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This research studies participants' self-repair practices in instant messaging (IM) interactions. IM is an online forum that allows two people to converse with each other through the exchange of text messages. Same turn, self-repair practices in IM are particularly interesting because here the message composition experience is uniquely poised between the written and oral contexts of communication. The composition is private and textual yet it is for an immediate audience. Drawing on the comparative approach used by Drew, Walker and Ogden (2013), the analysis compares the initial and final versions of participants' messages and observes the repair operations they perform (Schegloff, 2013), the technology used to effect the repair and the actions thereby achieved. The data used for this research comprise 15 chats between 30 participants. The initial versions of the messages were recorded using a key logging software and these were compared with the final versions retrieved from the chat logs. A total of 671 messages were analyzed to study the ways in which participants self-repair their messages to design turns that are best suited for particular interactional needs. The analysis suggests that the repair operations that IM participants perform are not very different from their oral counterparts and include replacing, inserting, adding, deleting, aborting, searching and sequence jumping. IM participants engage in such repair to achieve significant actions such as upgrading or downgrading their claims, displaying sensitivity to epistemic authority, searching for the right referent amongst others. Besides issues related to turn design, self-repair in IM is used for another crucial function: to address trouble arising out of sequential placement of messages and to construct messages that are most appropriate for an ever-changing semantic environment.

Despite its worldwide popularity, mobile instant messaging (MIM) as a new mode of interpersonal communication has received scant scholarly attention by far. Drawing upon the notion of "connected presence," this study extends related discussions by exploring the patterns of MIM interaction in the management of close relationships. Focusing on WeChat, the most popular MIM in China, this study presents findings based on interviews with young Chinese as WeChat users. This study finds that WeChat's wide functionality enabled multimodal communication in varying situations. Four modes of WeChat interaction were identified: General information exchange, experience articulation, technical support, and sympathetic companionship. The study also analyzes how user construction attaches social meaning to certain communicative practices on WeChat.

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Information, Communication and Society on 07 Aug 2017, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1350730 ; Mobile instant messaging services (MIMS) are emerging as important digital environments in citizens' everyday lives. We explore the use of MIMS for talking about politics with unique survey data on samples representative of Internet users in Germany, Italy, and the UK. First, we show that robust percentages of our respondents who use MIMS employ them for posting political messages and discussing politics. Second, we demonstrate that political talk on MIMS is positively associated with users' tendency to censor themselves politically on social networking sites (SNS) and, to a lesser extent, with ideological extremism. Third, we find that the association between self-censorship on SNS and the likelihood of publishing political contents on MIMS is stronger for individuals living in former East Germany where, due to historical reasons, large segments of the population are reluctant to talk about politics in public. Our findings suggest that MIMS make a distinctive contribution to contemporary repertoires of political talk, with important implications for the quality and inclusiveness of interpersonal political discussion.

Doing leadership in the virtual realm has now become a routine part of many leaders' daily work, yet our understanding of how leadership is enacted in mediated contexts—especially in text-only channels—is very limited. By applying micro-level analysis to naturally occurring instant message conversations, this article exposes the strategies leaders employ to achieve a range of complex communication goals: to get the work done while fostering informality and collegiality and creating the sense of a real—and not virtual—collaboration between team members. The findings further our understanding in two domains: They provide empirical grounding for e-leadership theories by exposing practices from real-life interactions, and they contribute to discursive leadership literature by addressing nonverbal communication practices. The findings of the article could form the basis for management and leadership training by drawing attention to the linguistic and semiotic resources digital leaders have at their disposal in virtual work environments.

In the high-speed translocal social setting, intergenerational solidarity is arguably weakening in Chinese society. The proposed study adopts an interactionist perspective, using semistructured interviews as well as communicative behavior records provided by interviewees to analyze the interactions between young adults and their geographically distant parents through a mobile instant messaging (MIM) service application. Taking WeChat as a case, this study focuses specifically on the use of MIM to manage and maintain parent–child relationships in a translocal context. Findings confirm the interaction patterns of "connected presence" and further suggest an emerging "panoptic-presence" consciousness among the young adults, leading to a performative mode of interaction with their parents. Meanwhile, though individualism prevails among the younger generation, family values and norms rooted in traditional Chinese culture are found to be both explicitly and implicitly practiced. Limitations and future directions are also discussed.

We propose the Pandora Messaging, an enhanced secure instant messaging architecture which is equipped with a self-message-destructing feature for sensitive personal information applications in a mobile environment along with Multi Key Security Management using Shamirs algorithm. The proposed system will be beneficial for Government officers for communicating very sensitive and confidential messages. We design the Pandora Message Encryption and Exchange Scheme and the format of a self-destructible message to show how to exchange these messages atop the existing instant messaging service architecture. The Pandora Messaging-based system enables senders to set time, frequency, and location constraints. These conditions determine when the transmitted messages should be destructed and thus become unreadable for receivers. https://www.ijiert.org/paper-details?paper_id=140081

Robert ist ein ganz normaler Teenager: Er gehört zu denjenigen, die 15 Stunden am Tag an ihrem Smartphone kleben. Es wird gesnapt, geliked und getweetet, online eingekauft und in einem Shopping-Haul darüber berichtet. Wer bei solchen Begriffen im Dunkeln tappt ist bei "What's App, Mama" an der richtigen Adresse. In seinem Buch nimmt der 16-jährige Autor die Leser mit auf eine Entdeckungsreise in die Welt der Digital Natives. So nennt man nämlich die Jugendlichen von heute, die in die digitale Welt hineingeboren wurden und deren Alltag von der sich rasend schnell entwickelnden Technik bestimmt ist. - Gekonnt berichtet der Experte über Themen wie Social Media, Youtube und andere Kanäle, vergisst dabei aber nicht, auch die Kehrseite der Medaille zu betrachten. Denn auch Mobbing, Sucht, Gewalt und Pornographie sind Themen, die unbedingt angesprochen werden müssen. Ein informatives Buch für Eltern oder andere Interessierte, das auch ein bisschen die Angst vor der digitalen Welt nimmt… (Stiftung Lesen, Mediendatenbank) . - Alter ab ca. 14 Jahre

Over the last decade, text messages have become one of most popular forms of communication. A diverse array of software to enable the exchange of text messages has been developed and deployed on computers and smart phones which is one of reasons for the increased use of text messages for communication purposes. However, there are several disadvantages for communicators when using text messages. For example, in the text-chat environment, there is a lack of trust between communicators (Bos et al., 2002) and communicators may face a high cognitive load (Thirunarayanan et al., 2002). Therefore, we conducted several studies to improve communication between people in the text-chat environment where important elements for communication, such as facial expressions, do not exist. We examined various data collected from people with different levels of interpersonal trust and cognitive load, including chat contents (e.g., the number of assent words used), mouse movements (e.g., distance travelled by the mouse) and physiological signals (skin response). These data proved to be useful indicators for measuring the level of trust of the communicators and the cognitive load to which the communicators were exposed. These findings have implications for enhancing the communication and relationships between communicators in a text-chat environment and will assist system developers to design applications to measure the conditions the communicators are under when they use the text-chat environment to complete tasks in a business or government context and provide them with suitable assistance.In addition to using the previously mentioned data to measure trust and cognitive load, we further examined the text-chat environment by allowing communicators to see the actions of their partners in real time when they were trying to solve tasks. Our results show that when communicators are able to see the behaviors of their partners when they chat in the text-chat environment while completing tasks, it improves the level of interpersonal trust between them. Finally, in this thesis, we examined the effects of cooperation and cognitive load on interpersonal trust. The findings show that trust is significantly improved between communicators in the text-chat environment when the communicators act in a cooperative way and when they are under a low cognitive load.

"Why Are You Always on the Phone? SMART Skills with the Smartphone Generation is a revelation and an actual depiction of what goes on in the everyday lives of youth who are connected and are online most of the time either via their smartphone or their iPad. Many a time, parents of tweens and teenagers from the age of 10 onwards to 18, are curious and are even "tearing their hair out"; frustrated with their child/children's obsession with texting and chatting online 24/7. The challenge then is how we can seek to understand the complexities and nuances of our youth and their connection in the 21st-century technologically driven globalized society. Unraveling this challenge, this book provides powerful insights into the lives of individuals as they grapple with the rise of being connected at any time at any place via their smartphone. Voices from parents, tweens and teens sharing their online experiences and opinions have been weaved and compiled into the text for an honest and interesting read for all. With stories and anecdotes, Why Are You Always on the Phone? serves to answer the questions "Why are you always online?", "What are you doing online?" and a list of queries that most parents, educators and even tweens and teenagers themselves seek to know and are curious about. It is hoped that by answering these, it will prompt deeper, more empathetic, and layered connections between parents, tweens, teenagers and educators for more fulfilling parent-child and teacher-student relationships and thus highlight the importance of practising effective and safe uses of the smartphone and other devices."--Publisher's website.

The Network of Networks i.e. the internet is now a leading global system. This is the interconnected systems and machines and consists of the millions of computers and similar devices, tools, and machines. Millions of computers normally connected in this system from the wider and diverse field which includes the private, public, academic, business and also governmental and healthcare segment. Initially, internet was mainly used for the communicating each and sharing of files, documents and for email. Gradually with the advancement of the internet service providers and healthy innovations, many new internet services have emerged. This is a conceptual paper which is talks about the internet; its foundation, its characteristics and mainly about the emerging services. Among these services, few important are VoIP, Internet TV, Internet Fax, Instant Messaging and so on.

The paper addresses the multiplatform app "WhatsApp Messenger" and their use of online instant messaging and voice calls to smartphones. In Distance Education, Federal University of Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), this application has been used as a communication mobility strategic mobile since the management of courses and programs offered in 16 classroom support poles are located Board headquarters of large distances Educational Technology (DTE) that manages the undergraduate courses in distance education through the System Open University of Brazil (UAB). The UFT through its Board of distance education has 5 undergraduate courses with an enrollment of 1,273 students divided into 52 classes. The implementation of online communication group of distance education managers in the App WhatsApp and its interface with teachers, poles coordinators, directors of the campuses has made communication and managers DL ubiquitous. A redefinition of communicating characterized by the multidimensionality of the indivisible space of your hypermobility, that is, their physical mobility expanded by mobile devices, as in the case of WhatsApp. Its theoretical approach results from studies and research in the Stricto SensuPostgraduate Program in Education PPGE/UFT.

Suchmaschinen, Netzwerk- und Multimediaplattformen sowie Instant-Messaging-Dienste sind wesentliche Elemente des Kommunikations- und Informationsverhaltens online. Sie fungieren als Intermediäre, weil sie ihren Nutzerinnen und Nutzern Inhalte aus zahlreichen unterschiedlichen Quellen erschließen, unter Zuhilfenahme von Algorithmen filtern und zu personalisierten Informationsangeboten bündeln. Aus Nutzersicht unterstützen sie neben dem Informationsmanagement im engeren Sinne auch weitergehende Praktiken des Identitäts- und Beziehungsmanagements. Online-Intermediäre tragen damit wesentlich zum gegenwärtig beobachtbaren Wandel von Öffentlichkeit bei, doch die resultierenden Folgen für die Meinungsbildung zu gesellschaftlich relevanten Themen sind bislang nicht hinreichend untersucht und verstanden. Im Auftrag der Medienanstalten wurde eine qualitative Studie durchgeführt, die die Relevanz von Intermediären sowie die mit ihnen verbundenen Praktiken der informationsorientierten Nutzung ermitteln sollte.