Meždunarodnoe pravo i meždunarodnye organizacii: International law and international organizations
ISSN: 2079-9918
ISSN: 2079-9918
The subject. The article is devoted to integration of conflictology theory in legal science. The purpose of the paper is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that theoretical mechanisms of conflictology may be effectively applied into constitutional legal theory to prevent con‐ stitutional legal conflicts.The methodology of the study includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, description) and sociological approach.The main results and scope of their application. The author describes the genesis of legal conflictology theory in different humanitarian sciences and its periodization, including integration of conflictology theory in legal science. The author substantiates necessity and justification of application of theoretical and methodological bases of science of conflictology in the constitutional and municipal law for the purpose of forecasting, identification and the resolution of the corresponding constitutional and legal conflicts.Conflictology of constitutional and municipal law is a research level of legal conflictology. The subject of this kind of conflictology are legal conflicts in constitutional and municipal law, their prediction, identification and resolution. It is necessary to take into account the following postulates of the General theory of conflictology in the study of legal conflicts in constitutional and municipal law:– the conflict is natural, objective and acts as an integral property of social life;– the social conflict at the same time acts as a stabilizing factor of functioning of social system;– social conflict is a complex social phenomenon as well as a process having structural, spatial‐temporal and dynamic characteristics;– the organic connection of law conflict with the law. The legal conflict arises about legal phenomena, it is realized under the influence and with the application of legal norms, it is resolved on the basis of legal regulation;– there is a special kind of political conflict that arises within the existing government, where each of the groups within the ruling class has more private interests and its own vision of the situation.Conflictology of constitutional and municipal law bases on the general theoretical postulates of the science of social conflicts. Constitutional conflict is a political type of social conflict – a disagreement between the subjects of constitutional and municipal legal relations over constitutional values, which can be transformed into legally significant conflict and generate legal consequences.Conclusions. The object of scientific knowledge of legal conflictology in constitutional and municipal law is a constitutional and legal conflict, the study of which should be based on the above postulates of the general theory of conflictology, and can not be limited to purely legal knowledge. ; Рассматривается процесс формирования юридической конфликтологии на основе различных гуманитарных наук, этапы развития научных представлений о конфликтологии и их интеграции в юридическую науку. Обосновывается необходимость и оправданность применения теоретических и методологических основ науки конфликтологии в конституционном и муниципальном праве в целях прогнозирования, выявления и разрешения соответствующих конституционно‐правовых конфликтов.
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УДК 342The subject. This article is devoted the municipal reform 2014-2016. The reform of state are institutes of territorial organization, organizational principles, competency bases of local self-government.The purpose of this paper is to show that the municipal reform 2014-2016 is directed on limiting local self-government and the subordination of local self-government to state authorities of the subjects of Russia.Methodology. The author uses a dialectical method, a method of analysis and synthesis, a formal legal method, a comparative legal method.Results, scope. Urban districts with intracity and intercity division areas – two new municipalities have been legally introduced. In science municipal law formed two points of view on the admissibility and feasibility of separating the urban district in the inner city areas. According to the first point of view, the separation of large urban districts in the inner city areas is acceptable and appropriate. According to the second point of view, the separation of large urban districts in the inner city areas is unacceptable and inappropriate. The author adheres to the second point of view, since the introduction of a two-tier model of local government organization would violate the principle of unity of municipal economy, will lead to the rupture of a single urban space on the organizational and financial sustainability areas dependent city district, will lead to a sharp increase in the number of deputies and municipal employees, unnecessary increase financial expenses.Municipal and regulatory policy in the sphere of organizational principles of local self-government is aimed at the maximum limit of direct elections of the population of the local self-government, which leads to their further alienation from the local authorities (the direct election of saved only 11 urban districts (13 %), which are the administrative centers of the subject of the Russian Federation). In addition, the actual subject of the Russian Federation determines the organizational model of local self-government for all the municipalities in its territory. This contradicts the Russian Constitution and the European Charter of Local Self-Government.Federal Law No. 136-FZ of the legislation on local government introduced a completely new institution – the redistribution of powers. In accordance with pt. 1.2 of Article 17 of the Federal Law No. 131-FZ of the laws of the Russian Federation subject may be a redistribution of powers between the local authorities and public authorities of the RF subject. The norms of the Constitution there is no reference to the possibility of transmission to public authorities of powers of local governments to address local issues. From the analysis of the norms of the Constitution, the European Charter of Local Self-Government, the legal posi-tion of the Constitutional Court is apparent that the public authorities as a general rule is not entitled to decide local issues, to withdraw from the jurisdiction of the powers of local government. Meanwhile, as of March 1, 2017 34 subjects of the Russian Federation adopted laws on the redistribution of powers between the local authorities and public authorities of the Russian Federation.The results of the study can be applied in the design of the legal regulation of Institute of territorial organization of local self-government; Institute organizational principles of local self-government; Institute of competency bases of local self-government.Conclusions. Analyzing the latest evolution of municipal law the author comes to the conclusion that the target of the municipal reform 2014-2016 proclaimed by the legislator – the restoration of the lost connection between citizens and local self-governments – is clearly declarative in nature. The real target of the reform is a gradual, but consistent inte-gration of local self-government into the system of public authorities. ; УДК 342Статья посвящена анализу муниципальной реформы 2014–2016 гг. В состоянии реформирования находятся институты территориальной организации, организационных и компетенционных основ местного самоуправления.Были законодательно введены два новых вида муниципальных образований – городские округа с внутригородским делением и внутригородские районы. В науке муниципального права сформировались две точки зрения относительно допустимости и целесообразности разделения городского округа на внутригородские районы. Согласно первой, разделение крупных городских округов на внутригородские районы допустимо и целесообразно. Согласно второй, подобное разделение недопустимо и нецелесообразно. Автор придерживается второй точки зрения.Муниципально-правовая политика в сфере организационных основ местного самоуправления направлена на максимальное ограничение прямых выборов населением органов местного самоуправления, что приводит к его дальнейшему отчуждению от местной власти (прямые выборы сохранены всего в 11 городских округах (13 %), являющихся административными центрами соответствующих субъектов Российской Феде-рации).Федеральным законом № 136-ФЗ в законодательство о местном самоуправлении введен совершенно новый институт – перераспределение полномочий. В соответствии с ч. 1.2 ст. 17 Федерального закона № 131-ФЗ законами субъекта Российской Федерации может осуществляться перераспределение полномочий между органами местного самоуправления и органами государственной власти субъекта РФ. В нормах Конституции РФ отсутствует указание на возможность передачи органам государственной власти полномочий органов местного самоуправления по решению вопросов местного значения.
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In the article there is given a general overview of the sources of the international sport law, which is a new dynamically developing branch of law. The author underlines that international sport law unites norms of international law and national legislation regulating sport relations of international nature.
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The relevance of the topic of a scientific article is related to the frequent cases in practice when there is a dispute over the application of the law of a particular state. With the help of the analysis of family law and private international law, a circle of subjects of legal relations is established that is connected with maintenance obligations complicated by a foreign element. In modern times there are many problems, in particular, the consequences of the dissolution of a marriage between spouses (one of whom is a foreign citizen) in the presence of minor children are poorly regulated internationally. The main problem in resolving issues related to alimony relations is the definition of applicable law. That is the law of which country (the right of citizenship of the husband's state or the right of citizenship of the wife's state) will be applied to resolve the dispute. In this paper, we will consider existing problems and offer our own vision of ways to solve such problems.
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Russian scientists attach great importance to one of the fundamental principles of private international law – the principle of the closest connection. The concept of the closest connection was developed in England on the basis of case law, the rules of which were created by judges in court decisions on specific cases. The legislator has included the principle of closest connection to the civil code, however, in light of the changes it made in the reforms of 2013, the closest connection principle was assigned a secondary role in relation to the principle of characteristic performance. The main purpose of the principle of the closest connection is to find the law and order that can most effectively regulate cross-border relations. The court will have to determine the will of the parties to the contractual relationship, aimed at choosing the right. Therefore, a close relationship is established based on the court's assumption of what right the parties would have chosen if they had considered this issue. The principle of the closest connection, in connection with this approach, often loses its independent significance. Article 1187 of the civil code of the Russian Federation does not specify the conditions of its application, as well as the scope of its action. For this reason, the category of the closest relationship is universal and applies regardless of the nature of the cross-border civil relationship. Russian legislation does not have clear criteria for determining the closest relationship, which may lead to a subjective decision by the court. In this regard, the study of problems related to the application of the principle of the closest connection in judicial practice is undoubtedly relevant.
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This article deals with the issues of regulation of property relations of spouses in private international law. The article deals with the conflict issues of marriage, as well as the contractual regime of a property of spouses. The article reveals the content of the Minsk and Chisinau conventions on property relations between spouses. In particular, the conventions say that the property relations between spouses are determined by the legislation of the Contracting Party in whose territory they live together. If the husband lives in one Contracting State and the wife in the other and both have the same nationality, the law of the country of which they are nationals governs their property relations. Attention is paid to bilateral agreements on legal assistance to States in the field of property relations between spouses. For example, such an agreement exists between Russia and Estonia, and it helps to resolve various property issues between spouses. The domestic legislation of different States regulates the issue of determining the regime of matrimonial property in different ways. For example, in the States of the Anglo-Saxon legal system and in most Muslim countries there is only a regime of separate property. On the contrary, in the States of the Romano-German legal system, preference is given to the regime of the common property of spouses, and it is possible to establish a different regime of property relations by agreement of the spouses. According to this principle, and developing family law in Russia.
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In this article, the author analyzes the issues of bringing criminal norms in accordance with the international treaties of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
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In this article, the author analyzes the issues of bringing criminal norms in accordance with the international treaties of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
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The subject. The article analyzes the trends of community participation in the implementation of local self-government.The purpose of the paper is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that the involvement of the population in the implementation of local self-government determines the genuine implementation of municipal legal acts and contributes to finding effective solutions to local issues.The research was carried out with use of main scientific methods (analysis, induction and deduction), special (statistical) method as well as the method of interpretation of the legal acts.The main results and scope of their application. The same form of direct democracy is mentioned in different Russian laws by different words often. The concept and requirements for the same forms, the limits of their application, the implementation procedures are described in different ways. There is a significant shift in emphasis in the use of various forms of direct democracy at the municipal level. In reality, the ability of local residents to exercise local self-government is significantly reduced. The involvement of the population is increasingly declared as an additional investment tool. The analysis of law enforcement practice shows the emergence of new forms of participation of citizens in the implementation of local self-government, which either do not have proper legal regulation, or it is fragmentary, carried out mainly by bylaws. The majority principle was the basis of decision-making in Russia for a long time, including the Soviet period, i.e. the decision was made on the basis of the opinion of the majority or qualified majority; the minority obeyed the majority. It has become urgent to develop new legal structures to identify and take into account the opinion of the minority in recent years.Conclusions. The involvement of the population in the implementation of local self-government is a criterion that the norms provided for in the texts of normative legal acts are really beginning to be implemented, the population is increasingly beginning to use them. If citizens lack legal instruments, they initiate their development and adoption in the form of relevant regulatory legal acts or other legal documents. The institutions of power and civil society do not replace each other, but promote mutual harmonious development aimed at improving the quality of life of citizens. ; Исследуются основные формы непосредственного народовластия, используемые на муниципальном уровне. На основании анализа материалов правоприменительной практики формулируются основные тенденции их развития. Отдельное внимание уделяется такому критерию оценки эффективности реализации национальных проектов, как вовлечение населения.
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Раздел "Международное право" ; Среди ученых нет однозначного мнения относительно места таможенного права в правовой системе. Под таможенным правом понимают институт административного права, подотрасль административного права, самостоятельную комплексную отрасль административного права либо комплексную отрасль законодательства. Исследование правовой природы показывает, что в современном таможенном праве можно выделить наднациональную (международную) и национальную части. Наднациональная часть включает нормы Таможенного кодекса таможенного союза и иных нормативных актов, которые принимаются международными договорами. Нормы национальной части принимаются законодательными актами страны. Таким образом, таможенное право — комплексная отрасль права, регулирующая общественные отношения в сфере перемещения товаров через таможенную границу Таможенного союза. = Scientists differ in their opinions regarding the place of customs law in the legal system. Customs law is understood as the institute of administrative law, a sub-branch of administrative law, a separate complex branch of administrative law or a complex branch of legislation. The research of its legal nature shows that it is possible to distinguish supranational (international) and national parts within the contemporary customs law. The supranational part includes the Customs Code norms of the Customs Union and other legal acts which are adopted by international treaties. The norms included into the national part are adopted by legislative acts of the country. Thereby, customs law is a complex branch of law regulating public relations in the sphere of movement of goods across the customs border of the Customs Union.
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