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International audience ; The object of the European Maritime Security Strategy, dated 2014,is to present choices and mecanisms intended to protect european interests in maritime field, face threat against freedom of navigation and environnemental risks. The approach is cross sectoral and covers internal and external aspects of European union security. ; La Stratégie de Sureté Maritime lancée en 2014 a pour but de formuler les choix et les méthodes destinés à préserver les intérêts de l'Union européenne dans le domaine maritime mondial face aux menaces pesant sur la liberté de navigation et aux risques environnementaux. L'approche retenue est intersectorielle et couvre les aspects internes et externes de la sécurité de l'Union.

International audience ; The object of the European Maritime Security Strategy, dated 2014,is to present choices and mecanisms intended to protect european interests in maritime field, face threat against freedom of navigation and environnemental risks. The approach is cross sectoral and covers internal and external aspects of European union security. ; La Stratégie de Sureté Maritime lancée en 2014 a pour but de formuler les choix et les méthodes destinés à préserver les intérêts de l'Union européenne dans le domaine maritime mondial face aux menaces pesant sur la liberté de navigation et aux risques environnementaux. L'approche retenue est intersectorielle et couvre les aspects internes et externes de la sécurité de l'Union.

Cover -- Repression and Accommodation in Post-Revolutionary States -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Acknowledgements -- PART I Developing a Model of the Post-Internal War State -- Chapter 1 Studying the Post-Internal War State -- Chapter 2 Repression and Accommodation in Post-Internal War States -- Chapter 3 You Say You Want a Revolution: Selecting Test Cases -- Part II The Causes of Repression and Accommodation in Post-Revolutionary States -- Chapter 4 Charting Policy Mix Choices: Event Data and the Historical Process Model -- Chapter 5 The Use of Repression and Accommodation in Post-Revolutionary States -- Part III The Consequences of Repression and Accommodation in Post-Revolutionary States -- Chapter 6 Responding to Revolution: Opposition in Post-Revolutionary States -- Chapter 7 Sharing the Cake: Political System Development in Post-Revolutionary States -- Chapter 8 Only the Good Die Young: Political Survival of Revolutionary Elites -- PART IV Conclusion -- Chapter 9 What Is To Be Done?: Concluding Thoughts on Political Dynamics in Post-Internal War States -- APPENDIX A. Survey of Experts on Repression and Accommodation -- APPENDIX B. Post-Internal War Accommodation And Repression [PIWAR] Data Project -- APPENDIX C. Repression and Accommodation in Post-Revolutionary States(Codebook) -- APPENDIX D. Coding Elite Perceptions of Their Own Security / Vulnerability(CODEBOOK) -- APPENDIX E. Opposition Activity-CODEBOOK -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

Currently there is a trend to increase the role and impact of international law on national legal systems not only in the area of trade regulation, but also in other areas (for example, in the field of spent nuclear fuel, environmental laws and radioactive waste management), and as a result, there must be Consolidation of existing legal systems, through the incorporation of international law into national legislation, within the voluntary relinquishment of the state from its sovereignty, which helps to limit the uniqueness of states and peoples, and is a prerequisite for ensuring their national security in the modern world, where supranational legal regulation is in particular Under the auspices and protection of human rights and freedoms, however, this slogan appears to act only as an official reference to the international legal movement and has no right to exist because of the three unequal groups of "personal - society - state", and the researcher reached the following conclusion: in order to oppose this Operations that exclude the gradual development and prosperity of countries and peoples, states need to ensure a reasonable mix of national and international legal regulations that do not allow mixing areas of their work, developing internal protection mechanisms and protecting rights and Interests of public relations.

Turkey is one of the important actors whose roles cannot not be ignored in understanding the dynamic of Syrian crisis. Turkey used to interfere the neighboring country in order to remove the Syrian regime by backing the opposition groups and building alliance with the western countries. Turkey began to change its foreign policy strategy in Syria in 2016, but still maintained its domestic security and stability interest. This paper is aimed at explaining the relationship between the driving factors and Turkey's foreign policy strategy change. This research applied the foreign policy decision making approach where determinants were perceived and acted upon by the official governmental decision makers. James Rosenau's decision making theory was employed to strengthen the approach, consisting of some foreign policy determinants such as external environment, internal environment, information assessment and decision-making process which further affect decision makers to make the state's foreign policy decision as the output. The finding of the research showed that domestic and international factors encouraged Turkey to change its foreign policy strategy. Such new strategy was that Turkey was collaborating with Russia in seeking the resolution to create stability within Syria and put an end of the severe conflict.

Проблеми з охорони праці і безпеки життєдіяльності можуть ефективно бути вирішуватися лише у тих сферах виробничої і невиробничої діяльності, де технологічні процеси та технічні засоби, проектування, будівництво та експлуатація підприємств, споруд спираються на законодавчо-нормативну базу як на етапі проектування так і під час експлуатації об'єктів. Позитивного вирішення питань безпеки можна вирішити шляхом досконалого вивчення можливих впливів різноманітних чинників на будівлі і споруди впродовж їх експлуатації та наслідків, до яких вони можуть призвести, включаючи економічні аспекти. Викладання дисципліни «Безпечна експлуатація будівель і споруд» забезпечить такі результати навчання:- аналізувати можливі причини виникнення аварій будівель і споруд;- аналізувати відповідність інженерно-технічних рішень в будівлях та спорудах нормативним вимогам з охорони праці, виробничої санітарії, протипожежного стану та охорони навколишнього середовища; - аналізувати відповідність влаштування зовнішнього та внутрішнього протипожежного водопостачання; - оцінювати небезпеку і рівень захисту будівельних конструкцій; - встановити правильність вибору способів контролю стану будівель та відповідність цього вибору вимогам будівельним нормам для розроблення рекомендацій щодо забезпечення безпечної експлуатації об'єкта; Problems of occupational safety and life safety can be effectively addressed only in those areas of industrial and non-productive activities, where technological processes and technical facilities, design, construction and operation of enterprises, structures are based on the legislative and normative basis both at the design stage and during operation objects A positive solution to security issues can be solved by thoroughly examining the possible impacts of various factors on the building and facilities during their exploitation and the consequences to which they may lead, including economic aspects. Teaching discipline "Safe operation of buildings and structures" will provide the following learning outcomes:- to analyze possible causes of accidents of buildings and structures;- to analyze the conformity of engineering and technical solutions in buildings and structures to the regulatory requirements for labor protection, industrial sanitation, fire protection and environmental protection; - to analyze the compliance of the arrangement of external and internal fire water supply; - to assess the danger and level of protection of building structures; - to establish the correctness of the choice of methods for controlling the state of buildings and the conformity of this choice with the requirements of construction norms for the development of recommendations for the safe operation of the facility

The problems Dr. Young grapples with in this account have been exacerbated by a variety of evolving realities stemming from the new, post-Cold War security environment. Reduced national force structures, new NATO roles and missions emanating from the military implementation of Alliance Strategy and the rapid reaction requirements associated with the embryonic Combined Joint Task Forces (CJTF) Concept are but three of a multitude of inter-related issues which have driven the requirement to address NATO force structure requirements as a whole, as part of the ongoing internal adaptation of Alliance structures and procedures. ; https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1863/thumbnail.jpg

T. 1: Military-political aspects, 11-31 December 1994. - S. 233-256. T. 2: Military activities, 11-31 December 1994. - S. 257-290, graph. Darst., Kt

Argues that Japan's aid to the People's Republic of China may unintentionally diminish Japan's & the East Asian region's long-term security for two reasons. (1) Similar to other nations receiving such assistance, this aid may allow China to reallocate scarce capital to military modernization. Such military modernization may enable China to both better suppress internal dissent & carry out a more aggressive foreign policy. (2) This aid does not address the fundamental structural aspects of China's present instability. Long-term structural instability has many sources, but the two discussed here are socioeconomic inequality (both interregional & intraregional) & sustainable production & environmental problems. Taken together, these have important regional & geopolitical implications & repercussions. This article fills a gap in the existing literature on East Asian geopolitics. Namely, that by attending only to relatively short-term corporate & perceived state interests of China & Japan, Japanese aid does little to ameliorate & potentially exacerbates long-term structural social & environmental problems for China's vast majority living in rural hinterlands. The potential for internal turmoil springing from this uneven & unsustainable development inside China is the real basis for China's "threat" to East Asian security. 3 Figures. Adapted from the source document.

It seems that regional decision makers during the last two decades has been unable to produce a sustainable peacebuilding plan for the region and it is questionable whether any remarkable change will occur in the near future. Some would argue that the political differences are simply too far apart for an all-inclusive regional peacebuilding plan. The cultural, ethnic, and historically determined tensions are too many and too strong, and regional peacebuilding in a top-down approach can be viewed as a Gordian knot. Politicians from the states in the region have already faced, and will most definitely continue to face, internal challenges even if agreements with a conflicting state are settled. This only underlines the necessity of initiating sustainable initiatives that are capable of affecting politicians from within, or even to some extent have the capability to bypass the political level. With contributions from leading international scholars within the field of security studies this book sets out to explain the main security knots preventing stability to emerge and on that basis to test whether a different approach in addressing these knots. By pursuing an innovative and different approach to the process of peacebuilding, this could prove as a useful tool, and for this reason politicians, officials, and persons in general with an interest in this region will benefit from the perspectives presented here.

The Republic of Slovenia, having obtained independence and sovereignty in the June-July war of 1991, launched the intensive buildup of the system of nationa security. As guidelines it used the experiences of other states, its own historical experience and the attitudes of the public and the political parties. The analysis of Slovenian national security shows that the threats to it come in the forms of military threats, internal threats and the threat to the living space. This was the reason that the system of national security was outlined as including the defense system, the security system, and the system of protection and preservation. Though encountering momentous problems in the build-up of the system of national security (particularly its military aspect), Slovenia has made remarkable shifts in order to embrace the NATO standards. However, it was not enough and Slovenia was not among the countries that were admitted to this organisation in the first wave - Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary. (SOI : PM: S. 102)

Based on the idea of international community's residual responsibility for protection against mass violations of human rights, the concept of a responsibility to protect could mark a new step in the process of opening-up sovereign statehood. This essay sketches the concept in its development and basic elements, and discusses open questions from the perspective of international law. Eventually, it is doubtful whether the responsibility to protect can already be regarded as an emerging norm of international law. For this end, further internal differentiation of criteria and means is necessary. Perhaps the future of the concept lies not so much with the creation of concrete legal obligations, but in carving a possible new constitutional principle for the international community. After further development, it could thus serve as a conceptual framework for different elements of contemporary international law. Adapted from the source document.