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The concept of security today frequently includes a whole set of different aspects of human existence & activity in society & nature. Conscious efforts to establish security is a civilizational & cultural category that encompasses all aspects of contemporary security such as economic, social, cultural, political, legal, ecological, & defensive, ie, all those manifestations of social life that come under the heading of social values. The efficiency of a national security system today not only testifies to the capacity of the state to protect its fundamental social values from external & internal perils, ie, to preserve peace & liberty, & to prevent danger & fear, but also to its ability to ensure economic, political, scientific, technological, & generally social development as well as people's social, cultural, ecological prosperity. Analyzing the national security of the Republic of Croatia in that context, it seems that not only has the process of democratic transition not been completed, it has not even properly commenced. In many areas, the institutions & relations that might guarantee the type of development in keeping with Croatia's diverse potentials have not been created. Croatia, as one of the last transition countries, is only at the beginning of the second alteration of government, the precondition for consolidation of a democratic regime. 12 References. Adapted from the source document.

The Latin American and Caribbean Center of Florida International University, the U.S. Southern Command, and the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College held the ninth in a series of major annual conferences dealing with security and defense matters in the Western Hemisphere on February 1-3, 2006, in Miami, Florida. The conference, entitled "The Challenge of Governance and Security," brought together over 150 conferees who participated in a robust program of panels, question and answer sessions, and workshops. They exchanged perspectives and evaluated the contemporary hemispheric security situation. The dialogued amicably, with less tendency than in the past to either blame the United States for everything, or look to Washington to solve all of Latin America's problems. At the same time, civilian and military participants engaged in little "fingerpointing" and participants made no effort to keep police forces out of the dialogue. None viewed of the military as a menace, but rather as an important asset that had to be utilized effectively along with other instruments of national and international power to generate security, stability, development, democracy, and effective sovereignty. In this context, the conference dialogue centered on a broad and virtually all-inclusive internal threat environment, and the need for "good governance" to deal with a situation in which "everything is a part of everything else."

Brexit will change the balance of power in the European Union. All countries will have to adjust it, but the issue is more pressing for small member states that are more dependent on international organisations than big states. This article studies how the institutional setting affects a small state's preparations for Brexit in the area of common security and defence policy and internal market. Contrary to the theoretical expectations, it shows that the Czech Republic, the small state under scrutiny, has invested more effort into a preventive adjustment in the supranational internal market policy than to the CSDP. This result is explained by the existence of alternative institutional frameworks that are expected to mitigate the impact of Brexit on EU's security and defence policy. It also suggests that while small states profit from the existence of strong institutions, they also face the risk of unmitigated impact when these institutions change.

Purpose: The aims of the study were to identify and evaluate the internal controls used in a computerized accounting system of the SMEs, to identify and evaluate the merits and demerits of the internal controls used in the companies, and to identify the challenges in the implementation of internal control systems in the computerized accounting system of the SMEs. Design/methodology/approach: The population of the study was the employees of the SME's registered with Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MOCI) in Muscat, Oman. Samples were selected from this population on a random sampling basis. One-member employee from the SMEs representing the enterprise filled the questionnaire. The survey was conducted through a questionnaire using a Google form. 220 samples were collected from the population. The data collected was analyzed using data processing methods and Microsoft excel. Findings: The study found that SMEs were using computers to perform their daily transactions and the accounting software used by SMEs were cheap, of low quality and not proficient enough. One of the components of internal control system, i.e. monitoring was implemented by most of the SMEs and they also stated that they rarely hired an external auditor for auditing because of the expensive auditing fees. It was also stated that the security mechanisms were not properly implemented in the SMEs because of the expensive cost. Research limitations/implications: The study suggested that the Government should emphasize the SMEs to implement a good internal control system. This can reduce the errors and also increase the efficiency of operations. SOX in Omani context should be strictly implemented making it statutory and mandatory for all the SMEs in Oman and such statutory laws will help the auditors to abide by the rules and regulations to be followed. Social Implications : Government should support SMEs through providing education on the importance of internal control systems as most of the employees of SMEs are poorly educated/illiterates. The ...

Between 1889 and 1939 Britain created security for itself through alliances, rearmament, or appeasement (either alone or in some combination). The existing literature emphasizes the role of geopolitics, domestic characteristics, and individual idiosyncrasies to explain Britain's choices. I argue that within Britain, two broad and logrolled coalitions (outward-looking internationalist bloc and inward-oriented nationalist faction) battled to advance their faction's preferred security strategy and to capture the associated distributive benefits. Supporters and opponents understood that how Britain secured itself would create internal winners and losers. Supporters and opponents also recognized that any changes in the security strategy would have domestic redistributional consequences. I apply this model to Britain and use a longitudinal controlled comparison over three periods: 1889—1914, 1914—1919, and 1919—1939.

The article presents the author's view on the problem of ideological stability in modern realities. The article examines the essence and features of the process of forming the ideological stability of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia as a social component of the moral and psychological support of their official activities. Based on the results of the study, the paper presents an analysis of the modern approach to the formation of ideological stability of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in educational and service activities. The article considers the methodological approach to the interdisciplinary concept of "personality", the features of ensuring professional orientation and the process of adaptation of cadets to educational activities. The article reflects the nuances of the alarming state of ideological confrontation with Western apologists, provides a number of modern analytical examples with characteristics of the main areas of counteraction. As today's practice shows, in the conditions of a frenzied propaganda campaign, against the background of a migration explosion, security, the standard of living of ordinary citizens and GDP growth, the level of value orientations in the European Union is also gradually decreasing, and Western political scientists are trying to denigrate the achievements and great exploits of the Russian people in all ways, and not only the media. In accordance with the logic and purpose of the article, the main directions for the ideological and humanistic formation of the personality of a cadet, a future law enforcement officer, a citizen of Russia in the conditions of educational activity and further service are presented.

The effective functioning of the national economy is determined by its ability to respond adequately and flexibly to the challenges that arise at every stage of its development. Under current conditions, the challenges caused by the following factors are especially acute: (i) dynamic advancement of technological development; (ii) strengthening competition in the world markets; (iii) the need to meet constantly growing social needs; (iv) search for new approaches to ensure the effective complementarity of the sustainable development components; (v) strengthening the requirements for balancing the national interests with global development; (vi) the need for a weighted balancing between the permanent emergence of new opportunities and threats in the context of the rapid spread of crisis phenomena. Globalization transforms the forms and functions of the state. The lessons of global development of the last decades make it possible to identify two interrelated, but at the same time, different directions of transformation directly focusing on this issue. At the beginning of the XXI century the global economy has entered a new era of development, as the contradictions are rapidly intensifying between transnational corporations and the state sovereignty as a form of organization and functioning of society. The deep-seated consequence of globalization is the restriction of regulatory functions of the states. At the same time, the states can no longer adequately protect national economies from imbalances and asymmetric shocks. As a result of liberalization, national governments are losing the opportunity to effectively use a range of macroeconomic instruments. The place and role of the state under conditions of modern transformations are conditioned primarily, by the fact that the state is considered as a subject ensuring the organization and functioning of all elements of the socio-economic system. Speaking as a representative of society as a whole, the state itself establishes rules of functioning and market interaction of economic agents within the limits of certain economic order and supervises their observance. The basis for implementing a well-balanced economic policy should be the scientific identification of strategic priorities of economic development and the definition of conceptual approaches and tools on this basis in order to harmonize the interests of society.