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After the 2008 financial crisis, research on topics related to debt literacy gradually intensified. However, there were only 251 articles that looked at debt literacy between 1985 to 2020. Scholars' interest in identifying the cause of the Lehman Brothers collapse has skyrocketed since it happened. The biggest contributing factor is allegedly a lack of financial knowledge. The dimensions relating to debt literacy can be solved and mapped using this bibliometric methodology. Using Vos-viewer software and publish or perish can assist determine it. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs Publication Background Notes Series has nine publications, and the International Journal of Consumer Studies has eight. These two publications account for the majority of all publications. Cwynar, Gathergood, and Lusardi are three researchers who are involved in and concerned about the subject of debt literacy. With 97 publications, the United States is the largest publishing nation overall. Gender, adulthood, household finances, financial management, financial knowledge, financial aptitude, and excessive debt are all relevant topics for future research in the area of debt literacy.

Technological opportunities have a transformative impact on labour markets. In this article, we aim to study the ways in which digital technologies contribute to the development of the digital model of the labour market and digital platforms. We aim to highlight digital opportunities to support efforts to ensure the development of strategies, policies and labour market transformations. We intend to build the digital model of the labour market within the model of the systemic digital economy, in close connection with other digitalization models (business, financial markets, public finance, commerce, industry, agriculture, transport). An important part of the study focuses on the opportunities for sustainable financing of the digitized labour market, as financial services interact closely with labour market institutions, which reflect on labour outcomes. We propose that the digital model of the labour market in close correlation with the digital business model will developed with investments from employers in the training of employees in digitization, new modern professional knowledge, which will allow an integration of companies in global markets. The financial-monetary dimension of companies in the context of globalization also requires radical transformations to ensure companies' access to the international financial markets.

The article analyzes the political discourse concerning direct democracy between 1985–89, when the issue of introducing popular vote at local and national level became relevant, both as a general institutional reform of political decision-making, and as the result of some major initiatives launched by social movements. The analysis covers the related law journal articles, party-state documents, the writings of political and intellectual elites (including the opposition), and the wider public (mainly daily and weekly newspapers). The discourse analysis is based on the academic literature of direct democracy and some new aspects, like the timing of introducing direct democracy, its role and perspectives, the consideration of threats and benefits, and the relevance of international examples as possible models for reform. The paper finds that the opposition and the party-state regarded the introduction of popular vote differently: while the emerging opposition emphasised the function of controling the state power by popular votes, the party-state expected to stop shrinking its social legitimacy. Meanwhile, general public seemed to be indifferent about this remarkable democratic reform.

AbstractThe ability to act politically is supposedly one of the core competencies of youth workers in Germany. Surprisingly, there is little knowledge about political activities of youth workers in Germany and elsewhere. In this article, I address this research gap by questioning how youth workers act politically. I present findings from the qualitative research project "civic education in youth work" and provide insights into the narrated practices of the interviewed youth workers in their contact with local politics and authorities. Based on a reconstructive interpretation using the documentary method (Bohnsack in Documentary Method. In U. Flick (Ed.), The sage handbook of qualitative analysis (pp. 217–233). Sage, 2014; Nohl in Narrative interview and documentary interpretation. In R. Bohnsack, N. Pfaff, & W. Weller (Eds.), Qualitative Analysis and Documentary Method in International Education Research (pp. 195–217). Barbara Budrich, 2010), I am able to identify three different types of political practices of youth workers and their underlying implicit orientations. There are youth workers who are reluctant to engage politically, who engage only in the face of an immediate threat, or who engage politically as part of their professional role as youth workers.

The war in Ukraine is causing problematic disruptions far beyond the country's national borders. Black Sea shipping routes have been disrupted to the extent the Ukrainian grain exports are being kept from global markets, thereby jeopardizing food security in some regions of the world. Introduction. As the war in Ukraine approaches its sixth month, the conflict appears to be threatening the supply of grain to several other nations, thereby endangering international food supplies. The disruption to Black Sea shipping routes as a result of the armed conflict not only hinders Ukrainian grain exports to other nations, but also impedes storage capacity for harvested grains since lack of exporting capability means silos remain full and unable to accept newer harvests. Discussion. Antonio Guterres, UN Secretary-General, has warned that the war in Ukraine will worsen food, energy and economic crises in poor countries (Bankova et al, 2022). "It threatens to tip tens of millions of people over the edge into food insecurity followed by malnutrition, mass hunger and famine, in a crisis that could last for years (ibid)" Guterres said.

Throughout the 1950s, colonial Kenya experimented with multiracial governance – maintaining separate racial identities and instituting group political representation – as a strategy for protecting white supremacy. Though independence negotiations in 1960 ended political multiracialism, in cultural arenas, white sports officials – and their conservative allies in the International Olympic Committee – continued drawing on multiracialist ideologies to justify their disproportionate influence as heads of Kenya's sports organizations and as coaches. Kenyan sport during the midcentury thus reveals the unevenness and incompleteness of decolonization, as well as the specific means by which white settlers attempted to maintain power in the independent era. These efforts can be seen as part of a broader, global right-wing backlash to African nationalism. Though white Kenyans attempted to clutch onto power within the world of sport, Kenya's independent state actors intervened, nationalizing the sports administration and sidelining white-dominated institutions. While recent scholarship has examined African decolonization as a contested process, much of this work has centered on the formal mechanisms of transition. This article shows that, after political transition, sport became a new battleground of decolonization.

The current refugee regimes (national/international and EUropean) present significant limitations in the ways they deal with refugee flows. However, both refugees and the host societies are able to develop their own agencies and strategies against such confines. This article pieces together the place-making and reterritorialisation efforts of Syrian refugees, the impact of their arrival on and interaction with the local population in the neighbourhoods of Adana in Turkey that has hosted the largest number of Syrian refugees and have become known as 'Little Aleppo'. The analysis of Syrians' experiences that emerge in their new settlements sheds new light on the ways in which urban refugees are able to increase their own agency and choose the solution(s) most appropriate to their own particular circumstances by establishing 'poor-to-poor, peer-to-peer' contacts, rather than depending on the few choices offered to them through refugee regimes. The locals, in return, are motivated by the newcomers' presence to reassess their own socio-economic positions and choices in the land of nation states, even though encounters with the refugees may at times elicit negative feelings.

AbstractLived experience leadership is part of a broader international trend towards service user involvement in public services yet little is known about services developed and delivered by people with lived experience of the criminal justice system. Our innovative study, coproduced by two formerly imprisoned community practitioners and an academic researcher, aims to amplify the voices of people delivering and using a lived experience-led crime prevention project. Using photovoice methods, in which people use cameras to document their realities and advocate for change, we explore the potential of lived experience leadership to drive individual and social change. Some of the compelling images produced by the group are showcased, revealing how in contexts of suffering, social exclusion and negative expectations, forms of inclusive, loving, hopeful community praxis can be impactful. We conclude that allegiances between community practitioners and social workers could begin to disrupt harmful and oppressive structures and create locally led, hope-filled service provision. To broker such allied practices, we include a self-audit for social and community workers, inviting reflections focused on this ambitious goal.

Abstract
With more individuals forcibly displaced than any time since the Second World War, forced displacement has emerged as one of the defining political and humanitarian issues of the twenty-first century. In response to the changing nature of displacement, shortcomings of the humanitarian sector, and several ideological shifts that have taken place over the past 20 years, innovation has been embraced as a method to generate new breakthrough solutions for forced displacement. This article takes stock of innovation in forced displacement and charts a path forward for innovation in the sector. We articulate a vision for what forced displacement response should look like in 20 years, detailing an innovation agenda at the individual level, country level, and sector level. Grounded in our lessons learned from leading innovation at the International Rescue Committee, a large humanitarian non-governmental organization (NGO), we outline a set of strategies the sector should adopt to increase the quantity and quality of new innovations, improve the mechanisms to identify cost-effective innovations, and enhance the paths to scale for these innovations.

The configuration of protests as hybrid media events not only enables them to reach wider audiences but also favors the transformation of those audiences into active publics. In this increasingly common scenario, our study proposes a set of indicators to scrutinize how the public reacts during such hybrid media events, and to test such reactions in light of the mass protests that took place in Spain to mark the 2019 International Women's Day (IWD). We analyze a nationally representative survey sample collected through daily tracking over 20 days before and after the 2019 IWD. Findings confirm the ability of hybrid media protests to broaden their audience, generate interest, spark conversations on gender inequality, and contribute to opinion conformation. They also reveal that some of these reactions were conditioned by prior exposure to similar events and by gender. Our study contributes to a recent line of research testing the influence of protests on the public and shows the possibilities of using rolling cross-sectional designs to capture those effects. The study also contributes to the discussion on the political significance of these mass protests as hybrid media events.

Background: Retroperitoneal schwannomas are rare. The purpose of this study was to present our experience with the diagnosis and treatment of 67 such tumors.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of 67 patients with retroperitoneal schwannoma admitted to Peking University International Hospital from 2015 to 2021.
Results: 67 patients presented with retroperitoneal schwannomas, 37 cases had no obvious clinical symptoms. 62 cases were completely excised, 5 cases were subtotal resection, 7 cases were combined with organ resection. The intraoperative blood loss was 300ml (20-9000ml), the tumor maximum size was 9cm (2.5-26cm), post-complication occurred in 6 cases (9.0%). Compared with abdominal retroperitoneal tumors, pelvic retroperitoneal tumors had larger tumor volume, more bleeding, higher proportion of block resection, and longer postoperative hospitalization time (P<0.05). The residual mass progressed slowly in 5 patients with subtotal resection, and no obvious malignant transformation occurred.
Conclusion:Complete resection of schwannoma can achieve a good long-term prognosis. Patients with residual tumor after surgery progress slowly and rarely become malignant. We recommend early resection after the discovery of a pelvic retroperitoneal schwannoma.
Keywords: Schwannoma; Retroperitoneal neoplasms; Postoperative complications

This article examines a half-century of trends in family attitudes and beliefs in the United States, including attitudes toward gender, marriage, childbearing, cohabitation, sex outside marriage, divorce, and same-sex relations. These trends are viewed through the lens of developmental idealism. We also describe how the developmental idealism framework applies to Western contexts generally and the United States specifically. We trace family attitudes from the 1960s through 2018 using four data sources: the Intergenerational Panel Study of Parents and Children, Monitoring the Future, the General Social Survey, and the International Social Survey Programme. We find profound and largely consistent changes in Americans' attitudes. We argue these changes can be understood as the expansion of developmental idealism in the United States. Americans increasingly endorsed family attributes long understood as modern under developmental idealism, as well as attributes more recently viewed as modern through extensions of freedom and equality. At the same time, sizable majorities remained committed to marriage and children. While Americans increasingly supported all individuals' freedom to choose among a diversity of family behaviors, most continued to view marriage and children favorably in their own lives.

AbstractSince Indian Administered Kashmir's (IAK) 'summer of unrest' of 2010, greater attention towards the contemporary Kashmir azadi, or freedom, movement has led to more active transnational organising by Kashmiris studying abroad as well as other young people who sympathise with this movement. Indian political elites have predominately framed the azadi movement as a separatist movement. However, this perception had not been shared by many Kashmiris who argue the territory has never legally been a part of India. The perception of being a separatist movement from outside of Kashmir has also shifted with a growing body of literature documenting human rights abuses alongside raising awareness to an international community of activists, which has led to an evolution of the azadi movement into a movement for social justice and human rights. This has been facilitated by social media spaces and heterogeneous activist groups framing their movement as aligned with other social justice movements and anti‐discrimination campaigns. Framing the Kashmir self‐determination movement as a human rights issue appeals to a wider spectrum of non‐Kashmiri activists, especially those already involved in campaigns against the marginalisation of certain groups.

AbstractIslamophobia has seen a disturbing rise in British and international contexts; however, we see limited attention being afforded to this in the context of Higher Education (HE), particularly the impacts of this through the lens of staff members. HE continues to frame itself as a post‐racial, secular, progressive, and inclusive space, yet is perpetually opposed due to its surreptitious and violent incidences of racism, classism, sexism and ableism. We discuss here, using liberatory‐based and autoethnographic methodologies, Muslim staff members' experiences and insights of Islamophobia in UK HE institutions (HEIs)—a severely underrepresented group and largely invisible issue in the academy. We highlight the need to expose, challenge, question, and destabilise the continuous victimisation of Muslims within these spaces and beyond. We unpick issues related to intersectionality and different levels of exclusion by exploring the sense of belonging felt by Muslim staff; specific challenges and episodes of Islamophobia faced; and ways the sector can dismantle Islamophobia and begin developing practices to genuinely support anti‐Muslim, anti‐racist inclusion and social justice.

La crise financière internationale de 2008 a remis en selle les politiques monétaires non conventionnelles. L'Algérie n'a pas été en reste, suite à l'effondrement des cours du pétrole en 2014, qui avait eu un impact négatif sur l'ensemble de l'activité économique, ce qui avait nécessité de profondes restructurations dans la conduite de la politique économique. A cet effet, les autorités monétaires ont fait recours au financement non conventionnel dit (FNC), à travers l'amendement de la loi sur la monnaie et le crédit (loi n°17-10 du 11/10/2017). Cet article a pour objet d'analyser l'impact du FNC sur les agrégats macroéconomiques du modèle de Kaldor (1971) et quelques agrégats financiers, à l'aide de la méthode d'analyse en composantes principales. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le financement non conventionnel n'a fait que combler d'une manière partielle le déficit budgétaire. En effet, il ne peut pas être à lui seul une source de relance économique sans qu'il soit accompagné d'un certain nombre de mesures qui lui permettront d'être efficace et de réaliser ses objectifs.