del sig. Gio. Battista Settala cancelliere dell'illustrissimo magistrato straordinario di Milano ; Date of publication based on latest date in text: 15 marzo 1589. - Later edition (1603) printed by Milanese printer Pandolfo Malatesta. - Printed in single columns on right-hand half of page; left-hand half blank ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek -- JH.Mech.f.1#5
ABSTRACT Objectives: this theoretical essay aims to present classic and contemporary fundamentals of the optimal tax theory (OTT) and to problematize its presence and possibilities in the scenario of tax policy in Brazil. Context: such objectives are located in the contemporary context that discusses tax reforms aimed at efficient and socially responsible public management. Methods: after surveying the state of knowledge of optimal taxation in Brazil, and from the perspective of economics and political law, we sought to identify secondary data on tax distribution in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in relational analysis with data from Brazil. Results: the text draws attention to the fact that OTT is able to bring social issues to the discussion of public tax management policies in a structured way, with the perspective of inclusion and social responsibility, based on the importance of different treatment of economic agents, physical and legal, based on their needs and possibilities. Conclusion: it is concluded that, like in other countries, OTT is present in the Brazilian debate expressing as possible and necessary to advance in a tax policy that responds to the needs of public collection articulated and reconciled to social well-being through responsible management, modern and transparent.
The domestic and international transmission mechanism of fiscal policy shocks are analysed in the United States and in Germany. Using a Bayesian VAR approach, we find that in both of these countries a fiscal expansion is associated with increases in output as well as in private consumption and investment. The terms of trade, which affect the international transmission of fiscal policy shocks, depreciate in response to a fiscal expansion, thus transferring some of the increased domestic purchasing power abroad. A US government spending shock is expansionary for all non-US G7 members. A German government spending shock is expansionary for most, but not all European economies, both within and outside the euro area. The dynamics of the BVAR can be rationalised using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model where heterogeneous households and firms face borrowing constraints.
Abstract This study aims to analyze the moderating power of time of unemployment in the relationship between work values and psychological well-being. The sample consisted of 265 unemployed individuals, 77 men and 188 women with an average age of 27 years (SD = 7.21), with complete secondary education in 48% of the total sample. The following data collection instruments were applied: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Flourishing Scale and the Work Intrinsic Values Scale. The results of hierarchical regression analyses show that time of unemployment acts as a moderator in the relationship between the work values and the psychological well-being, so that the longer the unemployment duration the greater the individual's psychological well-being. Consequently, the shorter the period of unemployment, more intense is the feeling of negative emotions. The result yield three important contributions: demonstration of the association between work values and psychological well-being of unemployed; identification that the period of unemployment is an important moderator to understand the unemployed well-being and review of the issue of unemployment in the social and political field in times of recession.
What factors might explain the cross-country variations in COVID-19 public performances and what lessons can be drawn to be better-prepared for future pandemics? This study focuses on the effects of policy stringency on COVID-19 public health outcomes to gain insights into national-level state responses to COVID-19 and the conditions for their effectiveness. Using data from 136 countries comprising 91.4% of the global population, we find that more stringent policies lead to lower infection and death rates. More importantly, the negative effects of restrictive policies on infection and death rates are moderated by political trust and democracy levels, possibly through the mechanism of popular compliance with government policies. Under conditions of higher political trust and lower democracy levels, the policy effects on infection and death rates are greater. However, while the results suggest the importance of policy stringency and political trust, we should not draw the conclusion that authoritarian political systems are more conducive to policy effectiveness. When comparing the moderating effects of political trust and democracy, political trust is more important as a facilitating factor. Therefore, in addition to making scientifically-supported policies, fostering political trust should be an important goal for governments to be better prepared for future pandemics.
Este trabajo reclama la pertinencia de una práctica epistemológica feminista de la conciliación, capaz de aunar sensibilidades y quehaceres modernos y posmodernos. Esta mirada conciliadora permite abordar en su amplia complejidad las relaciones entre las dimensiones macroestructurales, mesoinstitucionales y microencarnadas de las vidas de las mujeres, así como transitar los actuales debates en torno a la (in)validez de las categorías de género y mujer. Para ello, se toma como referencia de partida la Teoría del Punto de Vista de Sandra Harding, paradigma de la nueva epistemología feminista y foco de discrepancias científicas y políticas entre los propios feminismos. A partir de la propuesta de Harding, se analizan críticamente las tensiones feministas que esta teoría plantea y que apuntan hacia ciertos riesgos esencialistas y universalistas y, al mismo tiempo, hacia posibles derivas individualistas o relativistas. Se sugiere entonces el encuentro de esta Teoría del Punto de Vista con un enfoque posmoderno que la complejice y actualice al calor de las actuales discusiones feministas. Ya desde este punto de vista posmoderno, se plantean una serie de enmiendas para afinar la mirada epistemológica feminista: enfrentar el relato único sobre las mujeres a partir de sus diversas experiencias; explorar las distintas experiencias encarnadas para conectarlas y analizarlas en contexto, esto es, sujetas a las relaciones estructurales de poder; sustituir el privilegio epistémico automático por una preferencia crítica y argumentada por las experiencias y relatos de las mujeres; y, finalmente, poner en valor las experiencias y relatos de la propia investigadora para orientar el estudio y, también, exponer los privilegios y limitaciones de su punto de vista. ; This essay claims the relevance of a feminist epistemological practice of conciliation, capable of bringing together modern and postmodern sensibilities and works. This conciliatory gaze makes it possible to address the relationships between the macro-structural, meso-institutional and micro-incarnate dimensions of women's lives in their broad complexity, as well as to go through the current debates on the (in)validity of the categories of gender and woman. To this end, Sandra Harding's Standpoint Theory, a paradigm of the new feminist epistemology and the focus of scientific and political discrepancies between feminisms themselves, is taken as a starting point. Based on Harding's proposal, a critical analysis is made of the feminist tensions that this theory raises. These tensions point to certain essentialist and universalist risks and, at the same time, to possible individualist or relativist drifts. It is then suggested that this Standpoint Theory should meet with a postmodern approach that would make it more complex and update it in the eyes of current feminist discussions. From this postmodern standpoint, a series of amendments are proposed to refine the feminist epistemological gaze: to confront the single narrative about women from their diverse experiences; to explore the different embodied experiences to connect and analyse them in context, that is, subjected to structural power relations; to replace automatic epistemic privilege with a critical and argued preference for women's experiences and narratives; and, finally, to value the experiences and stories of the researcher to guide the study and, also, to expose the privileges and limitations of their own point of view.
The idea of hegemony, in its Gramscian sense, contributed to the renewal of several fields of social sciences in the 1970s and 1980s. This idea circulates between different geocultural spaces and different times. The approach adopted in this article starts from the contexts in which this idea is mobilized, in order to show to which theoretical and practical stakes it answers. Focusing on four authors (Antonio Gramsci, Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe and Pablo Iglesias) and on the transfers from one author to another, the aim is to highlight the social conditions conducive to the deployment of this idea and to identify the (dis)continuities that punctuate its history. Throughout the socio-historical course marked out by the written productions of these four authors, one constant appears: the vitality of the concept of hegemony seems linked to periods of crisis - theoretical and / or strategic - of the left. ; Peer reviewed
L'idée d'hégémonie, dans son acception gramscienne, a contribué au renouvellement de plusieurs pans des sciences sociales au cours des années 1970-1980. Cette idée circule entre différents champs, différents espaces géoculturels et différentes époques. La démarche adoptée dans cet article part des contextes dans lequel cette idée est mobilisée, afin de montrer à quels enjeux théoriques et pratiques elle répond. En se focalisant sur quatre auteurs (Antonio Gramsci, Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe et Pablo Iglesias) et sur les transferts d'un auteur à l'autre, il s'agit de mettre en exergue les conditions sociales propices au déploiement de cette idée et d'identifier les (dis)continuités qui jalonnent son histoire. A travers le parcours socio-historique jalonné par les productions écrites de ces quatre auteurs, une constante apparaît : la vitalité de l'idée d'hégémonie semble liée à des périodes de crise – théorique et/ou stratégique – de la gauche. ; Peer reviewed
The philosophical and political advantages tied to a break with Marxist thinking have been notable. With such a break with Marxism, economic and scientific determinism have been discounted – and it is in this sort of determinism that a classic critique of Marxism finds a reason for discrediting the Marxist-Leninist project. However, it seems the cost of totally abandoning Marxist thinking has not been sufficiently examined. This article seeks to remedy this with a comparative study of two philosophers' conceptions of conflict: Mouffe's perspective will be examined and compared to Castoriadis' view of radical democracy and its treatment of conflict. The paper seeks to show that a full break with Karl Marx weakens political radicalism. In other words, by opting for a perspective on conflict which fully renounces the Marxist view, Mouffe is doing away with both the idea of direct democracy and/or that of a revolutionary project. Her approach differs from that of Castoriadis who seeks, in some sense, to remain faithful to the emancipatory aspects of Marxian thought. ; Peer reviewed
Chantal Mouffe's is presented as one of the leading theoreticians of the radical left, as a disciple of Carl Schmitt and as a resolute opponent of the liberal tradition. However, according to the her own admission, Chantal Mouffe is more in the "social democratic" camp than in the "radical left" camp, she marks a fundamental difference with regard to Carl Schmitt and she claims her attachment to the liberal ideal. Starting from these discrepancies, this article defends the idea that Chantal Mouffe's thought is perceived as more radical than it really is. Chantal Mouffe intends to reform the liberal tradition rather than denying it. ; Peer reviewed
In public relations research, the concept of engagement is often theorized but seldom observed in practice. This research focuses on what public leaders learn when they undertake actions centered on learning by listening to society to implement governmental citizen engagement programs. Taking an inductive grounded approach to data analysis which draws on tools and methods of grounded theory as well as including a review of key concepts from public relations literature, a reflexive analysis of an action learning intervention involving the members of a provincial government was conducted. Results show that, when reflecting on interaction with stakeholders of the program, government members: increase their knowledge about both sides of the public organization-society relationship; become more sensitive to what listening is and implies, and, hence, more supportive of two-way communication; are challenged about the authenticity of the motivations behind their listening; become more aware of ways in which they work to build social capital; and, subsequently, increase their willingness to act together with society. This paper shows that reflection on the real implementation of engagement programs gives policy makers a better understanding of normative assumptions, and hence it instantiates public relations theories and concepts about engagement. By identifying acting-by-listening as integral to citizen engagement, it presents implications for the study and practice of public relations in public sector organizations.
Valencia, en casa de Juan Crisóstomo Garriz a costa de Felipe Pincinali, 1613. ; Citation confidence: An exemplar has been referenced in a major analytical bibliography, or inspected book in hand, by a member of the Iberian Books project team or a collaborating institution. ; Citation/reference: IB: 29636
Valladolid, Francisco Fernández de Córdoba, 1613. ; Citation confidence: An exemplar has been cited in an established listing bibliography (such as Palau), or more than one copy is known to survive in more than one collection. ; Citation/reference: IB: 54093
[Valencia?, s.n., 1612?]. ; Citation confidence: An exemplar has been referenced in a major analytical bibliography, or inspected book in hand, by a member of the Iberian Books project team or a collaborating institution. ; Citation/reference: IB: 24666
