Suchergebnisse

The author defines the cyberspace as a new dimension of political space and as a field of political interaction and confrontation of various political actors. The differences between cyberspace and the Internet-space are analyzed. It is shown that modern society is becoming specifically networked and digital, the relations in machine-mediated social and media net-works complement or replace communications based on the face to face interaction of political actors. ; Вступ. У сучасному світі інформація є одним із найважливіших ресурсів і, одночасно, однією з рушійних сил. Стрімкий розвиток та поширення нових інформаційних і комунікативних технологій призвели до глобальної інформаційної революції, яка здійснює значний вплив на всі сфери. Мета і завдання. Метою статті є аналіз природи кіберпростору і його вплив на характер сучасних міжнародних відносин. Завдання полягає у виявленні особливостей і основних відмінностей кіберпростору. Результати дослідження. Поняття «кіберпростору» пройшло довгий шлях концептуалізації з моменту своєї появи в науково-фантастичній літературі на початку 1980-х років. Розуміння кіберпростору як комунікативного простору не є новим, оскільки воно з'являється задовго до комп'ютерів та Інтернету. Завдяки спільному кіберпростору сучасне суспільство стає специфічно мережевим і цифровим, тобто таким, де відносини в машинно-опосередкованих соціальних і медіамережах доповнюють або замінюють комунікації, засновані на взаємодії політичних акторів. Кіберпростір порівняно з іншими просторами людської діяльності має такі риси: це є інформаційний простір; в ін є комунікативним середовищем; утворюється за допомогою технічних систем; кіберпростір може постійно копіюватися, множитися і відтворюватися, щоє характерною ознакою соціуму; кіберпростір радикально збільшує швидкість, обсяг і дальність взаємозв'язку не тільки держав і корпорацій, а й окремих громадян, які можуть використовувати його для глобального, майже миттєвого спілкування, використовуючи різноманітні інформаційні засоби. Обговорення. ...

У статті розглянуто основні проблеми та причини міграційних процесів в Україні, наведено статистику основних показників міграції робочої сили в Україні. Автором зазначено основні напрями трудової міграції з України та охарактеризовано взаємозв`язок економічних та політичних процесів з міграцією робочої сили в Україні. Особливу увагу в статті приділено визначенню позитивних та негативних сторін міграції робочої сили та виокремлено вплив відтоку «інтелектуального» потенціалу. На основі проведеного дослідження визначено основні економічні наслідки міграційних процесів в Україні та зазначено їх вплив на соціально-економічні процеси в Україні. У статті запропоновані заходи щодо використання позитивних наслідків міграції на користь держави, що мають бути направлені на зміни в нормативно-правовому та мотивування громадян до інвестування коштів в національну економіку. ; The article deals with the main problems and causes of migration processes in Ukraine, provides statistics on the main indicators of labor migration in Ukraine. The author outlines the main directions of labor migration from Ukraine and describes the interconnection of economic and political processes with labor migration in Ukraine. Particular attention has paid in the article to determining the positive and negative aspects of the labor migration, and the influence of the outflow of "intellectual" potential has identified. Based on the conducted research, the main economic consequences of migration processes in Ukraine been outlined and their impact on socioeconomic processes in Ukraine is indicated. The article proposes measures on the use of positive effects of migration in favor of the state, which should been directed to changes in the normative and legal motivation of citizens to invest in the national economy.

Contemporary diplomacy will largely depend on the path to the creation of a new world order. There are different options for the political structure of the world: from the unipolar / multipolar world to the world government. The role of non-state actors will increase in the international arena, while the process of eroding national sovereignty will continue. In this regard, diplomacy faces serious tests of strength, it will have to adapt to current conditions, as well as perform a joint function between state and non-state actors in international relations. Information flows become the levers of governance, namely, socio-economic, socio-political, international processes. Today we can speak of "the emergence of a global information industry that is undergoing a period of technological convergence, organisational combinations, legislative liberalisation, and the role of knowledge, information in economic development, the emergence of new forms of the "electronic" democracy, structural changes in employment". The role of international organisations in international relations has undergone qualitative changes. They have become auxiliary tools for solving particular problems of interaction of sovereign states into a segment of international life. International organisations play an extremely important role in conflict resolution. Conflict prevention is becoming increasingly important in their activities. The mechanism for resolving conflicts by organisations is predominantly political in nature, but it is based on international law.

The qualification (bachelor's) work examines the fashion industry and international relations, the main directions of international information activities in the field of fashion, and the factors influencing the modern fashion industry. In the work, the influence of political communication and art cinematography on international relations was revealed, and the analysis of the current state of the fashion industry in the world was carried out. ; У кваліфікаційній (бакалаврській) роботі досліджено індустрію моди та міжнародні відносини, основні напрямки міжнародної інформаційної діяльності в сфері моди, фактори, що впливають на сучасну індустрію моди. В процесі роботи було виявлено вплив політичної комунікації і художньої кінематографії на міжнародні відносини та здійснено аналіз сучасного стану індустрії моди в світі. Досліджено ключових гравців індустрій моди - модні будинки, масові виробники, рітейлери, модні стартапи - та їх участь у міжнародних відносинах.

One of the most important (and top-priority for solving) reasons for the insufficient effectiveness of international law in the fight against terrorism is the lack of a universal international legal definition of terrorism (hereinafter referred to as the definition of terrorism). The article outlines the problems of adopting the definition of terrorism; revealed some negative consequences of the absence of a definition of terrorism in international law. It is pointed out that in order to accept the definition of terrorism, it is necessary to identify the characteristics and specific features of terrorism that distinguish it from other types of offenses and which (characteristics and features) could be used as a basis for defining elements of terrorism as well as the basis for the definition of terrorism. We agree that in the context we should focus on the following recognized in the doctrine essential characteristics of terrorist methods of action: violent basis of action; political motivation and goal setting; use of intimidation as a tool to achieve the goal; intent to cause innocent casualties and adequate destruction. It is concluded that terrorism is an international crime. We agree with the positions of experts according to which the prohibition of terrorism is a norm of general international law in the form of customary international law. It points to the need to adopt a norm in positive international law that would clearly state that violating the prohibition of terrorism is an international crime. We consider the position of experts to be noteworthy, according to which the prohibition of terrorism is the norm of jus cogens. The norms of jus cogens are aimed at protecting fundamental, basic or higher interests or fundamental humanitarian values. These fundamental values include human rights and the right to human dignity, which are fundamental and belong to all people. It seems obvious that the prohibition of terrorism protects the fundamental values of humanity and human dignity. Terrorism is a threat ...

The author of the article has studied the problem of increasing the extent of drug abuse and illicit trafficking, which poses a serious threat to the health and well-being of people and has a negative impact on the economic, cultural and political foundations of the world order. It has been stressed that the problem of combating drug addiction and related offenses can not be solved by means of unilateral actions at the national level. Therefore, the author has considered the role of Ukraine in international cooperation, as well as the integration of the current national system into the relevant structures of the European Union. The author has highlighted the features of international cooperation in counteracting drug crimes, which reside in the fact that the social danger of such acts and their unlawfulness are determined in international treaties, the subjects of which are the states. The obligation of the states is mainly to implement the punishment for such acts into national law, giving each other the necessary legal assistance, including the extradition of offenders. Consequently, the author has suggested concrete measures aimed at fruitful and mutually beneficial cooperation with the EU, which will also contribute to bringing the political, economic and social systems of Ukraine in line with European criteria and will form the atmosphere of a single space. ; Розглянуто роль України в міжнародному співробітництві у сфері протидії наркозлочинності, а також проблеми інтеграції чинної національної системи боротьби з наркоманією та пов'язаними з нею правопорушеннями до відповідних структур Європейського Союзу.

The article deals with the issue of the conflicts of laws in international private law. It has been found out that each state has its own legal regulation of the relations which leads to conflicts of material norms of various states and complicates legal regulation of international relationships. The law of the states has many differences in regulation of various relations which provides for application of a connecting factor as one of the ways to solve the problem. It has been proved that international private law has a significant role in regulation of relations with a foreign element. As for international private law which norms are formed independently by each state, compliance with treaty obligations as well as rules and principles of international law by each state is significant to each state. At the same time, codification of international private law is the main way for systematization and legislative implementation of conflict of laws, material and procedural provisions designated for regulation of private relations with foreign element. Qualification of legal definitions which are applied in formulation of the rule of the conflict of laws is a burning issue as well. It has been established that the procedure for qualification in international private law should identify the model of relations and consists of three stages which are: interpretation of the rule; analysis of relations; comparison of the rule and relations. It has been clarified that the situation of a mobile conflict and the issue of acceptance or failure to accept remission and remission to the law of the third state relate to the issue regarding application of the rule of the conflict of laws in international private law. We think that the first priority task is to bring national laws on international private law in compliance with modern conditions of international civil and trade turnover. For the future development it is necessary to introduce a single legislative act which will take into account all these issues and the mechanism ...

The article discloses the formation, development and modern state of private international law in the European Union. The concept of "European private international law", including an analysis of the term in a narrow, wide and broadest sense is revealed in the article. The author analyses three main stages in the development of the private international law in the EU, in particular: formation (1957 ‒ 1999); active development ‒ after the entry into force of the Amsterdam Treaty (1999 ‒ 2009); modern period ‒ after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty (2009 ‒ present). This article examines the limits of EU legislation as the source of a single law and highlights the difficulties associated with projects on the codification of private law in the EU. Such an approach may be appropriate in the current state of EU integration if it is limited by the rules of binding contract law and the provisions of private international law. Further harmonization of private law in Europe also requires significant changes in the institutional structure for the creation of uniform rules and the development of new methods of regulation. There are three features of the development of the private international law in the EU: 1) the gradual transition from internationalization to Europeanization; 2) evolution to reduce the "flexibility" of conflict regulation of contractual relations through greater certainty in application; 3) if in 1999 the international convention was the source of unification of the private international law, then after this date the regulation becomes the standard source of unification. Private international law in the EU can be defined as the interconnection and interaction between the systems of national law of the EU Member States and the system of uniform (unified) legal norms aimed at regulating private legal relations with a foreign element within the EU. European private international law can be seen in a narrow sense (conflict of law), broad sense (covers conflict and conflict law) and the broadest ...

Subject of this article investigation is theoretical and methodological aspects of institutional support of international economic cooperation in the sphere of renewable energy. Objective of the article is to highlight the core and do research into the common factors and newest trends concerning institutional support of international economic cooperation in the sphere of renewable energy. Method. When in use for article preparation the following general scientific research methods were used: historical and logical methods are applied while investigating into international experience and analysis of international economic cooperation evolution in energy area; abstract and specific methods as well as methods of analysis and synthesis are used for justification of priorities, rules and goals of institutional support of international economic cooperation in the sphere of renewable energy and definition of international organizations role while their implementing. Causal (cause-and-effect) method of scientific research is employed to determine priorities and challenges regarding institutional support of international economic cooperation in the sphere of renewable energy development as an essential part of the sustainable development transition processes. Results. The development of renewable energy in XXI century has become a strategic priority of world energy market modernization, promotes the solution to the problem of global warming, reduces the risks of CO2 emissions as well as related risks of increase in climate refugees, world countries' coastal areas flooding, so reduces a risk of famine and incidence of poverty among the Earth population. Institutional support of renewable energy development is provided by such international organizations as UN, UNDP, UNEP, URS, BASE, UNIDO, IRENA etc. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Kyoto Protocol (expired), Paris Agreement on Climate Change were adopted. According to UNDP forecasts, scenarios for the share of renewables in world supplies by 2050 in ...

The article examines the features of international relations in the context of the migration crisis at the present stage. The main objectives of the study were to characterize the historical causes of the current migration crisis in the field of international relations, assess the regulatory framework of migration policy of the European Union, recommendations for improving international relations in the context of the current migration crisis in European countries. The methodology of scientific research is based on the dialectical method, which summarizes all the phenomena and processes that take place in the field of international relations in its relationship and interdependence. In the process of writing the article there were used methods of analysis and synthesis – in the study of the peculiarities of the system of international relations; monographic – when presenting consistent material related to the specified research topic; historical – in describing the causes of the migration crisis; comparison – when assessing the situation in the EU and Ukraine; abstract-logical – in substantiating the logical sequence of events in the international arena, which caused the migration crisis at the present stage of development of society. The result of the study was the generalization of proposals to improve the situation in the field of international relations, the development of recommendations for a common migration policy of European countries and the possibility of involving Ukraine in solving these problems. As conclusions, it is stated that the relationship between European countries is imperfect, and this encourages the leadership of European countries to seek new ways of cooperation in the context of resolving the migration crisis. The significance of the study lies in understanding the need for joint action by Ukraine and the EU to address the migration problem.

The authors attempt to conceptualize approaches to determination of the nature and place of conflicts in international relations, as well as ways to resolve international conflicts in the modern theory of international relations. An international conflict is defined by the authors as an open political clash of two or more states (or other international actors) on the basis of differences or conflicts of interest. The views of leading theorists of realism, liberalism, and Marxism as directions in the theory of international relations were outlined. It was found that the end of the Cold War created further discussion about the prospects of world politics in the new conditions. During this period, the concepts of F. Fukuyama, S. Huntington, I. Wallerstein appeared, J. Galtung, M. Kaplan, K. Waltz, S. Brown and others expressed their views on the prospects of world politics and the nature of conflicts in the XXI century. Theorists of different scientific political science schools point on the persistence of conflicts in international relations, but their views on the nature of conflicts and the possibility of conflict management are different. The views of theorists on the influence of the structure of international relations system on the nature and intensity of international conflicts are systematized. The authors note that in the context of the study of international conflicts, the legal aspects of the regulation of international relations are of particular importance. In view of this, the main function of international law is to regulate international relations, the main subjects of which are states. Sovereignty remains the main feature of the state. It is noted that the mechanisms of formation and operation of international law are interstate, not supranational. It is determined that under modern conditions the attributes of modern international politics are regional crises, hybrid wars, information blockades, which do not contribute to the formation of a stable system of international relations ; У статті здійснено спробу концептуалізації підходів до визначення природи і місця конфліктів у міжнародних відносинах, а також шляхів вирішення міжнародних конфліктів у сучасній теорії міжнародних відносин. Міжнародний конфлікт визначається авторами як відкрите політичне зіткнення двох і більше держав (або інших міжнародних акторів) на підставі розбіжності або суперечності їх інтересів. Були окреслені погляди провідних теоретиків реалізму, лібералізму, марксизму як напрямів у теорії міжнародних відносин. З'ясовано, що завершення «холодної війни» створило подальшу дискусію про перспективи світової політики в нових умовах. У цей період з'являються концепції Ф. Фукуями, С. Гантінгтона, І. Валлерстайна, свій погляд на перспективи світової політики і характер конфліктів у XXI столітті висловлюють Й. Галтунг, М. Каплан, К. Уолтц, С. Браун та інші. Теоретики, які належать до різних наукових політологічних шкіл, вказують на збереження конфліктогенності в міжнародних відносинах, проте їх погляди на природу конфліктів та можливість управління конфліктами відрізняються. Систематизовано погляди теоретиків щодо впливу структури системи міжнародних відносин на характер та інтенсивність міжнародних конфліктів. Автори зазначають, що в контексті дослідження міжнародних конфліктів особливого значення набувають правові аспекти регулювання міжнародних відносин. З огляду на це головною функцією міжнародного права є врегулювання міжнародних відносин, основними суб'єктами яких є держави. А основною ознакою держави залишається її суверенітет. Зазначено, що механізми формування і дії норм міжнародного права носять міждержавний, а не наддержавний характер. Визначено, що за сучасних умов атрибутами сучасної міжнародної політики регіональні кризи, гібридні війни, інформаційні блокади, які не сприяють формуванню стійкої системи міжнародних відносин.

The authors attempt to conceptualize approaches to determination of the nature and place of conflicts in international relations, as well as ways to resolve international conflicts in the modern theory of international relations. An international conflict is defined by the authors as an open political clash of two or more states (or other international actors) on the basis of differences or conflicts of interest. The views of leading theorists of realism, liberalism, and Marxism as directions in the theory of international relations were outlined. It was found that the end of the Cold War created further discussion about the prospects of world politics in the new conditions. During this period, the concepts of F. Fukuyama, S. Huntington, I. Wallerstein appeared, J. Galtung, M. Kaplan, K. Waltz, S. Brown and others expressed their views on the prospects of world politics and the nature of conflicts in the XXI century. Theorists of different scientific political science schools point on the persistence of conflicts in international relations, but their views on the nature of conflicts and the possibility of conflict management are different. The views of theorists on the influence of the structure of international relations system on the nature and intensity of international conflicts are systematized. The authors note that in the context of the study of international conflicts, the legal aspects of the regulation of international relations are of particular importance. In view of this, the main function of international law is to regulate international relations, the main subjects of which are states. Sovereignty remains the main feature of the state. It is noted that the mechanisms of formation and operation of international law are interstate, not supranational. It is determined that under modern conditions the attributes of modern international politics are regional crises, hybrid wars, information blockades, which do not contribute to the formation of a stable system of international relations ; У статті здійснено спробу концептуалізації підходів до визначення природи і місця конфліктів у міжнародних відносинах, а також шляхів вирішення міжнародних конфліктів у сучасній теорії міжнародних відносин. Міжнародний конфлікт визначається авторами як відкрите політичне зіткнення двох і більше держав (або інших міжнародних акторів) на підставі розбіжності або суперечності їх інтересів. Були окреслені погляди провідних теоретиків реалізму, лібералізму, марксизму як напрямів у теорії міжнародних відносин. З'ясовано, що завершення «холодної війни» створило подальшу дискусію про перспективи світової політики в нових умовах. У цей період з'являються концепції Ф. Фукуями, С. Гантінгтона, І. Валлерстайна, свій погляд на перспективи світової політики і характер конфліктів у XXI столітті висловлюють Й. Галтунг, М. Каплан, К. Уолтц, С. Браун та інші. Теоретики, які належать до різних наукових політологічних шкіл, вказують на збереження конфліктогенності в міжнародних відносинах, проте їх погляди на природу конфліктів та можливість управління конфліктами відрізняються. Систематизовано погляди теоретиків щодо впливу структури системи міжнародних відносин на характер та інтенсивність міжнародних конфліктів. Автори зазначають, що в контексті дослідження міжнародних конфліктів особливого значення набувають правові аспекти регулювання міжнародних відносин. З огляду на це головною функцією міжнародного права є врегулювання міжнародних відносин, основними суб'єктами яких є держави. А основною ознакою держави залишається її суверенітет. Зазначено, що механізми формування і дії норм міжнародного права носять міждержавний, а не наддержавний характер. Визначено, що за сучасних умов атрибутами сучасної міжнародної політики регіональні кризи, гібридні війни, інформаційні блокади, які не сприяють формуванню стійкої системи міжнародних відносин.

The article is devoted to the problem of tolerance in various spheres of social life and especially in international practice it contributes to the solution of many social problems emerged within society. The urgency of the study is to use the most accepted tolerant practices for the manifestation of new cultural communication in international practice, as well as to show how diplomatic measures can prevent world conflicts. The purpose of the paper is to consider and analyse the concept of "tolerance", its limits of application are established. In today's world, the problem is aggravated in the context of social conflicts, social tension in the international community, and the diplomatic platform in various types of societies. The problem of tolerance covers all spheres of social life of any state: social, political, religious, and personal. The concept of tolerance is an antithesis of antipathy, hatred, and hostile attitude. The article reveals the typology of tolerance in all social spheres of its existence. Along with the notion of "tolerance" in society there is also the concept of "intolerance". Intolerance has often a hidden position, an implicit one. In particular, tolerance is studied as a universal condition of man existence and the interconnection of people in the space of intercultural relations. The methodological approaches to resolving conflicts by diplomatic methods and sociological-analytical analysis of tolerant practices are revealed. There is no need for Ukraine to resort to tolerance level reduction as this can lead to a negative impact on the international image as a European legal democratic state. It may cause a potential threat to the peaceful coexistence of national and ethnic minorities, as well as to civil society formation and the Ukrainian political nation development.

The purpose of the article is to analyze and summarize the current requirements of international legal standards in the field of protection prisoners' rights and their treatment with regard to selecting and training the personnel of penal bodies and institutions; recommendations concerning their incorporation into the current legislation of Ukraine have been developed. The relevance of the chosen topic is explained by the importance of the international and legal component of selecting and training the personnel of penal bodies and institutions in the context of modern integration processes of world and European level, including the sphere of penitentiary activity. Investigating the problem of selecting and training qualified personnel for the penitentiary system of Ukraine, taking into account the requirements of international and legal standards should contribute to strengthening the legitimacy in the activities of the personnel of penal bodies and institutions, strengthening the discipline, stimulating the development of employees' professionally important qualities. Domestic and foreign scholars, in particular V.A. Anishchenko, V.A. Badyra, V.V. Vasylevych, V.B. Dvortsov, O.I. Ivankov, V.A. Lovochkin, S.V. Pietkov, O.B. Ptashynskyi, M.S. Puzyrov, V.M. Synov, O.O. Tymofieieva, V.O. Utkin studied specific aspects of the problem of influence of international and legal standards on selecting and training the personnel of penal bodies and institutions. The purpose of the article is to prove the fact that the basic provisions of international and legal standards in the field of protection prisoners' rights and their treatment serve as legal guidelines for reforming not only the national penal system, but are the basic values, which the penitentiary systems of most modern civilized states seek for. 1. In accordance with the essence of international and legal standards, the personnel of penal bodies and institutions shall include specialized staff, in particular social workers, medical staff, psychologists, senior ...