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The legal regulation of EU's international trade policy after 2021: transformations, expectations, and challenges
The aim of the research: international trade is one of the most important instruments in the modern globalized economy which is used to achieve wealth and economic growth in all countries of the world that belong to the free trade and open market system governed by such international organizations as World Trade Organization (WTO) or World Customs Organization (WCO). This year (in February 2021) the European Commission also presented and outlined the EU future guidelines/strategy of the international trade and customs policy ("Trade Policy Review", COM (2021) 66 final (European Commission, 2021). Having this in mind, the author of the article reviews the provisions of the above-mentioned document regarding the planned changes in the EU trade policy towards specific third countries (major EU trading partners) and analyses their significance for the EU Member States (including Lithuania)
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The legal regulation of EU's international trade policy after 2021: transformations, expectations, and challenges
The aim of the research: international trade is one of the most important instruments in the modern globalized economy which is used to achieve wealth and economic growth in all countries of the world that belong to the free trade and open market system governed by such international organizations as World Trade Organization (WTO) or World Customs Organization (WCO). This year (in February 2021) the European Commission also presented and outlined the EU future guidelines/strategy of the international trade and customs policy ("Trade Policy Review", COM (2021) 66 final (European Commission, 2021). Having this in mind, the author of the article reviews the provisions of the above-mentioned document regarding the planned changes in the EU trade policy towards specific third countries (major EU trading partners) and analyses their significance for the EU Member States (including Lithuania)
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Advokatų teisės pagal tarptautinius dokumentus ; Lawyers rights according international legislation
Lawyers participate in justice implementation, represent and protect legal interests of his/her clients in the court, state or municipal institutions or other organizations. Professional activities of a lawyer require to follow legal and moral obligation to the client, a lawyer profession, society, courts and other institutions where he/she protects clients' interests, represent them and act the behalf of a client. A lawyer must protect professional honour and dignity, not to discredit a lawyer name, the given oath and the idea of justice. The article presents the examined essential principles in society of a lawyer role embedded in international legal acts. The article identifies lawyer rights and security in the relationships with clients and other state institutions, examines the contents of a lawyer right to join professional associations, presents legal proceedings of a disciplinary case and peculiarities of application of a lawyer legal responsibility and reveals the contents of a lawyer right to judicious compensation.
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Advokatų teisės pagal tarptautinius dokumentus ; Lawyers rights according international legislation
Lawyers participate in justice implementation, represent and protect legal interests of his/her clients in the court, state or municipal institutions or other organizations. Professional activities of a lawyer require to follow legal and moral obligation to the client, a lawyer profession, society, courts and other institutions where he/she protects clients' interests, represent them and act the behalf of a client. A lawyer must protect professional honour and dignity, not to discredit a lawyer name, the given oath and the idea of justice. The article presents the examined essential principles in society of a lawyer role embedded in international legal acts. The article identifies lawyer rights and security in the relationships with clients and other state institutions, examines the contents of a lawyer right to join professional associations, presents legal proceedings of a disciplinary case and peculiarities of application of a lawyer legal responsibility and reveals the contents of a lawyer right to judicious compensation.
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Advokatų teisės pagal tarptautinius dokumentus ; Lawyers rights according international legislation
Lawyers participate in justice implementation, represent and protect legal interests of his/her clients in the court, state or municipal institutions or other organizations. Professional activities of a lawyer require to follow legal and moral obligation to the client, a lawyer profession, society, courts and other institutions where he/she protects clients' interests, represent them and act the behalf of a client. A lawyer must protect professional honour and dignity, not to discredit a lawyer name, the given oath and the idea of justice. The article presents the examined essential principles in society of a lawyer role embedded in international legal acts. The article identifies lawyer rights and security in the relationships with clients and other state institutions, examines the contents of a lawyer right to join professional associations, presents legal proceedings of a disciplinary case and peculiarities of application of a lawyer legal responsibility and reveals the contents of a lawyer right to judicious compensation.
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Advokatų teisės pagal tarptautinius dokumentus ; Lawyers rights according international legislation
Lawyers participate in justice implementation, represent and protect legal interests of his/her clients in the court, state or municipal institutions or other organizations. Professional activities of a lawyer require to follow legal and moral obligation to the client, a lawyer profession, society, courts and other institutions where he/she protects clients' interests, represent them and act the behalf of a client. A lawyer must protect professional honour and dignity, not to discredit a lawyer name, the given oath and the idea of justice. The article presents the examined essential principles in society of a lawyer role embedded in international legal acts. The article identifies lawyer rights and security in the relationships with clients and other state institutions, examines the contents of a lawyer right to join professional associations, presents legal proceedings of a disciplinary case and peculiarities of application of a lawyer legal responsibility and reveals the contents of a lawyer right to judicious compensation.
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The legal regulationof EU's international trade policy after 2021: transformations, expectations and challenges
The article reviews the transformations and changes of the EU's international trade policy (Common Commercial Policy) since 2021 when the European Commission adopted the new strategic document, which outlines the future guidelines for the trade policy - communication called "Trade Policy Review - An Open, Sustainable and Assertive Trade Policy" (2021). The author examines its provisions by using systemic, historical, linguistical, comparative methods, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis, and concludes that the Trade Policy Review (2021) doesn't intend to completely change the existing trade regulatory framework in the EU or proposes to introduce major innovations regarding trade policies towards specific third countries. However, based on this document we should expect that the EU will continue to actively conclude bilateral free (preferential) trade agreements with the third countries and will implement a protectionist trade regime with the People's Republic of China. Besides, the research, presented in the article shows that the Trade Policy Review (2021) does not, in principle, offer any new fundamental ideas on how the EU's international trade with its other major trading partners (BRICS) should and will be developed - - this can be considered a critical feature of this document
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Tarptautinė taika ir saugumas jūrų erdvėje ; International peace and security in maritime domain
The research aims at establishing which activities or situations in maritime domain, which threaten maritime safety and / or maritime security, fall within the concept of international peace and security. Having demonstrated the validity of the international law principles that safeguard international peace and security in maritime area, the research reveals a changing list of the threats to international peace and security, which now encompasses activities and situations at sea, including terrorism, sea piracy and armed robbery against ships, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, etc. A maritime space safe from such kind of threats generally means maritime security. Thus, a great part of the threats to maritime security are or may constitute threats to international peace and security, subject to their recognition as such threats by the United Nations Security Council in its resolutions. Usually such threats also pose risk to maritime safety (safety at sea, safety of navigation, ships, crew and passengers); however, any threat to maritime safety does not necessarily endanger maritime security or amount to the threat to international peace and security.
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The expatriate experience: the factors of international assignment success ; Ekspatrianto patirtis: tarptautinio paskyrimo sėkmės veiksniai
This article analyzes the factors of expatriate international assignment success: the process, empirical level, the experience of expatriates on a national level. Theoretical and empirical analysis reveals that success depends mostly on the candidates selected, their motivation, ability to adjust to change, wish to improve, ability to adjust to a new environment, effectively act in order to achieve goals, the situation of an employee's family. The results of the research carried out showed that one of most complex stages of the expatriation process is the adjustment of expatriates during international assignment which has significant impact on international assignment success and satisfaction of individual expectations or various failures and emergence of individual problems. It has been proved that the success of the adjustment stage and the entire expatriation process is mostly influenced by the personal strengths of employees, their professional, social, adjustment skills, international experience and a favorable situation of their families
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Tarptautinių nevyriausybinių organizacijų tinklų veikla ; The work of the network of international non-governmental organization
Due to the effective use of the new communication technologies international non-governmental organizations have increased its working boundaries, the number of activities, members involved, as well as it's influence to the important decision making of the governments and intergovernmental organizations. The international non-governmental organizations are specific, as it is working in many different countries, which has different culture and economic situation, while the branches of these organizations often consists of many volunteers, giving their spare time to the idea of the organization. That's why the cultural and individual basis are more important to the non-governmental organizations, because each of the volunteer have an important influence. The differences of the individuals also causes the different use of new communication technologies. The aim of the paper is to analyze the work of the non-governmental organizations, as an investigation source using it's internal social networks and to determine the role of the computer mediated communication in it's activities. The research of the articles about the international non-governmental organizations, social networks and computer-mediated communication was made in order to investigate the selected international non-governmental organizations use of the communication technologies. The paper can be useful to the chairpersons and manages of the communication as well as to each member or staff in the international non-governmental organization.
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Tarptautinių nevyriausybinių organizacijų tinklų veikla ; The work of the network of international non-governmental organization
Due to the effective use of the new communication technologies international non-governmental organizations have increased its working boundaries, the number of activities, members involved, as well as it's influence to the important decision making of the governments and intergovernmental organizations. The international non-governmental organizations are specific, as it is working in many different countries, which has different culture and economic situation, while the branches of these organizations often consists of many volunteers, giving their spare time to the idea of the organization. That's why the cultural and individual basis are more important to the non-governmental organizations, because each of the volunteer have an important influence. The differences of the individuals also causes the different use of new communication technologies. The aim of the paper is to analyze the work of the non-governmental organizations, as an investigation source using it's internal social networks and to determine the role of the computer mediated communication in it's activities. The research of the articles about the international non-governmental organizations, social networks and computer-mediated communication was made in order to investigate the selected international non-governmental organizations use of the communication technologies. The paper can be useful to the chairpersons and manages of the communication as well as to each member or staff in the international non-governmental organization.
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Tarptautinių nevyriausybinių organizacijų tinklų veikla ; The work of the network of international non-governmental organization
Due to the effective use of the new communication technologies international non-governmental organizations have increased its working boundaries, the number of activities, members involved, as well as it's influence to the important decision making of the governments and intergovernmental organizations. The international non-governmental organizations are specific, as it is working in many different countries, which has different culture and economic situation, while the branches of these organizations often consists of many volunteers, giving their spare time to the idea of the organization. That's why the cultural and individual basis are more important to the non-governmental organizations, because each of the volunteer have an important influence. The differences of the individuals also causes the different use of new communication technologies. The aim of the paper is to analyze the work of the non-governmental organizations, as an investigation source using it's internal social networks and to determine the role of the computer mediated communication in it's activities. The research of the articles about the international non-governmental organizations, social networks and computer-mediated communication was made in order to investigate the selected international non-governmental organizations use of the communication technologies. The paper can be useful to the chairpersons and manages of the communication as well as to each member or staff in the international non-governmental organization.
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Tarptautinių nevyriausybinių organizacijų tinklų veikla ; The work of the network of international non-governmental organization
Due to the effective use of the new communication technologies international non-governmental organizations have increased its working boundaries, the number of activities, members involved, as well as it's influence to the important decision making of the governments and intergovernmental organizations. The international non-governmental organizations are specific, as it is working in many different countries, which has different culture and economic situation, while the branches of these organizations often consists of many volunteers, giving their spare time to the idea of the organization. That's why the cultural and individual basis are more important to the non-governmental organizations, because each of the volunteer have an important influence. The differences of the individuals also causes the different use of new communication technologies. The aim of the paper is to analyze the work of the non-governmental organizations, as an investigation source using it's internal social networks and to determine the role of the computer mediated communication in it's activities. The research of the articles about the international non-governmental organizations, social networks and computer-mediated communication was made in order to investigate the selected international non-governmental organizations use of the communication technologies. The paper can be useful to the chairpersons and manages of the communication as well as to each member or staff in the international non-governmental organization.
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Įmonės tarptautinės prekybos plėtros finansavimo modeliai ; Financing models of international trade development of company
A company needs to first calculate the risk factors and look at both advantages and disadvantages of international trade financing methods before choosing one. Also, a company must take into account the conditions of supplying, their partners and their own financial stance, countries' political, economic and social situation, the cost of international financing method. A company may choose the right, most secure and trustworthy international trade financing method after it has properly evaluated these factors. Therefore, the task of choosing the right method is relevant to every company engaging in international trade operations. It determines this master thesis topic's relevancy. The object of study of this master thesis – a company's international trade expansion and its financial models. The aim – to make a comparison of Mantinga , Ltd international trade financing models' analysis after the research of a company's international trade financial alternatives. The tasks established to achieve the set object are as follows: name the problems of international trade financing after thoroughly investigating international trade importance to companies' activities; unveil the essence of international trade financing based on scientific literature analysis; identify the fundamental financing models of international trade; form a methodology for the research of international trade financing; conduct the models' analysis of international trade expanse financing of Mantinga, Ltd. Lately, it has been noticed that the international trade scale is increasing. The financial reserves needed to engage in and expand such trade, determine the importance of choosing sources and methods of such trade. Thus, every company encounters obstacles which are related to its international trade financing source (inner or outer) and methods that reduce expenses and minimalize risks related to the companies' international trade operations decisions. The financing of international trade operations is distinguished by quite a large variety. Depending on the duration and objectives of funding, the amount of the transaction, the own funds of economic entities, additional participants (factoring, forfeiting organizations, export credit agencies) or certain financing conditions (discounting, bank guarantees) could be included into the model. The advantage of each model of international trade financing is the increasing of competitiveness – payment conditions are increasingly used as competitive instruments during the negotiation process. Customers seek for bargains to ensure reliable and attractive credit conditions. Merchants who have access to financing instruments are in a better position, which can stimulate export and national income growth. Based on Mantinga', Ltd financial responsibility and its financial activities results analysis, it was established that Mantinga, Lt should adopt factoring for its export since its expenses are 53 percent less than the bank's financed credit value for the same scale exports. The company also benefits additionally with factoring. It no longer needs to make discounts to clients who check out expeditiously. The risk of customers not paying in time gets eliminated and, as such, detriments are saved due to such failed payments. Factoring also improves customers' payment behavior, enhances the company's credit rating and the overall appeal in the view of interested countries.
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