Suchergebnisse

Global climate change and its associated risks are serious issues for almost all countries in the world. There are many growing evidences of a shift in climate patterns with flow on effects for established environmental, economic and social structures and systems. Governments around the world have embarked on programs designed to cut greenhouse gas emissions that Juel climate change, but momentum for shifts in climate patterns is already established. Therefore, it is important for governments and private decision makers to begin planning for its potential consequences, as a complement to current mitigation action aimed at slowing its progress. Indonesia is the 4th largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter globally, and is now leading the way as one of the first non-Annex I countries to make a significant voluntary commitment to cut its national greenhouse gas emissions by 26% (unilaterally) and 41% (with support.from the international community) by 2020. Indonesia's commitment to climate change action has been increasingly evident since 2007, when the country hosted the UNFCCC 13th Conference of the Parties in Bali and a high level meeting of Finance Ministers.

By 2014 Indonesia registered 11.6 million inbound foreign tourists, 135% higher than the year 2000. Since then, government policies to promote tourism flourished. This article investigates the determinants of inbound tourism from the top nine mayor tourist origin countries into Indonesia covering the period of 2000 to 2014. This research employs a dynamic panel dataset to estimate the impact of per capita real income, relative prices, accommodation capacity, distance, and public infrastructure investment on international tourism demand in Indonesia, capturing demand- and supply-side effects. The results show that per capita income of tourists, relative price, and available rooms have a positive effect on tourism expenditure in Indonesia, while distance has a negative effect. Dummy variables capture large negative shocks in tourism arising from two terrorist attacks in 2002 and 2005, as well as from the global financial crisis in 2008. Income plays a positive but low impact on tourism demand compared to other nations. The positive effect of prices suggests an advantage of Indonesia in competitive tourism prices. Nevertheless, low prices also denote low value in tourism services. The substantial impact of accommodation may indicate that significant effects of tourism are allocated in lodging, minimizing the impact on other sectors.

ABSTRAKThe Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) is a form of regional cooperation of the coastal nations of the Indian Ocean that was established in 1997. Unlike other regional cooperation in the world that often emphasizes the political aspect. This association emphasizes the basis of economic and socio-cultural cooperation. For its member countries, the existence of IORA is very important in maximizing the economic, social and cultural benefits while keeping this area as a peaceful region. Given the importance of this regional cooperation, Indonesia as an IORA member country continues to play a significant role in strengthening the existence of this association and while continuing to develop bilateral forms of cooperation between the coastal nations of the Indian Ocean that can benefit Indonesia's national interests. In order to expand the forms of international cooperation within the IORA, the Indonesian government continues to maximize its efforts by engaging various stakeholders, including local governments. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of IORA for Indonesia, especially Aceh Province and how we can optimize the role of Aceh within the framework of IORA cooperation.Kata kunci: IORA, regional cooperation, Indonesia, Aceh Province

In accordance with Law no.37 of 1999 on foreign relations and law no.32 of 2004 on regional government further strengthen the position of local government to conduct an external relationship in an effort to build its own region. The purpose of this study is to describe more deeply about the cooperation of sister city Bandung city government in improving the creative economy industry in Bandung City and Petaling Jaya City, Malaysia with the program "Little Bandung" owned by the government of Bandung. In order to face the existence of ASEAN Economic Community (MEA). This study uses the approach of liberalism, the concept of creative economy, sister city, paradiplomasi and the theory of international cooperation. So as to illustrate the process of foreign cooperation implemented by the Government of Bandung. This research is descriptive and data collection technique through interview and literature study. In this study it can be concluded that with the existence of law no.37 of 1999 on foreign relations and law no.32 of 2004 on local government, a benchmark on each local government to build and develop its own region through an outside relationship Country in the form of cooperation among local governments apart from the central government.

The first batch of Tax Amnesty policy in Indonesia can affect the economy in other countries because of international cooperation, especially in ASEAN. This study tried to see the cointegration and the causality between stock market indices in the Big 5 ASEAN countries before the policy (October 5th 2015-July 01st 2016), during the policy (July 03rd 2016 - September 30th 2016), and after the policy (October 03rd 2016 - November 04th 2016). The data used is the closing value of daily stock market indices of the Big 5 countries in the ASEAN during those periods. The results showed that there is no cointegration relationship before and during the implementation of the first batch of Tax Amnesty policy. Otherwise, there is a cointegration relationship after the policy implemented. In addition, there is a causality relationship for the stock market index before the policy, such as Indonesia (JKSE) affects Singapore (STI) and Thailand (SET), while the Philippines (PSEi) affects Thailand (SET). During the policy, Thailand (SET) affects Indonesia (JKSE) and the Philippines (PSEi), while the Philippines (PSEi) affects Thailand (SET). After the policy, Thailand (SET) and Singapore (STI) affect each other, while Thailand (SET) affects Malaysia (KLCI).

In Indonesia, the level of compliance with mandatory disclosure in the State-Owned Enterprises still low. The low level of compliance of mandatory disclosure convergence of IFRS would indicate a lack of application of the principles of corporate governance in State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia. Thus this study aims to examine how the role of corporate governance on the level of compliance with mandatory disclosure convergence of IFRS on State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia. Measuring the level of convergence of IFRS mandatory disclosure compliance in this study using the Deloitte IFRS Presentation and Disclosure Checklist. By using purposive sampling technique, the sample used 6 that State-Owned Enterprises listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2008-2012. The average level of mandatory disclosure compliance at 70,6%. The results indicate that the number of commissioners and the number of audit committee members have effect on the level of compliance with mandatory disclosure of IFRS convergence, while the proportion of independent commissioner, education background of president commissioner and the proportion of women commissioners are not effect on the level of compliance with mandatory disclosure convergence of IFRS.Key words: Corporate Governance, the Level of Compliance, Mandatory Disclosure, Convergence of International Reporting Standards, Board Commissioner, Audit Committee

The power of movies are believed to be able to change the perception of international public towards particular country. Movies then became a popular thing as part of a country's cultural diplomacy because of its huge influence nowadays. A number of countries put movies as part of their cultural diplomacy. Likewise with Europe, which began to use Europe on Screen (EoS) as part of its cultural diplomacy. However, the debate about cultural diplomacy appears to be related to the objectives of cultural diplomacy itself. Some academicians believe that diplomacy is always related to the political goals of the state, while others believe that cultural diplomacy must be distinguished from other diplomatic activities because the aim is merely to foster mutual understanding and harmony through the introduction of culture. This article was written to understand the concept of cultural diplomacy and to know whether a movie can be part of cultural diplomacy, especially activities organized by Europe on Screen. This article will be presented by tracing back what is meant by cultural diplomacy and how the practice of cultural diplomacy through movies by a number of countries. By referring to the conception of cultural diplomacy and the practice of using movies by a number of countries, this article puts Europe on Screen as part of cultural diplomacy not because of the movies itself but from the overall project activities of the EoS. ; The power of movies are believed to be able to change the perception of international public towards particular country. Movies then became a popular thing as part of a country's cultural diplomacy because of its huge influence nowadays. A number of countries put movies as part of their cultural diplomacy. Likewise with Europe, which began to use Europe on Screen (EoS) as part of its cultural diplomacy. However, the debate about cultural diplomacy appears to be related to the objectives of cultural diplomacy itself. Some academicians believe that diplomacy is always related to the political goals of the state, while others believe that cultural diplomacy must be distinguished from other diplomatic activities because the aim is merely to foster mutual understanding and harmony through the introduction of culture. This article was written to understand the concept of cultural diplomacy and to know whether a movie can be part of cultural diplomacy, especially activities organized by Europe on Screen. This article will be presented by tracing back what is meant by cultural diplomacy and how the practice of cultural diplomacy through movies by a number of countries. By referring to the conception of cultural diplomacy and the practice of using movies by a number of countries, this article puts Europe on Screen as part of cultural diplomacy not because of the movies itself but from the overall project activities of the EoS.

This study addresses the two-fold question of whether the integration-liberalization process of ASEAN is headed towards the creation of a single production base region, and how ASEAN links with other trade blocks. It looks into the degree of intra-ASEAN and extra-ASEAN vertical integration vis-à-vis North America, East Asia, and the European Union through the measurement of value-added creation-absorption in global value chains (GVC) and by locating ASEAN within vertical structures. The study employs an international input-output database and breaks up gross exports into different components of value-added using data from 1997, 2004, and 2012. ASEAN has made significant gains in integrating with East Asia. However, ASEAN as a single production region has gained little, and even lost share in value-added trade with NAFTA and Europe. The truth is that ASEAN has a stronger role across the GVC as a supplier of intermediate goods (33%) than as a supplier of final goods (30%). Vertical structures represent more than 43% of ASEAN gross exports, but it still depends on foreign parts and components (35%) to produce its exports. It may be argued that ASEAN + 6, which entails a wider scope of integration, might offer larger benefits to the ASEAN project.

The results of previour research Wahyu (2001-2009), found the reinforce and complement the theory of Cognitive Development (Scheme) student (Extended Level Triad++) in the learning of mathematics. The purposes of the study are: 1) to generate a new theory about the Extended Level Triad++ ie levels of development schemes student to Graph Theory finer (from five levels to seven levels); 2) to determine the characteristics of the new levels of the triad (the Triad Level Extended++). In the qualitative research, data were collected from a task-based interview, then performed the data reduction, and presentation of data, as well as the next steps as set out in the flowchart prosesur collection and analysis of data, the data analysis will apply genetic decomposition analysis. Then to get a characterization of each level of the development carried out by the method-comparison analysis-fixed, by applying the theory of Glaser & Strauss, a theorizing process through four stages. The results of this study obtained in the form of advanced theory Extended Level Triad++. The theory is then summarized in a network schema development consisting of seven levels, ie the level of pre-intra, intra, semi-inter-level, international level, the level of semi-trans, trans level, and the level of extended- trans. Keywords: Extended Trans, Development Scheme, Triad Level

EDUCATION DECENTRALISATION AND ACTIVE SOCIETIE'S ROLE TOWARD QUALITY EDUCATION. Education is the key for a country to win the competition in today's era. The era of globalization has had implications for all aspects of our lives. Both positive and negative impacts. The positive impact of these developments such as the implementation of democracy in our country. The democratic system automatically make decentralization as a way to run this system. Decentralization as an attempt delegation of authority from superiors to subordinates to achieve a common goal.Decentralization of education to make officials and actors in the region have the authority to regulate and manage their own their own potential. However, there are many things that keep pace with the development of this run. As well as the opportunities, challenges, obstacles and the active role of society towards quality education. Opportunities that looks real is the potential of what we have. Such as human resource potential is quite large. These opportunities coupled with the implementation of MEAs in the year 2016. MEA becomes the arena for success not only in our country alone, but without success on the international arena area. As for the obstacles that lurk is the readiness of all elements of education in this country in the face of these challenges. However, we need not fear because we had something different from other nations. Community participation into something different and distinctive for the nation of Indonesia.

Need to be improved the existence of change for direction and development target in national, regional and international level, claim sensitivity of fishery sector to anticipate the condition. The objectives of the research are analyze fishery effort by taken into considerations: environmental influence, central government policy, local government policy to fishery sector performance and development target of Central Java fishery, and dominant factor which influence. To analyze complicated relation of each variable of fishery effort environment, central government policy, local government policy, capture fishery effort performance, processing industry performance, and development target of central Java fishery are used structural equation model (SEM) analysis with AMOS version 6 software. Collecting data conducted to 228 responder by using closed questionnaire which designed so responder gave opinion by choosing scale number which had scale 1-5 liker scale. The result show chi-square value (1128,994), probability (0,000), CMIN/ DF (1,634), GFI (0,805), AGFI (0,769), TLI (0,912) and RMSEA (0,053), at recommended value gyration, so the model have fit. From 15 examined hypothesis, there are 6 significant hypothesis that are hypothesis 6, hypothesis 7, hypothesis 8, hypothesis 11, hypothesis 12 and hypothesis 15, while hypothesis 1, hypothesis 2, hypothesis 3, hypothesis 4, hypothesis 5, hypothesis 9, hypothesis 10, hypothesis13, and hypothesis 14, proven not significant. Dominant factor in efficacy to development target of Central Java fishery is central government policy, with the component are training policy and accessed tuition.

Global Governance encompasses the world's political activities and the management of issues and phenomena that occurred on a nation-state, involving contributions from regional to the international environment. In the global security sector, there are numerous efforts carried out by a country to counter such external threats that can cause destabilization. Non-proliferation and nuclear developments for peace are such issues of the global defense-security concern. The attempts to control and ensure the use of nuclear has been carried out by enacting international law, resolutions, and multilateral agreements. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) is one kind. Influencing the world's security, politics, and economy, JCPOA began to be disrupted since the U.S. withdrawal as one of the parties that initially signed the agreement. This research aims to analyze The Collapse of Global Governance: When the U.S. Leaves the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). This research used a qualitative method with analysis based on secondary data, validated by the triangulation technique in this qualitative study. The analytical procedure uses secondary data from journals, media, and literature related to the Iran nuclear agreement and previous analyses discussing the U.S. exit from the JCPOA agreement. The analysis technique performs by arranging the data sequence, organizing the data into a pattern, category, and basic description. This research has found that Global Governance has fundamental weaknesses in its application. Through an analysis of the U.S. exit from the Iran nuclear agreement, it can be said that the reins of control are in the hands of the U.S. The Trump administration's policy on behalf of the U.S. to leave JCPOA to thwart the achievement of Global Governance and significantly affects the multi-national economic, political, and security order. The implementation of Global Governance and the issues also raised based on the interests of the superpowers. ; Global governance meliputi kegiatan politik dunia dan pengelolaan isu dan fenomena yang terjadi pada suatu negara kebangsaan, yang melibatkan kontribusi dari lingkungan regional hingga internasional. Di bidang keamanan global, banyak upaya yang dilakukan oleh suatu negara untuk melawan ancaman eksternal yang dapat menyebabkan destabilisasi. Non-proliferasi dan perkembangan nuklir untuk perdamaian adalah isu-isu yang menjadi perhatian pertahanan-keamanan global. Upaya pengendalian dan penjaminan penggunaan nuklir dilakukan melalui penetapan hukum internasional, resolusi, dan kesepakatan multilateral. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) adalah salah satunya. Mempengaruhi keamanan, politik, dan ekonomi dunia, keberadaan JCPOA mulai terganggu sejak mundurnya Amerika Serikat (AS) sebagai salah satu pihak yang awalnya menandatangani perjanjian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis Runtuhnya Global Governance: Saat Keluarnya AS dari Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan analisis berdasarkan data sekunder, divalidasi dengan teknik triangulasi dalam penelitian kualitatif ini. Prosedur analitis menggunakan data sekunder yang diambil dari jurnal, media, dan literatur terkait perjanjian nuklir Iran dan analisis sebelumnya yang membahas keluarnya AS dari perjanjian JCPOA. Teknik analisis dilakukan dengan menyusun urutan data, mengorganisasikan data ke dalam suatu pola, kategori, dan deskripsi dasar. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa global governance memiliki kelemahan mendasar dalam penerapannya. Melalui analisis keluarnya AS dari perjanjian nuklir Iran, dapat dikatakan bahwa kendali kendali berada di tangan AS. Kebijakan pemerintahan Trump mengatasnamakan AS keluar dari JCPOA untuk menggagalkan pencapaian global governance dan secara signifikan mempengaruhi tatanan ekonomi, politik, dan keamanan multi-nasional. Implementasi global governance dan permasalahannya juga diangkat berdasarkan kepentingan negara adidaya.

This paper is a revised version and an expanded version of the paper entitled 'Shares Divestment Scheme in Indonesian Mining Law'. Several cases of ICSID are cases of shares divestment, one of them is the Freeport case that offers divestment by giving the assumption of investment if the Government extends the Freeport Operational License until 2041. It violates determination of divestment share price as the value should be based on fair market price without calculating the amount of minerals. Shares divestment execution is often hampered by the determination of divestment shares' price. The purpose of the divestment arrangement was not achieved because of the price fixing issue which causes divestment failure or causes divestment delay, and the shares that were previously for the government eventually fell on private shareholders which might be owned by foreign parties. This paper is a legal research. It is intended to formulate a shares divestment scheme in the mining sector in Indonesia based on rational choice theory and public choice theory, which is expected to give a valuable contribution to the Government of the Republic of Indonesia as well as stakeholders and can be the ontological basis for laws and policies related to the investment and mining laws in Indonesia. The approaches which are used are the conceptual, statute, case and comparative approach. The primary legal materials that are used are legislation, international conventions and court decisions, while the secondary legal materials are in the form of literature and related materials.Key words: Investment law, mining law, national interest, rational choice theory, shares divestment.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menganalisis tentang peran pemerintah Indonesia dalam menangani masalah perdagangaan perempuan Indonesia ke Timur Tengah pada tahun 2016-2019. Namun di tengah upaya-upaya yang dilakukan, nyatanya pemerintah Indonesia juga memerlukan adanya sebuah elemen kerjasama dari sebuah lembaga ataupun organisasi, yang diharapkan mampu membantu upaya pemerintah untuk mengatasi masalah perdagangan perempuan yang terjadi di Indonesia, salah satu upaya pemerintah yaitu dengan menjalin kerjasama bersama Internastional Organization for Migration (IOM). Karena mengingat kasus tersebut merupakan kejahatan lintas negara yang terorganisasi yang tidak hanya terjadi didalam negara tetapi telah melintasi batas negara. IOM tidak hanya memenuhi kebutuhan bantuan yang berkaitan dengan fisik, namun juga menjamin dan memelihara lingkungan tempat tinggal yang terjamin kebersihan, keamanan hingga kenyamanan nya. Pemerintah Indonesia dan IOM sudah sama-sama melakukan upaya dalam menangani masalah perdagangan perempuan yang terjadi di Indonesia ke Timur Tengah tersebut, namun bukan berarti upaya tersebut menjamin akan berkurangnya masalah perdagangan orang yang terjadi di Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Indonesia, Perdagangan Orang, Internastional Organization for Migration (IOM), Timur Tengah. ABSTRACTThis research analyzes the role of the Indonesian government in dealing with the problem of trafficking of Indonesian women to the Middle East in 2016-2019. However, in the midst of the efforts made, in fact, the Indonesian government also needs an element of cooperation from an institution or organization, which is expected to be able to assist the government's efforts to overcome the problem of trafficking in women that occurs in Indonesia, one of the government's efforts is to collaborate with international partners. Organization for Migration (IOM). Because considering that the case is an organized transnational crime that does not only occur within the state but has crossed national bordersIOM not only meets physical assistance ...

This research attempts to analyze the reason or consideration of Indonesian government to not ratify Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) yet, in political economy analysis comprises interest of many actors, limitations of capacity of state, the influence of ratification towards Indonesian tobacco trade, FCTC implementation among the Parties, and projection of Indonesia's possibility to comply with this regulation. FCTC has a number of instruments in tobacco control which was arranged by World Health Organization since 1999. This research become necessary due to Indonesia as only one a country in Asia which have not ratified yet, whereas Indonesia has been the fifth biggest of tobacco consumer in the world. It is a qualitative research, where data were collected through interview technique to the certain sources, and other supporting data from books and publication document. It has been analyzed using Chayes concept about compliance and non-compliance with international regulatory agreement consist of ambiguity and lack of capacity, interests, norms, and efficiency. In observing this issue, we can clarify that different interests of actors have become major consideration of Indonesian government to not comply with this convention regarding on the differences priority within ministry, the existence of business actors to influence the decision maker, employment, tobacco farmers, and social cultural aspects. In the forthcoming, there is a possibility that Indonesia will ratify FCTC due to Tobacco Roadmap which is arranged by Ministry of Industry of Indonesia in long-term planning assert that health aspect will be the main priority more than state revenues and employment. In addition, there are a lot of regencies and cities in Indonesia which have been implementing tobacco control regulation. This research, eventually, is expected to provide input analysis to the government in accordance with FCTC.