Suchergebnisse

Rice is being cultivated in conventional method of transplanting, but due to shortage of water and labor, new technique called Machine Transplanting is practiced by few farmers nowadays. Machine transplanting involves planting young rice seedlings into puddled soil by a machine. It requires considerably less time and labor than manual transplanting. Thoothukudi district is one among the major producers of rice in Tamil Nadu. This is study is mainly focusing on to assess the economic analysis of machine transplanted rice in Thoothukudi district. Total cost of seedling for traditional method of planting seedlings per acre was Rs. 1800 and machine transplanting was Rs. 1000 per acre. The expenses incurred on plant protection was slightly high in case of conventionally planted fields Rs. 1500 , as compared to the mechanically transplanted fields Rs.1100 . Weed management was comparatively lesser Rs. 3600 in case of mechanical transplanted fields, this is mainly because of practicing Cono weeder. But in case of conventionally planted fields weeding expenses reported on Rs. 4000 . Regarding yield higher in machine transplanted rice 2350 kg ac when compared to conventional transplanted rice 2000 kg ac . The benefit cost ratio was higher in machine transplanted rice 1 2.5 where is in conventional transplanted rice 1 1.9 . Hence, the farmers might have more scope to cultivate machine transplanted rice with higher profitability. The constraints faced by the farmers in machine transplantation were no proper training on operation, Non timely availability of transplanter and land fragmentation. If increase more training to the farmers to operate rice transplanter and government might encourage more hiring centers for rice transplanter might boost up the machine transplanted rice. Dr. T. Rajendran | R. Kavitha | S. P. PrasathBalaji | A. Mathivanan "Economic Analysis of Machine Transplanted Rice in Thoothukudi District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: ...

Der Beitrag analysiert die Verbreitung nichtehelicher Lebensgemeinschaften in den verschiedenen Ländern Europas. 1975 war diese Form des Zusammenlebens außerhalb Skandinaviens noch relativ selten. In den späten 70er und den frühen 80er Jahren etablierte sich die Form in allen europäischen Ländern mit der Tendenz, daß mehr junge Frauen und junge Männer unverheiratet zusammenlebten und auch die durchschnittliche Dauer dieser Form des Zusammenlebens sich verlängerte. Generell zeigen sich zwischen den einzelnen Ländern markante Unterschiede. Im internationalen Vergleich sind die Einstellungen zum vorehelichen Zusammenleben und zur Scheidung sowohl auf individueller Ebene als auch im Ländervergleich hochkorrelliert. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Annahmen hat das Aufkommen der nichtehelichen Lebensformen jedoch kaum zum Rückgang der Ehe geführt, sondern die "papierlose Zweierbeziehung" wurde neben der Ehe zum gleichermaßen anerkannten "Familienstand" moderner Gesellschaften. (pre)

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the social challenges of Industrial Relations in Federal Polytechnic Oil and Gas, Bonny, Rivers State, Nigeria and to evaluate the different Industrial Relations which were carried out in most organizations. The research design was descriptive survey to investigation and observed the proper Industrial Relations Practices which were carried out in Oil and Gas companies operating in the Bonny, Rivers State, Nigeria. It very important for companies to avoid societal conflicts and discontents, ensure industrial peace and harmony, as a result of achieving better performance, at work place which encourage productivity and growth. Human being are the active agents who accumulate capital, exploit natural resources, build social, economical and political organizations and carry forward national development.

In order to achieve or enhance economic growth, different monetary policies' instruments can be used by the central banks. Conventional monetary policy regimes such as exchange rate targeting and monetary targeting were the dominant strategies until the emergence of inflation targeting. The latter regime was the most adopted among the more developed nations from the 1990s onward. After the 2008 recession, unconventional policies, namely quantitative easing, started to be a common practice in the US, UK, EU and Japan. However, conventional strategies weren't discarded. Using a dynamic panel data model, we study how economic growth respond to the different monetary policy regimes implemented between 1970 and 2018. Our results suggest that inflation targeting was more successful in enhancing growth in the full sample period. Monetary targeting displayed a comparatively higher result than the other two regimes in the 1981-2008 subperiod. Exchange rate targeting displayed a higher positive impact than the other two in the subperiod after the great recession. ; Para alcançar ou melhorar o crescimento económico, diferentes instrumentos de política monetária podem ser utilizados pelos bancos centrais. Regimes de política monetária convencionais como a âncora cambial ou a adoção de uma regra monetária (tendo como objectivo uma dada taxa de crescimento constante da massa monetária ou sua componente) foram as estratégias dominantes até o surgimento e generalização da meta para inflação. Este último regime foi o mais adotado entre as nações mais desenvolvidas a partir da década de 1990. Após a recessão de 2008, políticas não convencionais, nomeadamente, quantitative easing, passaram a ser uma prática comum nos EUA, Reino Unido, UE e Japão. No entanto, as estratégias convencionais não foram descartadas. Utilizando um modelo dinâmico de dados em painel, estudamos como o crescimento económico responde aos diferentes regimes de política monetária implementados entre 1970 e 2018. Os nossos resultados sugerem que a meta de inflação foi comparativamente a mais bem-sucedida estratégia em melhorar o crescimento no cômputo geral da amostra. A regra monetária registou um resultado superior no subperíodo de 1981-2008. A âncora cambial, no subperíodo pós-recessão, apresentou um impacto positivo maior do que os outros dois regimes convencionais.

This Country Economic Memorandum (CEM) analyzes a set of the critical constraints to domestic private sector-led and outward-oriented growth in Tajikistan, by examining the structural bottlenecks to private sector investment and exports. The report is selective in looking at key public policies needed to improve Tajikistan's macroeconomic resilience and foster private sector development to ensure sustainable growth. This CEM should be seen as the first of a series of programmatic work intended to provide advisory support to the Tajik authorities over the medium-term as they update the National Development Strategy. The report focuses on two important areas of public policy: first, the role of the tax system in encouraging investment and entrepreneurship, examines the principal deficiencies in the tax regime and in its administration, and proposes reforms to improve the incentives for investment. Second, in view of the dominance of the state and of state-owned enterprises in the economy and regulatory gaps to ensure level playing field, the report analyzes the competition policy framework, with the aim of identifying policy reforms that will encourage firm entry and create a competitive market in goods and services. The two interrelated objectives – macroeconomic incentives for investment and savings and the domestic competition and tax regime - reinforce each other. The choice of the above thematic areas is guided by the team's preliminary discussions with various stakeholders within the government and outside the government. The CEM builds on the World Bank's previous reports on Tajikistan, namely on the Jobs Diagnostics and Systematic Country Diagnostics. The Jobs Diagnostics proposes the government to consider a jobs strategy based on the following three pillars: i) facilitate the creation of more jobs, particularly in the formal private sector; ii) improve the quality of existing jobs, especially in the informal sector; and iii) facilitate better access to jobs including transitions from inactivity to employment and from low to higher quality jobs, with a focus on vulnerable workers. The focus of the CEM is well aligned also with the new Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for 2019-23 currently in making. This report will be followed by analytical and policy work on other critical constraints to private sector-led growth: the establishment of a rules-based policy setting and creating market-supporting institutions that promote greater economic formalization; building upon areas of high potential for transformative change such as the financial strengths of the energy sector and macro-fiscal implications of investments to Rogun HPP; gains from deeper international integration and infrastructure access provided by the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI); and investing in human capital. This chapter of the CEM analyses the main causes of macro-fiscal vulnerabilities and suggests policy recommendations to improve resilience of the Tajik economy.

Providing affordable housing is not only doing the right thing. There is an economic spinoff for everyone.

What does the history of Christian views of economic life mean for economic life in the twenty-first century? Here Daniel Finn reviews the insights provided by a large number of texts, from the Bible and the early church, to the Middle Ages and the Protestant Reformation, to treatments of the subject in the last century. Relying on both social science and theology, Finn then turns to the implications of this history for economic life today. Throughout, the book invites the reader to engage the sources and to develop an answer to the volume's basic question.

Global economic and social forces are affecting everyone, everywhere. However, their influence is shaped by local communities' interpretation of these forces and responses to them. Social identities provide a guide; they are the product of history, culture, economy, patterns of governance and degree of community cohesion. How the global and the local connect and reconfigure at various scales and through different cultures is explained in this forward-looking volume. The book's thesis, namely that localism is the crucial complement to globalism, is supported by a range of European case studies.