In recent years the European Union has experienced an unprecedented influx of refugees and asylum seekers that has continued up until now. This issue is relevant to Lithuania as well, since the country has committed to host 1105 asylum seekers from Greece and Turkey, and their successful integration to large extent depends on legislation adopted by the Government. The present article analyses the concept of the international asylum law and the peculiarities of legal regulation of the refugee integration system in Lithuania. Both the analysis of legislative documents and experience in working with refugees has disclosed a gap between the existing theoretical system and its implementation in practice. The author discloses the problems of the refugee integration, when regulation of the social relationships is required; however there is no relevant legal norm that could be applicable in a particular case. The article also discusses the priorities and regulatory documents of the Lithuanian policy on integration; however the main focus is made on the theoretical analysis of the Description of the Procedure for Providing State Support for the Refugee Integration and – referring to the practical experience – on insights into its implementation measures. The analysis has disclosed that implementation of the refugee integration measures is hindered due to lack of a long-term policy on the refugee integration in Lithuania, lack of collaboration between the state and private sector and prevalent negative attitudes in the society; the above factors result in loss of interrelation between the legal norms and the social relationships that are to be regulated.
In recent years the European Union has experienced an unprecedented influx of refugees and asylum seekers that has continued up until now. This issue is relevant to Lithuania as well, since the country has committed to host 1105 asylum seekers from Greece and Turkey, and their successful integration to large extent depends on legislation adopted by the Government. The present article analyses the concept of the international asylum law and the peculiarities of legal regulation of the refugee integration system in Lithuania. Both the analysis of legislative documents and experience in working with refugees has disclosed a gap between the existing theoretical system and its implementation in practice. The author discloses the problems of the refugee integration, when regulation of the social relationships is required; however there is no relevant legal norm that could be applicable in a particular case. The article also discusses the priorities and regulatory documents of the Lithuanian policy on integration; however the main focus is made on the theoretical analysis of the Description of the Procedure for Providing State Support for the Refugee Integration and – referring to the practical experience – on insights into its implementation measures. The analysis has disclosed that implementation of the refugee integration measures is hindered due to lack of a long-term policy on the refugee integration in Lithuania, lack of collaboration between the state and private sector and prevalent negative attitudes in the society; the above factors result in loss of interrelation between the legal norms and the social relationships that are to be regulated.
In recent years the European Union has experienced an unprecedented influx of refugees and asylum seekers that has continued up until now. This issue is relevant to Lithuania as well, since the country has committed to host 1105 asylum seekers from Greece and Turkey, and their successful integration to large extent depends on legislation adopted by the Government. The present article analyses the concept of the international asylum law and the peculiarities of legal regulation of the refugee integration system in Lithuania. Both the analysis of legislative documents and experience in working with refugees has disclosed a gap between the existing theoretical system and its implementation in practice. The author discloses the problems of the refugee integration, when regulation of the social relationships is required; however there is no relevant legal norm that could be applicable in a particular case. The article also discusses the priorities and regulatory documents of the Lithuanian policy on integration; however the main focus is made on the theoretical analysis of the Description of the Procedure for Providing State Support for the Refugee Integration and – referring to the practical experience – on insights into its implementation measures. The analysis has disclosed that implementation of the refugee integration measures is hindered due to lack of a long-term policy on the refugee integration in Lithuania, lack of collaboration between the state and private sector and prevalent negative attitudes in the society; the above factors result in loss of interrelation between the legal norms and the social relationships that are to be regulated.
In recent years the European Union has experienced an unprecedented influx of refugees and asylum seekers that has continued up until now. This issue is relevant to Lithuania as well, since the country has committed to host 1105 asylum seekers from Greece and Turkey, and their successful integration to large extent depends on legislation adopted by the Government. The present article analyses the concept of the international asylum law and the peculiarities of legal regulation of the refugee integration system in Lithuania. Both the analysis of legislative documents and experience in working with refugees has disclosed a gap between the existing theoretical system and its implementation in practice. The author discloses the problems of the refugee integration, when regulation of the social relationships is required; however there is no relevant legal norm that could be applicable in a particular case. The article also discusses the priorities and regulatory documents of the Lithuanian policy on integration; however the main focus is made on the theoretical analysis of the Description of the Procedure for Providing State Support for the Refugee Integration and – referring to the practical experience – on insights into its implementation measures. The analysis has disclosed that implementation of the refugee integration measures is hindered due to lack of a long-term policy on the refugee integration in Lithuania, lack of collaboration between the state and private sector and prevalent negative attitudes in the society; the above factors result in loss of interrelation between the legal norms and the social relationships that are to be regulated.
Master thesis on electronic government administration topic is of interest for Lithuania and other less advanced countries in the context of e-government because due to the rapid development and growth of information technologies it is inevitable that habits and needs of society are changing as well. As Lithuania is gradually becoming a knowledge society, the changes in administration of governing bodies are also very important. Although government is limited by its financial sources, the development in quantity levels will promote with bigger, even exponential, expences on investment due to the adopting of qualitative criteria. This makes it very important to adopt qualitative factors on time. This topic is analized seldomly in the context of Lithuania. Refering to the experience of other countries that lead in the quality e-government services, it is possible for Lithuania to quickly achieve benefits for its own needs such as involving citizens into e-government and e-democracy processes, efective enactment and relevant decrease in costs.
Master thesis on electronic government administration topic is of interest for Lithuania and other less advanced countries in the context of e-government because due to the rapid development and growth of information technologies it is inevitable that habits and needs of society are changing as well. As Lithuania is gradually becoming a knowledge society, the changes in administration of governing bodies are also very important. Although government is limited by its financial sources, the development in quantity levels will promote with bigger, even exponential, expences on investment due to the adopting of qualitative criteria. This makes it very important to adopt qualitative factors on time. This topic is analized seldomly in the context of Lithuania. Refering to the experience of other countries that lead in the quality e-government services, it is possible for Lithuania to quickly achieve benefits for its own needs such as involving citizens into e-government and e-democracy processes, efective enactment and relevant decrease in costs.
Approximately nine million of Romanies live in Europe. European Union states that Romanies are the most vulnerable and deprived of the civil rights nation in Europe. The rationale for vulnerability and deprivation is poor integration to society, poverty, lack of suitable education, social isolation and racist stereotypes, negative attitude in society which obstruct Romanies to seek employment besides there is poor juridical security. Problematic situation of Romanies stays in social Lithuania's outlook not for the first year. The main problems that Romanies encounter in Lithuania are in employment, residence, education, health fields or accessibility of public services and those which were identified in "The Integration Program of Romany into Lithuanian Society for 2000-2004" still remain. In our society Romanies are identified as problematic group rather than regarded as distinct nation's members. Influential persons of Romanies community often remain invisible and there is no identifiable leader. At the present time the discourse of social integration politics demands more comprehensive definition of Romanies topic. Therefore, it is very important to define and accentuate underlying factors that cause implementation and relevance of Romanies policy. The goal of this study was determined by relevance of Romanies education, which may have influence to the groups' integration. The predominant intention of this study is to analyze social integration and difficulties in educational system of Romanies ethnical group. The goal of research is to evaluate the peculiarity of integration and situation in education system of Romanies living in the city of Vilnius. The methodology of research – qualitative research, half-structured interview with Romany nationality persons and experts. There were 20 interviews made with respondents of the target group: Romany nationality representatives (adults) living in the city of Vilnius – 14 interviews; professionals, experts and specialists from various fields who directly or indirectly face Romany people in their work field – 6 interviews. The research took place in the city of Vilnius in January – February, 2007. The study contains of introduction, four chapters, conclusion and accessories. First chapter is designed for situation review of Romanies living in Lithuania. It contains the statistical population data, education of Romanies, participation in the labor market. Previous concerns are analyzed with intention to get a better view about Romany people as an ethnic minority in Lithuania and main aspects determining their social exclusion in society are discussed. Second chapter represents theoretical view of the ethnical groups concept, stratification, the concept of integration in sociological theories, theoretical presuppositions of social integration, also there is empirical data provided to allow identify the differences and problems of Romanies integration. Third chapter contains qualitative research findings and insights of Romany society representatives, their inclusions to educational initiatives and association with problems arising due to their ethnical background. Each chapter is concluded in a partial generalization. Represented research is related to theory in the entire study.
Approximately nine million of Romanies live in Europe. European Union states that Romanies are the most vulnerable and deprived of the civil rights nation in Europe. The rationale for vulnerability and deprivation is poor integration to society, poverty, lack of suitable education, social isolation and racist stereotypes, negative attitude in society which obstruct Romanies to seek employment besides there is poor juridical security. Problematic situation of Romanies stays in social Lithuania's outlook not for the first year. The main problems that Romanies encounter in Lithuania are in employment, residence, education, health fields or accessibility of public services and those which were identified in "The Integration Program of Romany into Lithuanian Society for 2000-2004" still remain. In our society Romanies are identified as problematic group rather than regarded as distinct nation's members. Influential persons of Romanies community often remain invisible and there is no identifiable leader. At the present time the discourse of social integration politics demands more comprehensive definition of Romanies topic. Therefore, it is very important to define and accentuate underlying factors that cause implementation and relevance of Romanies policy. The goal of this study was determined by relevance of Romanies education, which may have influence to the groups' integration. The predominant intention of this study is to analyze social integration and difficulties in educational system of Romanies ethnical group. The goal of research is to evaluate the peculiarity of integration and situation in education system of Romanies living in the city of Vilnius. The methodology of research – qualitative research, half-structured interview with Romany nationality persons and experts. There were 20 interviews made with respondents of the target group: Romany nationality representatives (adults) living in the city of Vilnius – 14 interviews; professionals, experts and specialists from various fields who directly or indirectly face Romany people in their work field – 6 interviews. The research took place in the city of Vilnius in January – February, 2007. The study contains of introduction, four chapters, conclusion and accessories. First chapter is designed for situation review of Romanies living in Lithuania. It contains the statistical population data, education of Romanies, participation in the labor market. Previous concerns are analyzed with intention to get a better view about Romany people as an ethnic minority in Lithuania and main aspects determining their social exclusion in society are discussed. Second chapter represents theoretical view of the ethnical groups concept, stratification, the concept of integration in sociological theories, theoretical presuppositions of social integration, also there is empirical data provided to allow identify the differences and problems of Romanies integration. Third chapter contains qualitative research findings and insights of Romany society representatives, their inclusions to educational initiatives and association with problems arising due to their ethnical background. Each chapter is concluded in a partial generalization. Represented research is related to theory in the entire study.
The problems of socialization and social integration of the contemporary young generation are analysed in the article. Insufficient learning motivation, dissatisfaction in current school life and refusing to go to school, inability to make rational plans for future (learning, career, family, etc.), finding ways how to realize them, and finding ways of socially acceptable living are the topics which are of high importance in many modern countries and in Lithuania too. The aim of the research was to enclose the main methodological premises enabling to optimize current development of human resources in many societies of today. The role of the educational system in the process of socialization is under discussion: could it be in action in future as before, and if the answer is "yes", how it should be developed for more efficient performance? It is decided that we do not have enough personal and social courage and methods for creation of absolutely new system of education up to now. In such case we discuss only about some innovative ways of thinking and restructuring of the existing educational system. The main conclusions of the presented research are the following: permanent changes in societies call for making new goals and content of the socialization process. The countries under political, economical, cultural and educational transition (as Lithuania is) must find new ways creating closer social cooperation between local, national and global levels and different institutions of education. The system of education should be integrated with the social partners and society's institutions in much more extent. Closer ties should be developed among basic education and vocational education, and school, family, local community and the world of work are expected to form new and more efficient connections. Making new strategies for young generation socialization knowledge of various social and humanitarian sciences should be united in much more extent than it used to be, and contribution of economists and politicians is necessary. There is clear need for youth's socialization research and creating of new social structures based on systematic approach in Lithuania. Forms of international cooperation in establishing new models of youth social mobility and employment are mentioned as potentially productive also.
The problems of socialization and social integration of the contemporary young generation are analysed in the article. Insufficient learning motivation, dissatisfaction in current school life and refusing to go to school, inability to make rational plans for future (learning, career, family, etc.), finding ways how to realize them, and finding ways of socially acceptable living are the topics which are of high importance in many modern countries and in Lithuania too. The aim of the research was to enclose the main methodological premises enabling to optimize current development of human resources in many societies of today. The role of the educational system in the process of socialization is under discussion: could it be in action in future as before, and if the answer is "yes", how it should be developed for more efficient performance? It is decided that we do not have enough personal and social courage and methods for creation of absolutely new system of education up to now. In such case we discuss only about some innovative ways of thinking and restructuring of the existing educational system. The main conclusions of the presented research are the following: permanent changes in societies call for making new goals and content of the socialization process. The countries under political, economical, cultural and educational transition (as Lithuania is) must find new ways creating closer social cooperation between local, national and global levels and different institutions of education. The system of education should be integrated with the social partners and society's institutions in much more extent. Closer ties should be developed among basic education and vocational education, and school, family, local community and the world of work are expected to form new and more efficient connections. Making new strategies for young generation socialization knowledge of various social and humanitarian sciences should be united in much more extent than it used to be, and contribution of economists and politicians is necessary. There is clear need for youth's socialization research and creating of new social structures based on systematic approach in Lithuania. Forms of international cooperation in establishing new models of youth social mobility and employment are mentioned as potentially productive also.
Vilnius University, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science student Andrius Aniulis in his theses briefly overviewed the importance of the integration process in the area of current public economics and politics, however the central focus was placed on the integration process in general education schools. Hence the integration process is not only a global process which is important in the governance of the state,but also it is an important factor which contributes to the formation and the education of the society.The discussions about the value of the integration process in educational system have taken place since ancient times, but they have been very active for the last 50 years. Now It is a common ground that an interdisciplinary (integrated) teaching provides students with a meaningful understanding of individual subjects. After all, life does not consist of separate things, in everyday life you need the knowledge of economics, geography, mathematics etc. for this reason the most successful lessons are those which connect (integrate) two, three or more subjects. In order to reveal the integration process in Lithuanian general education schools one of the most important documents issued by Lithuanian Ministry of Education was analyzed, 'Updated general programs of primary and lower secondary education' (2009). Based on the history of integration process the attempt is made to look at the internal and cross-curricular integration which is taking place in the current schools.To achieve this goal the questionnaire was given to six Lithuanian school teachers and their approach to the expedience of the integrated lessons was examined.The majority of the surveyed teachers are in favor of integrated lessons and see the benefits:the increased student motivation, the increased knowledge and intake rates, etc. The biggest incentive for teachers to prepare for integrated lessons is a perspective that it will increase students' motivation for learning, students will better understand the subject, the micro-climate in class will improve. The main objective of this work is to reveal the possibilities and the impact of intergration on teaching process of two subjects: Mathematics and Geography- . The study includes suggestions on how to conduct such lessons and a short survey in which participated the students. It was discovered that the students clearly welcome the integrated classes. Although the integrated classes require more time, they help the students to prepare properly for the practical activities in the future. After having such lessons students understand that Mathematics can be found in different places, it can be useful and related to the environment in which they are located. Integrated lessons give a different perspective on the integrated subjects, pupils get convinced that theoretical material is the basis for practical activity. In this paper, the most important documents of the education system which ensure the integration process in Lithuanian general education schools, teachers' approach to integrated lessons and suggestions on how to conduct integrated Mathematics and Geography lessons are overviewed. In order to develop their communication skills, students should use the new technologies (computers, multimedia equipment). While learning they should be able to use a variety of sources: different types of dictionaries, the Internet. The teacher is also a member of the student community, a more experienced colleague, who advises, directs the debate and learns together. Only the universal implementation of the integration process can provide good results: improved motivation, broadened understanding of where and how to apply theoretical knowledge. Students who have experienced success in learning, will be able to successfully plan their future life, will be open-minded, more quickly integrate into modern society that is dynamic, changing and affected by various favorable and unfavorable factors for humans.
Vilnius University, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science student Andrius Aniulis in his theses briefly overviewed the importance of the integration process in the area of current public economics and politics, however the central focus was placed on the integration process in general education schools. Hence the integration process is not only a global process which is important in the governance of the state,but also it is an important factor which contributes to the formation and the education of the society.The discussions about the value of the integration process in educational system have taken place since ancient times, but they have been very active for the last 50 years. Now It is a common ground that an interdisciplinary (integrated) teaching provides students with a meaningful understanding of individual subjects. After all, life does not consist of separate things, in everyday life you need the knowledge of economics, geography, mathematics etc. for this reason the most successful lessons are those which connect (integrate) two, three or more subjects. In order to reveal the integration process in Lithuanian general education schools one of the most important documents issued by Lithuanian Ministry of Education was analyzed, 'Updated general programs of primary and lower secondary education' (2009). Based on the history of integration process the attempt is made to look at the internal and cross-curricular integration which is taking place in the current schools.To achieve this goal the questionnaire was given to six Lithuanian school teachers and their approach to the expedience of the integrated lessons was examined.The majority of the surveyed teachers are in favor of integrated lessons and see the benefits:the increased student motivation, the increased knowledge and intake rates, etc. The biggest incentive for teachers to prepare for integrated lessons is a perspective that it will increase students' motivation for learning, students will better understand the subject, the micro-climate in class will improve. The main objective of this work is to reveal the possibilities and the impact of intergration on teaching process of two subjects: Mathematics and Geography- . The study includes suggestions on how to conduct such lessons and a short survey in which participated the students. It was discovered that the students clearly welcome the integrated classes. Although the integrated classes require more time, they help the students to prepare properly for the practical activities in the future. After having such lessons students understand that Mathematics can be found in different places, it can be useful and related to the environment in which they are located. Integrated lessons give a different perspective on the integrated subjects, pupils get convinced that theoretical material is the basis for practical activity. In this paper, the most important documents of the education system which ensure the integration process in Lithuanian general education schools, teachers' approach to integrated lessons and suggestions on how to conduct integrated Mathematics and Geography lessons are overviewed. In order to develop their communication skills, students should use the new technologies (computers, multimedia equipment). While learning they should be able to use a variety of sources: different types of dictionaries, the Internet. The teacher is also a member of the student community, a more experienced colleague, who advises, directs the debate and learns together. Only the universal implementation of the integration process can provide good results: improved motivation, broadened understanding of where and how to apply theoretical knowledge. Students who have experienced success in learning, will be able to successfully plan their future life, will be open-minded, more quickly integrate into modern society that is dynamic, changing and affected by various favorable and unfavorable factors for humans.
Master thesis analyzes Serbian EU integration process, reveals the political and economic status of Serbia. It also examines the situation in Serbia in terms of the political, economic criteria and the ability to take on the obligations of membership. Thesis also compares and analyzes Serbia's public polls researches towards EU integration. The first chapter of the Master thesis describes the research of the EU enlargement and integration genesis, describes the process of new member integration process and conditions, also states and anlyses the specific conditions of membership for Western Balkan countries. The second chapter presents full overview of the political conditions of former Yugoslavia, particular emphasis is placed on the process of disintegration of Yugoslavia, and on the failure of EU to prevent the conflicts in the region. The third chapter examines Serbia's political and economic transformation and ability to apply for EU membership. It also analyzes the position of different governments of Serbia on EU integration process. The last chapter analyzes public opinion on EU integration. The last part of the work analyzes specific conditions given from EU which influences public polls.
Master thesis analyzes Serbian EU integration process, reveals the political and economic status of Serbia. It also examines the situation in Serbia in terms of the political, economic criteria and the ability to take on the obligations of membership. Thesis also compares and analyzes Serbia's public polls researches towards EU integration. The first chapter of the Master thesis describes the research of the EU enlargement and integration genesis, describes the process of new member integration process and conditions, also states and anlyses the specific conditions of membership for Western Balkan countries. The second chapter presents full overview of the political conditions of former Yugoslavia, particular emphasis is placed on the process of disintegration of Yugoslavia, and on the failure of EU to prevent the conflicts in the region. The third chapter examines Serbia's political and economic transformation and ability to apply for EU membership. It also analyzes the position of different governments of Serbia on EU integration process. The last chapter analyzes public opinion on EU integration. The last part of the work analyzes specific conditions given from EU which influences public polls.
Relatively weak interdependence of the states and unwillingness to limit one's sovereignty determines inefficiency of global environmental regimes. This fact forms the main problem of the MA thesis. The MA thesis is based on the presumption that regional cooperation which is determined by the interdependence of the states allows to resolve current issues easier. Certain regions which have intentions to cope with common environmental threats may be especially interested in cooperation and establishment of environmental security complexes. Therefore, cooperation may encourage the further integration. The key question of the MA thesis is when and in what circumstances the environmental threats encourage regional integration? The additional question is what factors restrict the processes of regional cooperation on the basis of the environmental threats? The analytical parts encompass the analysis of cases of Nile and Mekong regions. The object of the research is the regional cooperation and its institutionalized forms, as a consequence of the environmental threats. The aim of the analytical parts of the thesis is to examine whether the environmental threats encourage the regional cooperation on three main conditions: - the environmental threats are regarded as existential issues by the states of the certain region; - cooperation in the environmental field creates an opportunity for the economic development of states; - the regions are influenced by the external actors, which provide a stimulus for environmental cooperation. The answer of the additional question is given a presumption that the national interests and unilateral policy of the states are the key subjects which restrict the processes of environmental cooperation. In order to answer the questions arose and to achieve the purpose of the thesis, the following tasks were set: - to discuss the concept and relevance of the environmental threats, the development of global environmental politics, the efficiency problems of the environmental regimes and the key aspects of the environmental security; - to review the causes of the international conflicts and environmental cooperation as well as integration in the international river basins; - to present the aspects of the regional security complexes' theory which are relevant to the MA thesis; - to distinguish the criteria for the selection of the cases; - to review the historical context of the regions selected for the analysis indicating the cases of dispute between the states of region and estimating the potential of the regional integration; - to discuss and estimate the environmental threats related to the water scarcity in the selected regions; - to analyse the forms of cooperation concerning water scarcity in the selected regions. The research confirms the presumption that regional cooperation is encouraged by the relevance of the environmental threats, the expectations of the economic development of the states and the influence of external actors. The results of the analysis demonstrates that the main factor which restrains the processes of the environmental cooperation is the policy of the most powerful actors related to the national interests in the field of transboundary water management. MA thesis can be significant in grounding, verifying and elaborating the theory of regional security complexes and applying it to the research of the environmental cooperation. The thesis also provides with new insights which specify and complement the academic studies of environmental cooperation. MA thesis is intended to accentuate the whole of essential factors which is necessary for the proceeding of cooperation in anarchical atmosphere. On the other hand, academic literature lack research involving prognostic element which is related to the evaluation of the regional integration's potential. Therefore, the MA thesis is intended to evaluate the perspectives of regional integration in the selected cases.