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Historians have all but dispensed with a conventional chronology that marks the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) as the origin of a modern state-centric territorial sovereignty. Instead, they are accumulating evidence that, since at least the early nineteenth century, sovereignty stretches back to the imperial practice of intervention into polities elsewhere on humanitarian grounds. Imperial sovereignty was less uniform than imperial officials and cartographers asserted; instead, as Lauren Benton has argued, it was (and is) usually "more myth than reality, more a story that polities [told] about their own power than a definite quality that they possess[ed]". Then there is the increasing number of historical examples of nonnormative, quasi-invisible forms of extra-territoriality that shaped the global imperial political architecture of the late nineteenth century: from the remaining principalities of the Holy Roman empire, and the conceptually distinctive practices of the Habsburgs as they separated cultural sovereignty from political sovereignty within their imperial territory, to the European claims to commercial and municipal authority in the treaty ports that dotted China's seaboard and river system, carving out the spoils of war.

"The International Criminal Court in Africa and the Politics of International Justice" published on by Oxford University Press.

The third edition of this popular core textbook provides wide-ranging coverage of the structure, internal working, policies and performance of international organizations such as the UN, EU, IMF and World Bank. Such organizations have never been so important in addressing the challenges that face our increasingly globalised world. This book introduces students to theories with which to approach international organizations, their history, and their ability to respond to contemporary issues in world politics from nuclear disarmament, climate change and human rights protection, to trade, monetary and financial relations, and international development. Underpinning the text is the authors' unique model that views international organizations as actual organizations. Reacting to world events, political actors provide the 'inputs' which are converted by the political systems of these organizations (through various decision-making procedures) into 'outputs' that achieve varying levels of real-world impact and effectiveness. This is the perfect text for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Politics and International Relations taking courses on International Organization and Global Governance, as well as essential reading for those studying the UN, the EU and Globalization

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- PART ONE: The Destiny of Socialism -- Introduction -- 1 The British Labour Initiative -- 2 Socialists and Communists in France -- 3 Unity and Division in the Italian Socialist Movement -- 4 The Problem of Unification in the German Labour Movement -- 5 The Origins of the 'Cold War' -- PART TWO: The Reopening of the Split -- 6 The Revival of the International -- 7 The Founding of the Cominform -- 8 The Reconstitution of the Socialist International -- PART THREE: Socialism and Communism in Asia -- 9 Oriental Key Positions in the World Revolution -- 10 Bolshevism and Social Democracy in India -- 11 Hindu and Buddhist Socialism -- 12 Socialist and Communist Movements in Buddhist Countries -- 1. Burma -- 2. Ceylon -- 3. Nepal -- 13 Islamic Socialism and Marxism in Indonesia -- 14 Socialism and Communism in Japan -- 15 The Chinese Revolution -- 16 Socialism in Israel -- 17 The Asian Socialist Conference -- PART FOUR: The Moral Crisis of Communism -- 18 Yugoslavia's Revolt against Moscow's Hegemony -- 19 The Insurrection in East Berlin -- 20 The Dethronement of Stalin -- 21 Poland's October -- 22 The Tragedy of the Hungarian Revolution -- 23 'The Spring of Prague' -- 24 Peking's Break with Moscow -- PART FIVE: The First Hundred Years -- 25 Destiny of a Vision -- Appendix One: Socialism as a World Movement: an attempt at a numerical assessment -- Appendix Two: Aims and Tasks of Democratic Socialism -- Appendix Three: Statement on Socialism and Religion -- Appendix Four: Socialist Policy for the Underdeveloped Territories -- Appendix Five: Principles and Objectives of Socialism in Asia -- Appendix Six: Declaration on Colonialism -- Appendix Seven: Manifesto of the Cominform.

This paper addresses the puzzle of why, and under what conditions, international organizations cease to exist. International relations literature offers rich explanations for the creation, design and effectiveness of international institutions and organizations, but surprisingly little effort has gone into studying the dynamics of IO termination. Yet if we want to understand why and under what conditions international organizations endure, we must also explain why they often fail to do so. The present paper formulates and tests theoretical conjectures about IO termination using a combination of statistical analysis and historical case studies. My analysis is based on an original dataset covering the period 1815-2016. I find that exogenous shocks is a leading proximate cause of IO deaths since 1815 but that international organizations that are well-established, have large memberships and technical mandates have higher survival rates. My analysis leads me to suggest a number of refinements to existing theories institutional robustness.

The ever-growing interaction between member States and international organisations results, all too often, in situations of non-conformity with international law (eg peacekeeping operations, international economic adjustment programmes, counter-terrorism sanctions). Seven years after the finalisation of the International Law Commission's Articles on the Responsibility of International Organisations (ARIO), international law on the allocation of international responsibility between these actors still remains unsettled. The confusion around the nature and normative calibre of the relevant rules, the paucity of relevant international practice supporting them and the lack of a clear and principled framework for their elaboration impairs their application and restricts their ability to act as effective regulatory formulas. This study aims to offer doctrinal clarity in this area of law and purports to serve as a point of reference for all those with a vested interest in the topic. For the first time since the publication of the ARIO, all international responsibility issues dealing with interactions between member States and international organisations are put together in one book under a common approach. Structured around a systematisation of the interactions between these actors, the study provides an analytical framework for the regulation of indirect responsibility scenarios. Based on the ideas of the intellectual fathers of international law, such as Scelle's 'dédoublement fonctionnel' theory and Ago's 'derivative responsibility' model, the book employs old ideas to add original argumentation to a topic that has been dealt with extensively by recent commentators.

"The ever-growing interaction between member States and international organisations results, all too often, in situations of non-conformity with international law (eg peacekeeping operations, international economic adjustment programmes, counter-terrorism sanctions). Seven years after the finalisation of the International Law Commission's Articles on the Responsibility of International Organisations (ARIO), international law on the allocation of international responsibility between these actors still remains unsettled. The confusion around the nature and normative calibre of the relevant rules, the paucity of relevant international practice supporting them and the lack of a clear and principled framework for their elaboration impairs their application and restricts their ability to act as effective regulatory formulas. This study aims to offer doctrinal clarity in this area of law and purports to serve as a point of reference for all those with a vested interest in the topic. For the first time since the publication of the ARIO, all international responsibility issues dealing with interactions between member States and international organisations are put together in one book under a common approach. Structured around a systematisation of the interactions between these actors, the study provides an analytical framework for the regulation of indirect responsibility scenarios. Based on the ideas of the intellectual fathers of international law, such as Scelle's 'dédoublement fonctionnel' theory and Ago's 'derivative responsibility' model, the book employs old ideas to add original argumentation to a topic that has been dealt with extensively by recent commentators."--Bloomsbury Publishing