Suchergebnisse

This paper reviews the World Trade Organization (WTO) Panel Report "Russia-Measures Concerning Traffic in Transit" of April 2019. It constitutes the first attempt to disentangle the legal and political aspects related to the invoked essential security interests from the economic considerations underlying the measures imposed on the transit through Russia of goods exported from Ukraine to the Republic of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. One the one hand, the Panel's analytical framework for the interpretation of Article XXI of the GATT denied Members unilateral determination over the security exceptions. It further enables future WTO panels a pathway for reviewing possible abuses of the security exceptions, a growing concern with the rising complexity of transnational economic relations. On the other hand, our economic analysis suggests a stricter assessment of Russia's transit restrictions was necessary to satisfy this framework. In particular, the economic analysis argues the Panel adopted a circular assessment when considering the plausibility of whether Russia implemented its measures for the protection of its essential security interests in time of emergency in international relations. Ultimately, the Panel's attention to finding a diplomatic and legal path forward failed economic scrutiny; still, a legal assessment argues that the Panel's findings fit the legal design of Article XXI:b of the GATT.

Discusses internal and external sovereignty, intervention, changing role of the state, changing definitions of war, international human rights law, the world trading system (including WTO), information technology and governance in China, and the Kosovo conflict; 6 articles.

Die Konfrontation mit den Resultaten der realistischen Schule der Internationalen Beziehungen führte zu einem Perspektivwechsel in der Völkerrechtswissenschaft, die sich nunmehr verstärkt der Untersuchung des realen Einflusses völkerrechtlicher Normen widmet. Hierzu leistet die Arbeit einen Beitrag, indem sie unter Heranziehung der Erkenntnisse der empirischen Konflikt- und Gerechtigkeitsforschung den Einfluss des Völkerrechts auf die Prävention und Lösung ethnischer Konflikte gewichtet. Hierfür werden die empirischen Befunde in einen entscheidungstheoretischen Rahmen gesetzt, mit dessen Hilfe sich der Einfluss sowohl des eigentlichen Norminhalts als auch des Normdesigns auf ethnische Konflikte bestimmen lässt. Der Autor beschäftigt sich mit Fragen normativer Effektivität jenseits klassischer Durchsetzungsmechanismen

The region's prospects look strong. Growth in sub-Saharan Africa should reach 6 percent in 2007 and 6¾ percent in 2008. The economic expansion is strongest in oil exporters but cuts across all country groups. This would extend a period of very good performance. In recent years, sub-Saharan Africa has been experiencing its strongest growth and lowest inflation in over 30 years

"Delta Urbanism is a major new initiative that explores the growth, development, and management of deltaic cities and regions, with the aim of balancing various goals in a sustainable manner: urbanization, port commerce, industrial development, flood defense, public safety, ecological balance, tourism, and recreation. This book is a detailed history and overview of how one low-lying country has developed the policies, tools, technology, planning, public outreach, and international cooperation needed to save their populated deltas."--Provided by publisher

Preface -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Chapter 1: A Global Dialogue on Liberal Arts and Sciences: Re-engagement, Re-imagination, and Experimentation -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2: China's Search for Its Liberal Arts and Sciences Model -- Toward a China Model -- Precarious Balance -- Brain Race for Innovative Thinkers -- Experimentation and the Liberal Arts -- International Cooperation amid a Concern about Sovereignty -- One Country and Two University Systems -- References -- Chapter 3: The Significance and Practice of General Education in China: The Case of Tsinghua University

Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Preface: A Tribute to Werner Baer -- List of Contributors -- 1 Introduction -- Part I The Role of Institutions -- 2 International Cooperation and Global Justice -- 3 Latin America, UNCTAD, and the Postwar Trading System -- 4 Import Substitution Industrialization in Latin America: Experience and Lessons for the Future -- 5 With or without the IMF? Economic Recovery after Devaluation in Argentina and Brazil -- 6 The Decision to Become Informal Self-Employed in Latin America

With an estimated 6,9 million deaths and with its enormous scale of economic, social and political collateral damages, the COVID-19 Pandemic has created excessive momentum for re-considering the rules and procedures governing global health – or has it? In this blog contribution, I will discuss the promises and pitfalls of current law-making and law-amending efforts that seek to strengthen pandemic governance post COVID-19 by reflecting on three distinct features of global health as an area of international cooperation.

In Why Are We Waiting?: The Logic, Urgency and Promise of Tackling Climate Change, Nicholas Stern expands upon the 2006 Stern Review to offer a timely argument in favour of global action on climate change. As Stern goes beyond economic analysis to discuss the scientific, political, ethical and practical aspects of forging pathways to international cooperation, Chandni Singh welcomes the book as a valuable contribution to the task of tackling the twin challenges of this century: global poverty and climate change.

В статье проанализировано законодательство в области использования и ох-раны животного мира, включая деятельность по принятию модельных правовых актов, на уровне СНГ и международному сотрудничеству в данной области; содержатся предложения по совершенствованию законодательства по теме статьи ; The article analyzes the legislation on the use and protection of fauna, including the work on the adoption of model regulations on the level of the CIS and international cooperation in this field; contains proposals to improve legislation on the subject of the article.

The implementation of the Single European Act and the conclusion of the Maastricht Treaty have greatly accelerated the process of European integration. This has been accompanied by parallel regional integration processes in North America and East Asia, alongside important international cooperation measures involving integration at the global level, as at the Uruguay Round GATT negotiations. Investigates the relationship between these evident steps towards economic integration at a regional level and the development of global markets in many sectors.

THE KEY PROLIFERATION ISSUE FOR AMERICA AND EUROPE IS NOT HOW TO STOP NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND MISSILE PROLIFERATION; PROLIFERATION IS ALL BUT INEVITABLE. THE ISSUE, RATHER, IS HOW TO CRAFT AN APPROPRIATE SECURITY POSTURE THAT WILL PROTECT BOTH CONTINENTS ADEQUATELY AS NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION BECOMES A FACT. THIS ARTICLE ATTEMPTS TO DETERMINE THE CONSEQUENCES OF PROLIFERATION AND THEN HOW TO RESPOND TO IT. IT ARGUES THAT AS INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IMPROVES MANY COUNTRIES WILL THINK TWICE BEFORE DECIDING TO USE THEIR NUCLEAR MIGHT.

In Norway the Research Councils' Committee on R&D statistics has analysed public R&D funding every year since 1970. From 1991 the entire analysis has been performed by the Institute for Studies in Research and Higher Education. Within NORDFORSK1 the Nordic countries started their discussions on this topic back in 1972. Guidelines for Government R&D appropriations were published in 1983.2 Norway has also participated actively in international cooperation inside the OECD. Here, of course, the work with the Frascati Manual is central.