Suchergebnisse

The present contribution aims at highlighting the role of clear legal writing in the framework of national and international institutional contexts. Clear legal writing will be analysed with respect to three different areas of study: juridical linguistics, translation studies and international cooperation. Juridical linguistics is currently exploring the multiple specific needs and challenges of clear legal writing in the different branches of law on national as well as international level. Translation Studies highlight the specificity of legal translation by defining this practice as a particular case of specialized translation which varies according to its operational context. Multilingualism actually implies a new definition of translation as multilingual co-writing. International cooperation studies how clear legal writing can be ensured with respect to the normative and standard-settings activity and the associated diplomatic and political issues belonging to international organisations. The interest of such a multi-disciplinary approach is the possibility of correlating those complementary perspectives of analysis in order to better understand the notion of clear writing as well as its importance in the field of law-making.

Civil society organizations have become increasingly significant actors in global governance. Such actors are particularly active within the field of development where they engage with and try to influence global institutions in multiple ways. This book re-conceptualizes civil society engagement with global governance institutions in the field of development in terms of opposition. This innovative theoretical framework provides new insights and perspectives by combining theories from national opposition politics, international relations and social movement studies. The empirical analysis maps patterns of opposition and explains opposition strategies thorough detailed comparative case studies on civil society actors and, in particular, the European Union's policies and practices of development cooperation, as well as the Asian Development Bank and the Global Forum on Migration and Development. Unlike previous research in this field, which has tended to either focus on outside protest movements or inside lobbying advocacy, this study offers a more comprehensive approach and demonstrates how inside and outside strategies are frequently combined.

This article explores the need for reflection on the right of developing countries to science and technology in addition to explaining the place of the scientific rights of nations in human rights as a whole. The discussion was conducted in relation to sustainable development. Through the examination of the current situation and the challenges to sustainable development, and taking into account the imbalance in the distribution of the benefits of science and new technologies, the authors advocate a comprehensive approach to promote cooperation and capacity-building in this area. They argue that linkages should be adopted between micro-levels and macro-levels of analysis by elevating rights and related issues from individuals to the national level in the field of the right to science and technology, and from the national to the international level in the field of sustainable development in order to institutionalise and ensure individual and national rights to science, technology and sustainable development. The authors also believe in a multidimensional perspective based on the balanced flourishing of the material and immaterial aspects of humankind in order to realise these rights in the context of dialogue and cultural diversity and to promote the culture of sustainable and dynamic peace based on justice in knowledge societies. Adapted from the source document.

Writing about the United States and its highly ambivalent relationship to the United Nations, Conor Cruise O'Brien once noted how, in 'the land which houses the United Nations, and which does most both to support and to use it, discussion of the functioning of the United Nations is almost all on [a] quas-supernatural plane, whether it be in terms of the strengthened Platonic UN, or in terms of a UN of evil enchantment—God or the Devil'. With some exaggeration, much the same can be said about the public debate of the UN's role in international relations in recent years. It is heartening, therefore, as the UN celebrates its fiftieth anniversary, to see a growing number of studies prepared to examine critically the performance of the organization; to explore its possibilities in a world where interdependence and transnational processes require greater cooperation; but also to acknowledge its limitations in the same world where the autonomy and primacy of the state remain unchallenged in vital spheres of activity.