treatment of cultural and cognitive divergence; the link between skills assessment practices and the representational dimensions; the relationship between public policies and users; and finally the treatment of organisational change processes. ; Ce texte est une réflexion sur les liens possibles entre la théorie des représentations sociales et les organisations privées et publiques contemporaines. Après avoir défini précisément le sens et la portée de la théorie des représentations sociales, des thèmes associés aux mondes professionnels et des entreprises seront abordés et traités à partir de cette grille théorique: commandement et groupes professionnels; représentations du travail; dogmatisme organisationnel et traitement de la divergence culturelle et cognitive; lien entre les pratiques de bilan de compétences et les dimensions représentationnelles; rapports entre les politiques publiques et les usagers; et enfin le traitement des processus de changement organisationnel.

Der vorliegende Beitrag faßt die wichtigsten Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung zur organisatorischen Eingliederung des Personalressorts in die Unternehmensstruktur zusammen: Nur in einem Drittel der betroffenen Unternehmen wurde erst durch das MitbestG von 1976 ein Personalressort initiiert. In den übrigen Unternehmen war ein Personalressort bereits vor 1976 i m Vorstand etabliert. Dabei liegt der Anteil der Arbeitsdirektoren, die eine ausschließliche Zuständigkeit für das Personalressort haben, bei knapp 30%. Über 70% vertreten in der Geschäftsleitung mindestens ein weiteres Ressort. Auch der Kompetenzbereich der Arbeitsdirektoren im Hinblick auf personalpolitische Aufgaben ist nicht einheitlich. So sind in 100% der befragten Unternehmen die Arbeitsdirektoren für Fragen der Betriebsverfassung zuständig Lediglich 82,5% übertragen ihnen dagegen die Zuständigkeit für Leitende Angestellte. Auch hinsichtlich der Organisation des Personalwesens gibt es erhebliche Unterschiede zwischen den Unternehmen, abhängig von Unternehmensgröße, Branche, Produktionsprogramm und historischen Entwicklungen.

Der Beitrag beleuchtet zunächst die politischen und institutionellen Hintergründe von Veränderungen in der wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung an Hochschulen. Anschließend werden Anlass, Fragestellung und Durchführung der empirischen Untersuchung beschrieben. Danach werden Erfahrungen der Verantwortlichen aus den Präsentationen und Diskussionen der Fallstudien, die als Grundlage für die Konzeption des Themenhefts dienten, erläutert. (DIPF/Bal)

Innovation is widely recognised as an important engine of growth. The underlying approach to innovation has been changing, shifting away from models largely focused on Research and Development (R&D) in knowledge-based globalised economies and giving more emphasis to other major sources of the innovation process. Understanding how organisations build up resources for innovation has thus become a crucial challenge to find new ways of supporting innovation in all areas of activity. This report supports and contributes to this widened approach to innovation analysis and policy by showing the importance of work organisation, interactions within organisations, as well as individual and organisational learning and training for innovation. The analytical tools and empirical results it provides are designed to open the black box of what a learning organisation is, that is, a work organisation supporting innovation through the use of employee autonomy and discretion, supported by learning and training opportunities. ; L'innovation est largement reconnue comme un important moteur de croissance. L'analyse sous-jacente de l'innovation a évolué, s'éloignant de modèles principalement axés sur la recherche et le développement (R & D) dans les économies globalisées et fondées sur la connaissance, pour donner plus d'importance à d'autres sources majeures du processus d'innovation. En effet, comprendre comment les organisations construisent des ressources pour l'innovation est devenu un enjeu crucial afin de soutenir l'innovation dans tous les domaines d'activité.Ce rapport s'inscrit dans cette approche élargie de l'analyse et de des politiques d'innovation en montrant l'importance pour l'innovation de l'organisation du travail, des interactions au sein des organisations, ainsi que l'apprentissage individuel et organisationnel et de la formation. Les outils d'analyse et les résultats empiriques qu'il fournit sont conçus pour ouvrir la boîte noire de ce qu'est une organisation apprenante c'est-à-dire une forme d'organisation qui soutient l'innovation en s'appuyant sur l'autonomie et les marges de manœuvre des salariés renforcées par des opportunités d'apprentissage et de formation.