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International trade, and in particular TTIP, the Transatlantic Trade and Partnership Agreement between the EU and the US, has recently become a hotly debated policy field in the EU, juxtaposing a coalition of EU institutions and the corporate sector against a large coalition of civil society organizations. TTIP stands out as the prime example of new generation free trade agreements aiming at deep economic integration. Besides tariff elimination, its primary aim is to focus on a very comprehensive set of regulatory issues and rules, with a view to dismantling and harmonizing these in areas such as agriculture, food safety, product and technical standards, sectoral regulations in services, the protection of intellectual property rights, and government procurement. In addition, investment liberalization and protection are central issues, with the proposed investor-to-state-dispute-settlement mechanism (ISDS) being particularly controversial.

International audience ; In recent years, men born into various non-Brahmanical castes, including former 'untouchables', have been appointed as priests at Brahmanical public temples in Kerala. The constitutionality of such appointments has been challenged and was eventually upheld by the Supreme Court in 2002. This decision, I suggest, has to be seen as the outcome of developments by which the courts came to define priesthood in terms of technical procedures performed by expert, but 'secular' persons, i.e. employees selected solely on merit. Such a legal understanding, however, conflicts with widely held expectations about priesthood in terms of birth qualifications. Birth equality for temple priestly services, I argue, has now become a possible legal claim as a result of the progressive administrative 'rationalization' of Hindu religious institutions through State action, and because it also meets for various reasons with political consensus.

International audience ; Objectifs : Cet article revient sur la mise en place de la mixité et les réflexions politiques sur la sexualité élaborées au sein d'établissements français accueillant des malades et handicapés durant les années 1970. Méthode : A partir d'un travail sur archives (essentiellement autour de la consultation des principales revues sur le handicap), il contribue à l'archéologie naissante de la question « handicap et sexualité » en France. Résultats : Après avoir montré comment est introduite la question de la mixité et de la sexualité dans les institutions en France durant les années 1970, il propose une réflexion sur la situation la plus contemporaine. Il montre que la rhétorique de la mixité n'est plus du tout employée, au profit d'un discours sur les droits à la sexualité, pas toujours bien maitrisé par les professionnels du champ du handicap.

International audience ; CASO DI SOSPETTO QUIETISMO NEL PIEMONTE DEL SETTECENTO titolo inglese This article examines the trial against a small group of devotees, leaded by a visionary woman and belonging to the regular and secular clergy of Asti, all convicted of «quietism» by the Holy Office in Rome: through the anlysis of this episode, I propose to study the «quietism» not only as a doctrinal and theological issue, but also as a competition problem among religious practices. The essay offers some initial reflections, as a part of a larger study, about the relationship between devotional practices and jurisdictional conflicts in early modern Piedmont: rather than concentrating on the examination of the relationship between Rome and political institutions in the State of Savoy, it focuses on local devotional practices and their role in both political and social conflicts.

This work includes generalizing of the experiment results of the professional officers' preparation (by the example of Nizhni Novgorod State University). It also gives an analysis of the realization versions of the military training program in conditions of two-tier education system including preparation direction of higher professional education "International region studies" on the "Bachelor" level. There is also given an analysis of special purpose citizens' intake in higher education institutions for professional officers' preparation programs in 2013 and suggestions for intake improvement. ; Приводятся основные результаты экспериментов и работы по подготовке кадровых офицеров в вузе (на примере ННГУ). Анализируются возможности реализации программ военной подготовки в условиях уровневого образования, в том числе на базе бакалаврского направления подготовки ВПО «Зарубежное регионоведение». Анализируются результаты целевого набора в вузы граждан на программы подготовки офицеров в 2013 г., предлагаются пути повышения качества набора.

International audience ; Using detailed data on control chains of 710 European commercial banks, we test whether the presence of some categories of controlling shareholders affects product diversification performance. We find that when banks have no controlling shareholder or have only family and state shareholders activity diversification yields diseconomies. However, as long as the control chain involves banking institutions, institutional investors, industrial companies or any other combination of these shareholder categories, banks benefit from diversification economies: they display higher profitability, lower earnings volatility and lower default risk. This is potentially because such categories of shareholders bring additional skills to manage diverse activities. A further exploration shows that such mitigating roles are greater for domestic and diversified shareholders. Our findings provide insights on why banks suffer from greater activity diversification and have several policy implications.

International audience ; In a world of controversy and suspicion, transparency promises a 'virtuous chain' of informed citizens, rational deliberation and democratic participation. In contrast, this essay conceptualises transparency as a Foucauldian dispositif: a network of discourse, tactics, institutional processes and local subjectivities which articulates what kinds of actions and statements are admissible and tacti- cally profitable. Notably, transparency discourse mobilises individual citizens to audit the state – to govern governments. This becomes the basis upon which the state and other institutions may legitimise and delegitimise one another through strategic uses of transparency discourse. We illustrate these processes through an examination of the 'Séralini Affair': a prominent controversy over GMO, scientific expertise and transparency in France. We analyse transparency discourse invoked by major stakeholders in the Affair, drawing tools from critical discourse analysis and French discourse analysis.

International audience ; CASO DI SOSPETTO QUIETISMO NEL PIEMONTE DEL SETTECENTO titolo inglese This article examines the trial against a small group of devotees, leaded by a visionary woman and belonging to the regular and secular clergy of Asti, all convicted of «quietism» by the Holy Office in Rome: through the anlysis of this episode, I propose to study the «quietism» not only as a doctrinal and theological issue, but also as a competition problem among religious practices. The essay offers some initial reflections, as a part of a larger study, about the relationship between devotional practices and jurisdictional conflicts in early modern Piedmont: rather than concentrating on the examination of the relationship between Rome and political institutions in the State of Savoy, it focuses on local devotional practices and their role in both political and social conflicts.

International audience ; In recent years, men born into various non-Brahmanical castes, including former 'untouchables', have been appointed as priests at Brahmanical public temples in Kerala. The constitutionality of such appointments has been challenged and was eventually upheld by the Supreme Court in 2002. This decision, I suggest, has to be seen as the outcome of developments by which the courts came to define priesthood in terms of technical procedures performed by expert, but 'secular' persons, i.e. employees selected solely on merit. Such a legal understanding, however, conflicts with widely held expectations about priesthood in terms of birth qualifications. Birth equality for temple priestly services, I argue, has now become a possible legal claim as a result of the progressive administrative 'rationalization' of Hindu religious institutions through State action, and because it also meets for various reasons with political consensus.

International audience ; Objectifs : Cet article revient sur la mise en place de la mixité et les réflexions politiques sur la sexualité élaborées au sein d'établissements français accueillant des malades et handicapés durant les années 1970. Méthode : A partir d'un travail sur archives (essentiellement autour de la consultation des principales revues sur le handicap), il contribue à l'archéologie naissante de la question « handicap et sexualité » en France. Résultats : Après avoir montré comment est introduite la question de la mixité et de la sexualité dans les institutions en France durant les années 1970, il propose une réflexion sur la situation la plus contemporaine. Il montre que la rhétorique de la mixité n'est plus du tout employée, au profit d'un discours sur les droits à la sexualité, pas toujours bien maitrisé par les professionnels du champ du handicap.

Afghanistan since the Soviet Invasion in 1979 and later by the USA in 2001 on the pretext of Global War on Terrorism (WoT) has remained in a perpetual state of war even after the collapse of the USSR and before US invasion. The fragile state with a lack of central government and dysfunctional state institutions has created serious international and regional security issues with an influx of refugees, drugs, and above all terrorism. The instability in Afghanistan has created national security problems for Pakistan and despite enormous sacrifices and instability, Pakistan is in the eye of storms for not doing enough despite US active military presence. The USs willingness to engage the Taliban for an honorable exit strategy and ensuring that the government in Afghanistan is more representative, are in fact positive signals which need to be capitalized by engaging all parties to the conflict.

International audience ; Using detailed data on control chains of 710 European commercial banks, we test whether the presence of some categories of controlling shareholders affects product diversification performance. We find that when banks have no controlling shareholder or have only family and state shareholders activity diversification yields diseconomies. However, as long as the control chain involves banking institutions, institutional investors, industrial companies or any other combination of these shareholder categories, banks benefit from diversification economies: they display higher profitability, lower earnings volatility and lower default risk. This is potentially because such categories of shareholders bring additional skills to manage diverse activities. A further exploration shows that such mitigating roles are greater for domestic and diversified shareholders. Our findings provide insights on why banks suffer from greater activity diversification and have several policy implications.

International audience ; Using detailed data on control chains of 710 European commercial banks, we test whether the presence of some categories of controlling shareholders affects product diversification performance. We find that when banks have no controlling shareholder or have only family and state shareholders activity diversification yields diseconomies. However, as long as the control chain involves banking institutions, institutional investors, industrial companies or any other combination of these shareholder categories, banks benefit from diversification economies: they display higher profitability, lower earnings volatility and lower default risk. This is potentially because such categories of shareholders bring additional skills to manage diverse activities. A further exploration shows that such mitigating roles are greater for domestic and diversified shareholders. Our findings provide insights on why banks suffer from greater activity diversification and have several policy implications.

International audience ; In recent years, men born into various non-Brahmanical castes, including former 'untouchables', have been appointed as priests at Brahmanical public temples in Kerala. The constitutionality of such appointments has been challenged and was eventually upheld by the Supreme Court in 2002. This decision, I suggest, has to be seen as the outcome of developments by which the courts came to define priesthood in terms of technical procedures performed by expert, but 'secular' persons, i.e. employees selected solely on merit. Such a legal understanding, however, conflicts with widely held expectations about priesthood in terms of birth qualifications. Birth equality for temple priestly services, I argue, has now become a possible legal claim as a result of the progressive administrative 'rationalization' of Hindu religious institutions through State action, and because it also meets for various reasons with political consensus.

The EU is permanently trying to secure its proximity by creating a "ring of friends" in the neighbourhood. Thus, stabilization through economic integration and modernization have been the purpose of the European Neighbourhood Policy (the ENP) since its creation, in 2004. Successive reviews of the ENP in the past decade have aimed to customize support to different needs of the partners. Funding has been allocated according to the level of commitment to reform of the EU neighbours. The six small states of the Eastern Partnership (EaP) have benefitted not only from common ENP provisions, but also from specific instruments dedicated to their particular situation. Bilateral and multi-country programmes included in the European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI), but also instruments from other EU policies and support from the International Financial Institutions (IFI) have helped the EaP members to achieve progress in EU approximation.