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Spain (Intellectual Property and Private International Law)
In: https://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/16040/1/pdemiguelasensio-IPandPILSpain2012.pdf
SECTION I: GENERAL OVERVIEW 1. LEGAL SOURCES 1.1. Intellectual Property 1.1.1. International Conventions 1.1.2. EU Law: Approximation of Laws and Community Rights 1.1.3. National Legislation 1.1.4. Institutional Competences 1.2. International Jurisdiction 1.2.1. EU Law: Scope of Application and Grounds of Jurisdiction 1.2.2. International Conventions 1.2.3. National Legislation 1.3. Choice-of-Law 1.3.1. International Conventions 1.3.2. EU Law: Implications of the new Regulations 1.3.3. National Legislation 1.4. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 1.4.1. International Conventions 1.4.2. EU Law 1.4.3. National Legislation 2. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 2.1. International Jurisdiction 2.1.1. Infringement Claims 2.1.2. Contractual Disputes 2.1.3. Exclusive Jurisdiction on Validity of Rights Subject to Registration 2.2. Applicable Law 2.2.1. Infringement of IP Rights 2.2.2. Territoriality and lex loci protectionis 2.2.3. Contracts Relating to Intellectual or Industrial Property Rights 2.3. Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments 2.3.1 Procedural Issues 2.3.2 Grounds for Non-Recognition SECTION II: HYPOTHETICAL CASE STUDIES Case 1. General Special Grounds of Jurisdiction Case 2. Subject-Matter Jurisdiction Case 3. Consolidation of Proceedings Case 4. Choice of Court Case 5. Parallel Proceedings Case 6. Principle of Territoriality (Choice of Law) Case 7. Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights Case 8. Applicable Law to Initial Ownership Case 9. Applicable Law to the Transfer of Rights Agreements Case 10. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Case 11. Provisional Measures and Injunctions
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Objects of intellectual property rights created by artificial intelligence: international legal regulation
In: Cuestiones Políticas, Band 39, Heft 68, S. 505-519
ISSN: 2542-3185
In modern conditions of development of public relations, the creation of objects of intellectual property rights by artificial intelligence is becoming more widespread. With this in mind, it is important to analyze the international legal experience of regulating the use of artificial intelligence as the author of intellectual property, to further borrow it for domestic laws, as well as to pay attention to problematic aspects of such regulation and make proposals to resolve inconsistencies. The study clarifies the international legal regulation of intellectual property rights created by artificial intelligence, as well as analyses the problematic issues of regulation of artificial intelligence by international law and the features of such regulation in Ukraine and presents positions on the development of artificial intelligence systems and prospects, as well as the prospects for its impact on world society.
Intellectual property law in the field of sports: specifics of manifestations and features of legal regulation
In: Cuestiones Políticas, Band 39, Heft 69, S. 530-546
ISSN: 2542-3185
The article aims to explore the relationships that arise with respect to intellectual property rights in sports. The objectives of the article are to establish points of contact between intellectual property law and sports, as well as a detailed analysis of relevant public relations in terms of intellectual property law and sports law. To achieve the objectives of the article, the authors used a number of scientific methods, among which the main methods are analysis, synthesis and comparative-legal method. The authors of the study concluded that modern sport is developing in close intertwining with intellectual property rights, because only in this way can a sports spectacle be conveyed to a wide range of spectators and consumers in a broad sense. In addition, the range of points of contact between intellectual property and sports law is constantly growing and such can now be called not only patents and trademarks in sports, but also copyright, "image" rights, know-how in sports and the like.
Virtual Mediation in the Field of Intellectual Property
In: Cuestiones Políticas; Conflictividad política, pandemia de COVID-19 y nuevos paradigmasConflictividad política, pandemia de COVID-19 y nuevos paradigmas, Band 38, Heft Especial II, S. 500-517
ISSN: 2542-3185
The work aims to analyze the theoretical aspects of the use of information technologies in the mediation process, as well as the aspects of its implementation. The purpose of the investigation is online mediation as a form of resolution of intellectual property disputes. In addition, the topic of study is the social relationships that arise when using information technologies and mediation to resolve civil conflicts in the field of intellectual property. The research methods used in this case are the dialectical method, the generalization method, the comparison method, the analysis method, the synthesis method, the method in administration and the deduction method, the modeling method, and the abstraction method. As a result of the study, conclusions are drawn on the state of online mediation in the real world, the benefits and potential problems of introducing virtual mediation for disputed parties, the need for support for special applications, along with the need for the introduction of online mediation at the state level to a state policy.
Peculiarities of state regulation of intellectual property rights protection
In: Cuestiones políticas, Band 41, Heft 77, S. 94-102
The relevance of the study lies in the fact that in Ukraine under martial law the system of protection of intellectual property rights and mechanisms of its public administration is continuously transformed, which implies a scientific search to identify the problems that exist in this area and the development of effective practical solutions to overcome them. The purpose of the study was to identify the main features and obstacles arising in the implementation of public administration in the field of intellectual property and the implementation of protection of its objects under martial law in Ukraine. The research methods used were general and special legal methods of knowledge. Everything allows to conclude that there is an urgent need to develop new mechanisms of digital security of copyrights and to push forward the creation of blockchain accounting of copyright objects. Similarly, a revision of the approach to the evaluation of objects of intellectual property rights and the determination of the inventive level is needed, as a condition of possibility to adapt the legislation governing the matter to the needs of today's society.
The current state of copyright and intellectual property in the IT field
In: Cuestiones Políticas, Band 39, Heft 71, S. 660-681
ISSN: 2542-3185
Fast improvement of the IT field requires relevant safety of intellectual assets rights. The legal protection of laptop applications, software programs and foreign legal practices is a contentious issue. With the rapid development of the IT sector within the international context, the issues of copyright safety, patenting and non-disclosure of personal data have gained urgency. The research methodology involved the use of methods of analysis and synthesis, logical and system - structural analysis, control methods, structural and functional analysis in combination with the method of case study and the method of content analysis. The article comprehensively analyses the modern perspective of intellectual belongings proper and copyright in IT outsourcing. The scope of unconventional challenges in the sphere of copyright safety inside the area of IT sphere are exemplified using the case of Ukraine. The case addresses opportunities to enhance the regulatory framework for copyright safety of experts engaged in IT outsourcing. It is stressed that the existing legal procedures and methods are slower in responding to changes in the field of IT outsourcing than the world's quickest trends in this sphere.
The determination of the tax base for real property
In: Cahiers de droit fiscal international 76a
Theoretical aspects of recognizing the intellectual property as work for hire
The value of intellectual property is now growing by the day in view of globalization of economic processes and integration of the Russian Federation into the world economy. The need for development of legislation in the field of intellectual property, improvement of legal mechanisms to protect the intellectual deliverables is dictated by a market economy, changes in social relations, as well as the inconsistency of regulatory enforcement, which prevents from proper implementation of the individual's rights in the sphere of intellectual property realization. Over the past decade, the entrepreneurial activity has demonstrated an increase in a number of facts of recognition of the intellectual property created by an employee as work for hire (WFH). Under these procedures, both employers and employees often make mistakes that subsequently lead to such items being non-protectable. The point is that the current legislation has no procedure or criteria to recognize the intellectual property created by employees as WFH. However, failure to observe the procedures regulated by tax legislation when recognizing the results of an employee's intellectual activity as WFH poses a high risk for instituting administrative action against the employer. In this paper, we will try to determine the procedure and criteria for recognizing the results of an employee's intellectual activity as WFH.
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Peculiarities of protection of personal non-property intellectual rights on the internet
In: Cuestiones políticas, Band 41, Heft 78, S. 628-648
Using a documentary analysis method, it examines the legal issues that exist in the field of application and protection of non-proprietary personal intellectual rights on the Internet. The first section examines the legal consequences of the active development of information technologies and their impact on relations in the field of intellectual property. It identifies some issues that arise when placing intellectual property objects on the Internet. The second section of the article provides an overview of approaches to the legal regulation of intellectual property relations under the legislation of Ukraine. The third section highlights the types and features of violations of non-proprietary personal intellectual rights on the Internet, as well as legislative and technical methods of their protection. It is noted that the main types of violations of non-proprietary personal intellectual rights on the Internet are piracy and plagiarism. It is concluded that, among the problems that hinder the adequate protection of intellectual property rights on the Internet, the main ones are the legal uncertainty of many key concepts or their insufficient development and the lack of effective mechanisms for the protection of personal non-property rights.
Innovation IT-Payment Technologies as a Know-how and an Object of Intellectual Property Rights
In: Cuestiones Políticas; Conflictividad política, pandemia de COVID-19 y nuevos paradigmasConflictividad política, pandemia de COVID-19 y nuevos paradigmas, Band 38, Heft Especial II, S. 518-535
ISSN: 2542-3185
The modern society necessitates the introduction of new IT-solutions to meet its needs. With the spread of know-how, the need for its detailed analysis with the further determination of the direction of development. The purpose is to carry out an analysis of the introduction and functioning of know-how, as well as to determine the vectors of its use, taking into account the needs of participants in legal relations arising in this area. The subject of research – information technologies (know-how) as objects of intellectual property rights in their use. The methodological basis consists of the method of analysis, the method of synthesis, the dialectical method, the comparative-legal method, the system method, and the logical-legal method. The result of this work is to identify the importance of the information technologies in everyday life of modern society and the level of popularity of their use, outlining possible vectors of development in the economics in the direction of digitalization and justification of the need to improve the provisions of current legislation within the considered topic, expressing the idea of the direction of innovative information policy in the direction of active use of blockchain and maximum compliance with the protection of personal data of customers.
On the fundamentals of intellectual property ; Sobre los fundamentos de la propiedad intelectual
Summary The discussion on the fundamentals that legitimise intellectual property often focuses on two main approaches: iusnaturalists and utilitarists. The former argue that it is possible to justify ownership of intellectual creation by relying on John Locke's liberal property theory. The latter converge around the so-called "progress clause" and the incentive argument. This work analyses whether or not intellectual property can be justified on the basis of such approaches, concluding that, given the paradoxes identified, these are insufficient. ; Resumen La discusión sobre los fundamentos que legitiman la propiedad intelectual se suele centrar alrededor de dos grandes planteamientos: iusnaturalistas y utilitaristas. Los primeros sostienen que es posible justificar la propiedad sobre la creación intelectual recurriendo a la teoría liberal de la propiedad formulada por John Locke. Los segundos convergen en torno a la llamada "cláusula del progreso" y el argumento de los incentivos. En este trabajo se analiza si es posible o no justificar la propiedad intelectual sobre la base de dichos planteamientos, concluyendo que, dadas las paradojas identificadas, éstos resultan insuficientes.
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The role of intellectual property in the post-war development of the health care sector
In: Cuestiones políticas, Band 41, Heft 78, S. 829-844
Understanding the role and necessity of the use of intellectual property in the field of medicine is the basis for the proper development of this field in the postwar period, as well as for the entire healthcare system. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the impact and prospects of the use of intellectual property in the development of the Ukrainian health sector, post-war. The methodological basis of the work consists of general and special scientific methods: analysis and synthesis, generalization, dialectical, axiological, legal-formal, legal-comparative and structural system. The result of the work shows the necessity of using heterogeneous objects of intellectual property, in particular, those in the field of copyrights and patents, for adequate reform and effective modernization of the health sector. It is concluded that intellectual property is designed not only to ensure the property and non-property interests of the subject of the specified property, but, in addition, is intended to ensure the needs of society in general in the appropriate sphere, where the objects of intellectual property find their concrete application.
The law of intellectual property and its impact on the activity of the libraries ; La ley de propiedad intelectual y su repercusión en la actividad de las bibliotecas
The article analyses the impact of legislation and new technologies on libraries in relation to intellectual property. It also examines the role libraries should play in the management of intellectual property issues as well as publishing alternatives in the academic area (Open Access, repositories). ; Se analizan las repercusiones que la legislación y las nuevas tecnologías tienen en las bibliotecas en relación a la propiedad intelectual. También se examina el papel que han de tener las bibliotecas en la gestión de aspectos de la propiedad intelectual y las opciones alternativas de publicación en el ámbito académico (Open Access, repositorios)
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Intellectual property agreements, ¿Do they bring us closer to development? ; Acuerdos de propiedad intelectual: ¿Nos acercan al desarrollo?
This document makes an analysis of intellectual property from its origins to the chapters in Free Trade Agreements (WIPO-plus), which includes a review of the role of different international organizations concerned with intellectual property, a review of discussions that are at the origin of the WTO inmatters related to intellectual property (TRIPS), an analysis of intellectual property as a market failure. We propose that Intellectual Property has evolved from inexistent protection to rigid legislation that favors the interests of the economies of economic powers. It also suggests that the evolution of the Intellectual Property system contradicts the initial objectives of promoting scientific production, artistic creation and transfer of technology to promote development, turning it into a monopoly of knowledge ; En este documento se analiza la Propiedad Intelectual (PI) desde sus orígenes hasta los capítulos en los Tratados de Libre Comercio (ADPIC-plus), se hace un recuento del papel de diferentes instituciones internacionales relacionadas con la PI, se revisan las discusiones que dieron origen a la OMC en referencia a la PI (ADPIC), se estudia la Propiedad Intelectual como una falla demercado, se plantea que la evolución del sistema de PI contradice los propósitos iniciales de fomentar la producción científica, la creación artística, y la transferencia de tecnología para estimular el desarrollo, convirtiéndose, en cambio, en una herramienta para el monopolio del conocimiento.
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