Suchergebnisse

A battery of 15 rating scales was developed in order to satisfy the great need for a scaling instrument which would reveal cross-nat'l cultural diff's. Methods for choosing judges & criteria of qualification of judges are outlined. The scales were then tested for validity & reliability, & the materials used are presented. Criteria for validity include: (1) 'The mean/average diff on each rating scale must show an item value diff of 2.00 or more when the US & Peru are rated & compared.' (2) 'The mean/average deviation of each scale must not show a dispersion greater than 1.00 when either the US or Peru is rated. (3) The judges' rankings must permit a structuring of the signif variations in the soc patterning of the 2 countries.' The scales were then applied by comparing ratings of Argentina, Peru, & the US to test the extent to which a Latin Amer civilization exists. The operating hyp, supported by the data, is that exposure to 2 or more Latin Amer cultures will demonstrate that they are more alike in cultural patternings than is any Latin Amer country like the US. Signif variations in the soc patterning of Peru & Argentina are examined, but are found not to refute the hyp. 9 Tables & 1 Figure. Modified AA.

A description of 4 exp's, all of which investigated determinants of formal (contractual) agreements in a 'mixed-motive' dyadic interaction. The types of agreement studied were those governing (a) the equitable distribution of outcomes between the participants, & (b) the maintenance of loyalty to the relationship through forbidding withdrawal from it. Although the procedures of the 4 exp's differed, the results were in agreement in finding the highest f of mutually protective contracts occurring under conditions of high conflict of interest between the parties & highly attractive alternatives to the relationship. These 2 conditions constitute those in which one party is maximally tempted to be exploitive & the other to be disloyal. Data from other res were discussed in an effort to define the conditions diff'ially favorable to the emergence of formal & of informal agreements. HA.

Human conduct is regulated by a plurality of normative systems—religious, ethical, conventional and legal norms. Religious and ethical rules embody higher values and are sometimes more effective than legal rules.