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Abstract Purpose of the study: This paper examines the span period of time that has passed since when terrorist group, loosely known as Boko Haram otherwise Jama'at ahlus-Sunnah lid-Da'awat wal-Jihad (the people committed to the teaching of Prophet, for provocation and Jihad), launched atrocities against innocent civilians mainly in the dominant Muslim northeast Nigeria as an ostensible process of paving the way for the implementation of Shari'ah law in the country. Methodology: Qualitative data analysis is applied to conduct this research. Books, journals, and research reports compiled on Boko Haram atrocities were consulted as sources of information. The Indo-Nigeria bilateral ties on the economy and intelligence guide this research to the conclusion. Finding: On one side, this study concludes that the fertile ground of the ongoing crisis is championed by the rampant poverty, disparity in the distribution of wealth, and a high rate of illiteracy. While in the other, it finalizes that the long-term experience India has on terrorist-related activities within its territories equip her to develop soft landing-approaches that hold various attacks carried out by the insurgents so much undermined. It nevertheless, finalizes that the alleged relationship between the sect and some top political elites and even some higher-ranking security officers began against a backdrop of faceless insurgents. However, Nigeria's domestic pressures, including poverty, illiteracy, religio-tribalism as well as regional sentimentalism, among other factors that bolster the heavyweight size and bulky of the insurgency in the region. Application: This work is most usefully crucial for both students and readers those that develop an interest in African Studies, International Relations, and Conflict resolution as well. Novelty/Originality: Boko Haram claims that waging war against the current leadership of Nigeria seized by corrupt individuals and forged Muslims is obligatory. As India faces similar threats and thus passes through experience ...

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Chronology -- List of Figures -- Chapter 1: Prologue: Of Spies, Scouts, and Cover -- Chapter 2: Prelude to Conflict and the Embassy Siege -- Chapter 3: War within War -- Chapter 4: Restoring the Peace -- Chapter 5: South Gate -- Chapter 6: The Moon Palace -- Chapter 7: Border Security and Boots on the Ground -- Chapter 8: Six: His Britannic Majesty's Secret Intelligence Service -- Chapter 9: A Place in the Shade -- Chapter 10: Oh So Social -- Chapter 11: Epilogue: The Baghdad Set -- Appendix A: Freya Stark's known covert activities in the Middle East, 1927-1943, compiled from various archival and published sources -- Appendix B: Cover names of OSS-SI agents in Iraq, 1943-1945, compiled from various archival sources -- Appendix C: Covert initiatives targeting Iraq, 1941-1945, compiled from various archival and published sources -- Appendix D: Organization of CICI in Iraq, ca. early 1944 -- Appendix E: Deployment of area liaison officers, other security-intelligence personnel, and political advisers in Iraq, ca. early 1944, according to War Establishment (PAIC/1046/I), KV 4/223, The National Archives -- Appendix F: Revised Charter of the Combined Intelligence Centre Iraq and Persia (CICI), issued on 6 July 1941 -- Unpublished Works -- Auswärtiges Amt (Berlin) [AA] -- Politisches Archiv -- British Library (St Pancras, London) [BL] -- India Office Records -- Bundesarchiv (Berlin-Lichterfelde) [BArch] -- Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) -- Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv (Freiburg im Breisgau) [BArch-MArch] -- Kameradschaft 1. Regiment Brandenburg -- Deutsches Reich (1867/71-1945) -- Reichsmarine -- Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas (Austin, TX) [HRC] -- Freya Stark Collection -- Imperial War Museum (London) [IWM] -- Documents Collection.

Sociological work has mainly focused on the public police in uniform. However, the police have many faces and police activities are ensured by a very branched group of agencies that do not necessarily work in partnership. This book describes in all its complexity the implementation of security and the various facets of the police. It reports methodological problems associated with police studies, especially when we consider the notions of force and police coercion that become ambivalent when we consider the activities of other security producers, such as investigators, intelligence officers and the entire private sector. Drawing on his work with various judicial investigative commissions, the author also discusses plainclothes police and, in particular, the intelligence services and the latest changes in private security. This book is a very useful summary of the latest developments on the police.

"The dramatic story of a man who stood at the center of British intelligence operations, the ultimate spymaster of World War Two: Thomas Kendrick. Thomas Kendrick (1881-1972) was central to the British Secret Service from its beginnings through to the Second World War. Under the guise of "British Passport Officer," he ran spy networks across Europe, facilitated the escape of Austrian Jews, and later went on to set up the "M Room," a listening operation which elicited information of the same significance and scope as Bletchley Park. Yet the work of Kendrick, and its full significance, remains largely unknown. Helen Fry draws on extensive original research to tell the story of this remarkable British intelligence officer. Kendrick's life sheds light on the development of MI6 itself--he was one of the few men to serve Britain across three wars, two of which while working for the British Secret Service. Fry explores the private and public sides of Kendrick, revealing him to be the epitome of the "English gent"--easily able to charm those around him and scrupulously secretive."--

Former CIA Deputy Director of Counterterrorism and FBI Senior Intelligence Adviser Philip Mudd recounts his involvement in the fight against Al Qaeda, revealing how intelligence analysts understand and evaluate potential terror threats and communicate with political leaders.

Purpose
This paper aims to present a categorization scheme and use it to classify Canadian Government (federal and provincial) competitive intelligence (CI) programs and to also look at the impact of these programs on sectoral and regional economic development.


Design/methodology/approach
Based on the author's 25 years of experience designing, running, and studying Canadian Government CI programs, a classification scheme to classify these programs has been developed and used. Also, by using program review information, this paper looks at evidence for program impact on regional and sectoral economic development.


Findings
This paper identifies a broad range of federal and provincially sponsored CI programs aimed at helping both government officers and those outside the department make better decisions. The review identified several roles that the government can play in using CI: creator of CI (both for their own purposes and also for helping Canadian companies), CI environment skills builder (helping Canadian companies develop skills in developing their own CI) and CI partner (working jointly with Canadian companies in developing CI). While there have not been many formal program reviews of the CI programs sponsored by Canadian Government departments and agencies, anecdotal evidence (from training program participant evaluations) and a comprehensive review of a small community CI-based economic development program support positive sectoral and regional economic development results arising from these programs.


Practical implications
CI programs can be used as part of a government's regional and sectoral economic development approach. CI can be used to assist with decision-making both within and outside the government. This paper identifies several different kinds of programs that can be used to further a government's economic development agenda.


Originality/value
There are very few articles that examine how governments have helped companies to develop CI and how they have used CI, and none has looked at the impact of these on regional and sectoral economic development. This paper, based on the author's experiences, provides a view of the Canadian programs and their impact on regional/sectoral economic development.

Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, there has been an increase in public discussion regarding U.S. domestic intelligence activities. Domestic intelligence activities focus on gathering information about potential threats from individuals within the United States, and completely rational members of the public can have different opinions about the acceptability of various alternatives depending on one's values toward privacy, civil liberty, and security. Past studies have demonstrated that construction of a multiobjective value model can help clarify public values in controversial risk debates. This research explores a range of domestic intelligence alternatives that vary on multiple objectives, and applies value‐focused thinking to develop a multiattribute utility model to evaluate and compare the alternatives. The process demonstrates the feasibility of eliciting model parameters from individuals and provides a method for identifying the locus of possible disagreements among individuals. The development of the model is described first, followed by insights found from participants who provided both value tradeoffs and performance scores for six different domestic intelligence alternatives. The participants were two student groups and a group of police officers. The analysis showed differences among weights for an additive model for different stakeholder groups and differences among the performance scores. In particular, there is a "halo" effect for alternatives, such that its supporters ranked the alternative higher on all attributes compared to respondents who find the alternative unacceptable. This modeling approach and results offer organizations such as the Department of Homeland Security insights into the debate surrounding new policy initiatives, particularly those requiring sensitive value tradeoffs.

The Hyper-Enabled Operator (HEO) system is the next-generation Special Forces system that will increase the survivability and lethality of operators by providing the right person with the right information at the right time. This system was originally intended for direct-action operators; however, the need for information is common to many Special Forces jobs, including joint terminal air controllers, helicopter pilots, helicopter crew chiefs, intelligence officers, psyops officers, civil affairs officers, and vehicle drivers. This analysis set out to determine the applicability of HEO technology to these eight different positions. First, the HEO system was analyzed to identify the technologies that will play a role in the system. Stakeholder analysis then provided insights into each job, allowing for the determination of their capability gaps. These capability gaps were then aligned against HEO technology. The analysis revealed that several high-level requirements should be added to the HEO system to make it adaptable across the Special Forces enterprise.

The Imperial Security State explores an important but under-explored dimension of British imperialism - its information system and the close links between military knowledge and the maintenance of empire. James Hevia's innovative study focuses on route books and military reports produced by the British Indian Army military intelligence between 1880 and 1940. He shows that together these formed a renewable and authoritative archive that was used to train intelligence officers, to inform civilian policy makers and to provide vital information to commanders as they approached the battlefield. The strategic, geographical, political and ethnographical knowledge that was gathered not only framed imperial strategies towards colonized areas to the east but also produced the very object of intervention: Asia itself. Finally, the book addresses the long-term impact of the security regime, revealing how elements of British colonial knowledge have continued to influence contemporary tactics of counterinsurgency in twenty-first-century Iraq and Afghanistan

"The riveting third edition of this New York Times bestselling title expands its focus to China, exposes corruption on an international scale, and offers much-needed solutions. Extensively updated, this edition features fourteen new chapters, including a new introduction and conclusion. The book brings the story of economic hit men (EHMs) up-to-date and focuses on China's EHM strategy. EHMs are highly paid professionals who use development loans to cheat countries around the globe out of trillions of dollars and force them to serve US interests. Former economic hit man John Perkins gives an insider view into this system. With a truly global perspective, this book offers powerful revelations on extremely timely elements, including the third economic hit man wave that is sweeping the world and the way China optimizes US EHM models to make them a more dominating force. China's strategy is even more dangerous since it's successful at enticing lower income nations. Perkins also reveals how we can transform what he calls a failing Death Economy into a Life Economy. He encourages China's leaders to apply the Confucian ideal of serving the family to the global community to end the EHM strategy. The book ultimately provides a source of hope and inspires readers to participate in a new era of global cooperation"--

Important assessments of events and activities relating to military, terrorist and hybrid adversaries and the intentions of foreign governments, are made every day, usually involving subjective or 'estimative' probabilities and an associated level of confidence. The way in which these uncertainties are accessed and communicated can potentially have enormous impact and consequences. Challenges are reinforced by increasingly complex intelligence problems for which the contemporary analytic paradigm is not tailored to cope. It is important to better understand how defence intelligence analysts and consumers handle uncertainty in their assessment and decision support activities and what challenges and requirements they face in doing so. This is mainly achieved by the use of semi-structured interviews with a sample of very senior consumers of military intelligence (mostly Flag Officers of the Norwegian Armed Forces) and focus group interviews with groups of Norwegian intelligence analysts. In general, respondents found it difficult or challenging to conceptualize uncertainty analytically. This has implications for the communication of uncertainty and its use in decision-making within the current framework. Secondly, respondents were receptive to suggested potential improvements to the existing framework. One such suggestion involved a differentiated framework, offering different levels of uncertainty resolution in different situations, although none of the respondents had any experience of such a framework for assessing or communicating uncertainty. We conclude with some recommendations to improve the process of uncertainty and risk communication in this important and consequential application area. Having particular implications for policy, we recommend that analysts follow a differentiated approach in handling different situations and problems comprising uncertainty, rather than pursuing a standard solution as is current practice.

AbstractThis article analyzes the introduction of police dogs in early twentieth-century Paris, which formed part of the transnational extension of police powers and their specialization. Within a context of widespread fears of crime and new and contested understandings of animal psychology, police officers, journalists, and canophiles promoted the dogs as inexpensive yet effective agents who could help the police contain the threat posed by criminals. This article responds to a growing number of studies on nonhuman agency by examining how humans in a particular place and time conceptualized and harnessed animal abilities. I argue that while nonhuman agency is an illuminating and important analytical tool, there is a danger that it might become monolithic and static. With these concerns in mind, I show how examining historical actors' conceptualizations of animal abilities takes us closer to the historical stakes and complexities of mobilizing purposeful and capable animals, and provides a better understanding of the constraints within which animals act. Attitudes toward police dogs were entwined with broader discussions of human and animal intelligence. Concerns that dogs' abilities and intelligence were contingent and potentially reversible qualities resembled contemporary biomedical fears that base instincts, desires, and impulses could overwhelm human intelligence and morality, resulting in individual and collective degeneration. To many, it seemed that police dogs' intelligence had not tamed their aggressive instincts, and these worries partly explain the demise of the first wave of police dogs in Paris after World War I.

Organisations have shifted from traditional beliefs to the incorporation of agile methods for attaining high levels of performance through its established goals and objectives. Emotional intelligence (EI) is envisaged to contribute to the achievement of higher levels of performance. With the current global economic crisis and the pandemic situation, it has become very critical to achieve higher levels of performance with limited resources. Countries confront challenges by way of attaining a higher level of emotional maturity and realisation in order to sail through the current economic storm. The Administrative and Diplomatic Officers (ADOs) are seen to shoulder a heavy responsibility in materialising this shift. This study analyses the impact of EI on organisational performance (OP) in the Malaysian public sector. A survey instrumentation was distributed to 700 ADOs based in Putrajaya, within five selected ministries, obtaining 375 valid responses. The results attained, analysed using the SMART-PLS method, affirm the significant positive effect of EI on OP, suggesting the need for an increase in the EI of civil servants by including EI indicators and measures in the areas of recruitment, learning and development, workforce planning, succession planning, and organisational development. EI should actively be adopted to increase awareness and maturity, which would thus enable civil servants to embrace the current challenging agile environment.