Der Autor stellt verschiedene Tendenzen und Neuerungen in der internationalen Bildungsentwicklung Ende der 1980er/ Anfang der 1990er Jahre dar. Schwerpunkte sind die Länder Frankreich, Großbritannien und Spanien. Während im Falle von Frankreich einerseits einige Förderungsmaßnahmen in der Berufsbildung wie der "credit-formation individualisé" (CFT) und die Vorbereitung eines neuen Berufsbildungsgesetzes sowie Maßnahmen zur Bewältigung der Probleme der Hochschulkapazität (Erhöhung des Bildungshaushaltes, Regionalisierung der Hochschulen durch den Plan "Universités 2000") angesprochen werden, geht es im Falle von Großbritannien vor allem um die Reformvorschläge bezüglich der so genannten "Higher Education" und im Falle von Spanien um den Religionsunterricht an Schulen und die Durchführung eines neuen Hochschulzulassungstests. (DIPF/ssch)
Bibliography: p.xv-xvi. ; Appendix XII. Declaration of London -- Appendix XII. United States neutrality laws -- Appendix XIV. Procedure in Prize Court -- Appendix XV. Digest of important cases arranged under titles. ; Appendix II. Declaration of Paris -- Appendix III. Convention for the amelioration of the conditions of the wounded in armies in the field, Geneva, July 6, 1906 -- Appendix IV. Convention for the pacific settlement of international disputes -- Appendix V. Convention with respect to the laws and customs of war on land -- Annex to the convention: regulations respecting the laws and customs of war on land -- Appendix VI. Convention respecting the rights and duties of neutral powers and persons in case of war on land -- Appendix VII. Convention relative to the status of enemy merchant-ships at the outbreak of hostilities -- Appendix VIII. Convention for the adaptation to naval war of the principles of the Geneva Convention -- Appendix IX. Convention with regard to the exercise of the right of capture in naval war -- Appendix X. Convention relative to the creation of an international prize court -- Appendix XI. Convention concerning the rights and duties of neutral powers in naval war -- ; pt. I. General and historical. Definition and general scope -- Nature of international law -- Historical development -- Sources of international law -- pt. II Persons in international law. States -- Legal persons having qualified status -- pt. III. International law of peace. General rights and obligations of states -- Existence -- Independence -- Equality -- Jurisdiction -- Property -- Diplomacy and international relations in times of peace -- Treaties -- Amicable settlement of disputes and non-hostile redress -- pt. IV International law of war. War -- Status of persons in war -- Status of property on land -- Status of property at sea -- Conduct of hostilities -- Termination of war -- pt. V. International law of neutrality. Definition and history of neutrality -- Relations of neutral states and belligerent states -- Neutral relations between states and individuals -- Appendix I. Instructions for the government of armies of the United States in the field -- ; Mode of access: Internet.
Der folgende Aufsatz stellt Prozesse des Wissensaustauschs am Beispiel der Schulbuchrevision im Deutschland der Nachkriegszeit dar. Ausgehend von dem Modell des "policy borrowing" von Phillips und Ochs (2003) werden die personellen, inhaltlichen und institutionellen Verknüpfungen zwischen deutschen und internationalen Akteuren dargestellt. Besondere Berücksichtigung findet dabei die Schulbuchpolitik der britischen Besatzungsbehörde sowie der UNESCO mit ihrem Grundsatz der Bildung für internationale Verständigung. Der Aufsatz zeigt am Beispiel des Braunschweiger Schulbuchinstituts und der internationalen Schulbuchrevision, dass Wissenstransfer nicht nur in eine Richtung stattfand, sondern Standardisierungsprozesse in Theorie und Praxis auf einem sich gegenseitig beeinflussenden Netzwerk von Akteuren und Institutionen beruhte. (DIPF/Orig.) ; This paper illustrates processes of knowledge exchange by using the textbook revisions that took place in post-war Germany as a case study. It presents the connections between German and international participants, in terms of substance and at both personal and institutional levels, on the basis of Phillips and Ochs' 'policy borrowing' model. The authors pay particular attention to the textbook policies of the British occupying authorities and UNESCO, which were based on the principle of education for international understanding. The paper refers to the "Internationale Schulbuchinstitut in Braunschweig" (International Textbook Institute in Braunschweig) and international textbook revision to demonstrate that knowledge transfer was not a one-way street. Rather, that standardisation processes in both theory and practice depended upon a mutually influential network of individuals and institutions. (DIPF/Orig.)
Editors: 1919/22- H. Lauterpacht and others. ; Vols. for 1919/22-1929/30 issued as Contributions to international law and diplomacy. ; At head of title, 1919/22-1933/1934: Dept. of International Studies of the London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London). ; Vol. for 1919-1942 is a supplementary v., including indexes, 1919-1942. ; Mode of access: Internet.
The arbitration is a method of resolving disputes through an arbitration tribunal composed of one or several arbitrators. He allows resolving a dispute under a sentence delivered after an arbitration procedure in which all parties have to prove what they adduce to convince the tribunal. It is by using various modes of proof inspired specially from the system of Common Law and the system of Civil Law that parties can achieve this purpose.On the other hand, because the international arbitration has neither a territory nor legislation, it was created a system which combines between best practices of Common Law and Civil Law. So, the written evidence is produced according to the practice of Civil Law which gives primacy to a proof written in advance. But for the oral testimony, it is the common Law which dominates the administration of this proof by giving parties the right to nominate and interrogate witnesses. This is also what happens when arbitrators decide to use an expertise in which the parties have the power to nominate experts and interrogate them as witnesses. So, the evidence in international arbitration can be divided into written evidence made up by the writing on paper medium and electronic medium and oral evidence formed by proof by witness and proof by expertise. ; L'arbitrage est un mode de résolution des litiges par l'intermédiaire d'un tribunal arbitral composé d'un ou plusieurs arbitres. Il permet, comme devant les tribunaux étatiques, de régler un litige en vertu d'une sentence rendue à l'issue d'une procédure arbitrale dans laquelle chacune des parties doit prouver ce qu'elle allègue afin d'établir la conviction des arbitres. C'est par le recours aux divers modes de preuve inspirés des différents systèmes juridiques notamment du système de Common Law et du système de droit civil que les plaideurs pourront atteindre cette finalité.En revanche, parce que l'arbitrage international ne possède ni for ni législation spéciaux, l'administration des preuves dans une instance arbitrale internationale ...
The arbitration is a method of resolving disputes through an arbitration tribunal composed of one or several arbitrators. He allows resolving a dispute under a sentence delivered after an arbitration procedure in which all parties have to prove what they adduce to convince the tribunal. It is by using various modes of proof inspired specially from the system of Common Law and the system of Civil Law that parties can achieve this purpose.On the other hand, because the international arbitration has neither a territory nor legislation, it was created a system which combines between best practices of Common Law and Civil Law. So, the written evidence is produced according to the practice of Civil Law which gives primacy to a proof written in advance. But for the oral testimony, it is the common Law which dominates the administration of this proof by giving parties the right to nominate and interrogate witnesses. This is also what happens when arbitrators decide to use an expertise in which the parties have the power to nominate experts and interrogate them as witnesses. So, the evidence in international arbitration can be divided into written evidence made up by the writing on paper medium and electronic medium and oral evidence formed by proof by witness and proof by expertise. ; L'arbitrage est un mode de résolution des litiges par l'intermédiaire d'un tribunal arbitral composé d'un ou plusieurs arbitres. Il permet, comme devant les tribunaux étatiques, de régler un litige en vertu d'une sentence rendue à l'issue d'une procédure arbitrale dans laquelle chacune des parties doit prouver ce qu'elle allègue afin d'établir la conviction des arbitres. C'est par le recours aux divers modes de preuve inspirés des différents systèmes juridiques notamment du système de Common Law et du système de droit civil que les plaideurs pourront atteindre cette finalité.En revanche, parce que l'arbitrage international ne possède ni for ni législation spéciaux, l'administration des preuves dans une instance arbitrale internationale revêt un caractère sui generis de fait que l'arbitrage international a reconnu un système de preuve qui a utilisé les avantages des divers systèmes juridiques. Ainsi, on retrouve que la preuve écrite, qu'elle soit sur support papier ou sur support électronique, est administrée selon le model civiliste qui donne la primauté à une preuve préconstituée à l'avance. Mais, en ce qui concerne la preuve par témoin, l'influence des droits de Common Law paraît claire surtout que dans la plupart des cas, le pouvoir de nommer et d'interroger les témoins revient aux plaideurs qui utilisent la méthode d'Examination lors de l'interrogation des témoins. C'est aussi le cas de l'expertise qui est souvent considérée comme une preuve orale dans laquelle il revient aux parties le pouvoir de désigner les experts et de les interroger suivant l'interrogatoire direct et le contre interrogatoire tout comme des témoins. Ainsi, les preuves dans l'arbitrage international peuvent être reparties en preuves écrites et preuves orales dont les premières sont constituées de l'écrit sur support papier ou sur support électronique et les secondes sont formées par la preuve par témoin et la preuve par expertise.
Currently, scholars and political leaders are facing various global challenges: failing states, conflicts over distribution, terrorism and the refugee crisis represent only some of them. In this book, acclaimed experts from Germany and abroad offer a panorama of the international security threats of the 21st century. With a particular focus on the role of Germany, these experts present strategic approaches through which these challenges can be tackled in the most effective and sensible way, thus providing new impulses for the security policy debate in Germany.
This paper gives an overview of the new rules introduced by the Code of Private International Law (Act of 16 July 2004) in the field of jurisdiction (when do Belgian courts have jurisdiction) and recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. ; Cette contribution fait le point sur les règles introduites par le Code de droit international privé (Loi du 16 juillet 2004) à propos des règles de compétence internationale (tant générales que spéciales) et du statut des jugements étrangers (reconnaissance et exécution des jugements étrangers)
Dieser Beitrag setzt sich aus einer gesellschaftswissenschaftlichen Perspektive mit dem Phänomen "Internationale Konzerne" auseinander. Dabei wird auf die (potentiellen) betriebswirtschaftlichen und volkswirtschaftlichen Vor- und Nachteile sowie Chancen und Risiken dieser Organisationsform eingegangen. Nationalstaaten sehen sich mit der Frage konfrontiert, ob und inwieweit das Auftreten internationaler Konzerne den Einsatz politisch-administrativer Instrumente zur Regulierung der Aktivitäten derartiger Wirtschaftsbetriebe erfordern.
International terrorism is a relatively new phenomenon considering the age of terrorism. Terrorism has been used for over 2,000 years, but international terrorism as we know it today was made possible by technological advances. This entry begins by reviewing pivotal historical events that led to terrorism's use, as well as the underlying reasons for terrorism today. The article then discusses the influence of political stability and culture on international terrorism. Finally, a brief discussion of counter-terrorism strategies highlights the means by which terrorism is prevented.
"Sonder-abdruck aus dem Wörterbuch des deutschen staats- und verwaltungsrechts, begründet von Karl Freiherrn von Stengel", no. 102. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Vols. 5-18 published also in English. ; Includes bibliographies (separately paged in v. 7-18). ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Vol. 17 accompanied by "Sonderheft": Englische nationale Versicherungsgesetze 1911 und 1913.
International trade and migration are two important dimensions of globalization. Although governments have been very willing to open their borders to trade, they have not been so liberal in their immigration policies. It has been suggested, however, that a causal positive link might exist between immigration and trade. Negotiations would provide a justification for our failure to adopt more liberal immigration laws. Whereas in an ideal world we might adopt more efficient laws, we currently live in a highly nonideal world in which other governments discriminate against our nationals (in their goods markets, service markets, labor markets, or capital markets). Given this reality, we may use costly policies as bargaining chips, offering to reform our protectionist policies in exchange for liberalizing reforms by other governments that discriminate against our nationals. Reforms implemented through a multilateral agreement would allow each participant to increase its national economic welfare while improving global economic welfare.
