The article presents an analysis of the legal status, organization and powers of the special services of the Republic of Estonia. The author presents the mission and tasks of the Estonian Internal Security Service (Kaitsepolitsei), the Estonian Foreign Intelligence Service (Välisluureamet) and the Military Intelligence Centre (Luurekeskus). The article show the historical aspect of the Estonian special services and their location in the structure of state organs responsible for national security. In addition, the author presents a surveillance system on the activities of intelligence and counterintelligence services.
The name of special services is applied to the civil and military services that organize and conduct intelligence and counterintelligence activities. Their operations are an element generating social and political trust between the political authorities and citizens. Given the current conditions of international relations and the international situation, a state is required to have efficient special services at its disposal. Anegative impact of globalization on state functioning, both in its external and internal dimensions, forces Polish special services to strengthen their fundamental function, that is providing information. The weakness of military intelligence and counterintelligence follows from the dissolution in 2000 of the Military Intelligence Services (WSI), and wasting their potential for political reasons. The role and task of special services in a democratic state should be to protect the liberty and democracy of the political system's principles, as set out in the Constitution, instead of protecting particular interests. The nature of the transformations occurring in security circles in Poland and related globalization processes, as well as civilizational, cultural and technological changes and the emergence of a civil society, demand a different attitude to the special services to be taken both by the public authorities and society, and make changes in their functioning necessary. This also calls for the need for a theoretical interpretation of the operations of modern Polish special services in a democratic state of law. ; The name of special services is applied to the civil and military services that organize and conduct intelligence and counterintelligence activities. Their operations are an element generating social and political trust between the political authorities and citizens. Given the current conditions of international relations and the international situation, a state is required to have efficient special services at its disposal. Anegative impact of globalization on state functioning, both in its external and internal dimensions, forces Polish special services to strengthen their fundamental function, that is providing information. The weakness of military intelligence and counterintelligence follows from the dissolution in 2000 of the Military Intelligence Services (WSI), and wasting their potential for political reasons. The role and task of special services in a democratic state should be to protect the liberty and democracy of the political system's principles, as set out in the Constitution, instead of protecting particular interests. The nature of the transformations occurring in security circles in Poland and related globalization processes, as well as civilizational, cultural and technological changes and the emergence of a civil society, demand a different attitude to the special services to be taken both by the public authorities and society, and make changes in their functioning necessary. This also calls for the need for a theoretical interpretation of the operations of modern Polish special services in a democratic state of law.
The name of special services is applied to the civil and military services that orga-nize and conduct intelligence and counterintelligence activities. Their operations are an element generating social and political trust between the political authorities and citizens. Given the current conditions of international relations and the international situation, a state is required to have efficient special services at its disposal. A negative impact of globalization on state functioning, both in its external and in-ternal dimensions, forces Polish special services to strengthen their fundamental func-tion, that is providing information. The weakness of military intelligence and counterintelligence follows from the dissolution in 2000 of the Military Intelligence Services (WSI), and wasting their potential for political reasons. The role and task of special services in a democratic state should be to protect the liberty and democracy of the political system's principles, as set out in the Constitution, instead of protecting particular interests. The nature of the transformations occurring in security circles in Poland and related globalization processes, as well as civilizational, cultural and tech-nological changes and the emergence of a civil society, demand a different attitude to the special services to be taken both by the public authorities and society, and make changes in their functioning necessary. This also calls for the need for a theoretical in-terpretation of the operations of modern Polish special services in a democratic state of law.
Artykuł kładzie nacisk na funkcjonowanie kontrwywiadu w obszarze bezpieczeństwa państwa, które obecnie jest centralnym punktem każdego obszaru funkcjonowania państwa. Polityka powinna być sztuką zarządzania państwem zgodnie z istniejącym kodeksem moralnym, prawnym i ekonomicznym, ale musi także stanowić lub kreować takie rozwiązania, które pozwolą wyjść z niestabilnej lub konfliktowej sytuacji z jak najmniejszymi stratami dla państwa. Najważniejszą rolę odgrywają tu służby kontrwywiadowcze. Polityka bezpieczeństwa jest bowiem kształtowana przez rosnący czynnik niepewności i zagrożenia. W przypadku Rosji działalność służb specjalnych jest filarem zarówno polityki wewnętrznej, jak i zagranicznej. Neutralizacja i zwalczanie rosyjskiego wywiadu w przypadku Polski jest niezwykle trudne, biorąc pod uwagę wieloletnią tradycję, za którą stoi wiedza i ogromne doświadczenie. Kontrwywiad odgrywa istotną rolę dla znaczenia i rozwoju każdego państwa, ponadto dostrzega znaczenie informacji publicznej dla bezpieczeństwa państwa, która ma pomóc m.in. w przewidywaniu i zapobieganiu przyszłym zagrożeniom. Priorytetem jest ochrona informacji przed obcymi służbami działającymi na niekorzyść interesu państwa. ; The paper concerns selected aspects of the activities of the intelligence and counterintelligence services. These services are responsible for ensuring state security, which is currently the main goal of all authorities. Any policy in this regard must reflect the art of state governance according to the existing moral, legal and economic codes, but must also provide or create such opportunities as make it possible to come out of unstable or conflict situations with the least loss for the state. A key role is played here by counterintelligence services. A security policy is shaped by uncertainty and danger. In the case of Russia, the activities of the special services are a pillar of both domestic and foreign policies. Neutralizing and combating Russian intelligence is extremely difficult for Polish services, given the long tradition and extensive knowledge and experience of Russia. Counterintelligence is crucial for the importance and development of each country. By definition, counterintelligence recognizes the importance of public information for the security of the state, to help, among others, in predicting and preventing future threats. The priority is to protect information from foreign services operating at the expense of the national interest.
Artykuł kładzie nacisk na funkcjonowanie kontrwywiadu w obszarze bezpieczeństwa państwa, które obecnie jest centralnym punktem każdego obszaru funkcjonowania państwa. Polityka powinna być sztuką zarządzania państwem zgodnie z istniejącym kodeksem moralnym, prawnym i ekonomicznym, ale musi także stanowić lub kreować takie rozwiązania, które pozwolą wyjść z niestabilnej lub konfliktowej sytuacji z jak najmniejszymi stratami dla państwa. Najważniejszą rolę odgrywają tu służby kontrwywiadowcze. Polityka bezpieczeństwa jest bowiem kształtowana przez rosnący czynnik niepewności i zagrożenia. W przypadku Rosji działalność służb specjalnych jest filarem zarówno polityki wewnętrznej, jak i zagranicznej. Neutralizacja i zwalczanie rosyjskiego wywiadu w przypadku Polski jest niezwykle trudne, biorąc pod uwagę wieloletnią tradycję, za którą stoi wiedza i ogromne doświadczenie. Kontrwywiad odgrywa istotną rolę dla znaczenia i rozwoju każdego państwa, ponadto dostrzega znaczenie informacji publicznej dla bezpieczeństwa państwa, która ma pomóc m.in. w przewidywaniu i zapobieganiu przyszłym zagrożeniom. Priorytetem jest ochrona informacji przed obcymi służbami działającymi na niekorzyść interesu państwa. ; The paper concerns selected aspects of the activities of the intelligence and counterintelligence services. These services are responsible for ensuring state security, which is currently the main goal of all authorities. Any policy in this regard must reflect the art of state governance according to the existing moral, legal and economic codes, but must also provide or create such opportunities as make it possible to come out of unstable or conflict situations with the least loss for the state. A key role is played here by counterintelligence services. A security policy is shaped by uncertainty and danger. In the case of Russia, the activities of the special services are a pillar of both domestic and foreign policies. Neutralizing and combating Russian intelligence is extremely difficult for Polish services, given the long tradition and extensive knowledge and experience of Russia. Counterintelligence is crucial for the importance and development of each country. By definition, counterintelligence recognizes the importance of public information for the security of the state, to help, among others, in predicting and preventing future threats. The priority is to protect information from foreign services operating at the expense of the national interest
In the article the author gives some arguments that the source of the biggest intelligence threat to the European Union and NATO, especially for Poland, is the special service of the Russian Federation. These services hold the agent activities in the area of Poland, which are focused on recognizing of the Polish Army, its modernization and adjustment to the NATO's standards. In this situation the best access to the essential information can be delivered by the agency in the arm environment or in its surroundings. The special interest can be focuses on the economic subjects busing with special trade because of their economical and defensive nature. Surely there are issues connected with plans of the elements of the rocket defence sitting in Poland, which are very interesting for Russian secret services. Therefore some agents can be located among the stuff inspecting the building site and the function of this system.
