Suchergebnisse

When it comes to ethics and fair play in sport, it mostly refers to training process and com-petition through respecting the game rules, opponents, organizers, managers and referees, through the implementation of standards related to means, equipment and kits used in com-petitions and avoidance and prevention from using illegal stimulants, i.e. doping.Th e following question arises: is the sports system itself in its core established fairly and mor-ally? Is there inequality and discrimination among certain sports associations, federations, clubs or athletes? Th is refers to the sports system in general, hierarchy of sports, i.e. federa-tions within the whole sports community in local and regional government and on national level and within international sports federations and presentation of those sports to a wider community through diff erent activities, programs and media coverage. We must not forget the economic side of sport as an activity which directly or indirectly ensures existence of a large number of people. Sports system is not fair and it is also often cruel. Discrimination can be seen through many factors: sports federations, media coverage of sports, division into "great" and "small" sports, Croatian Olympic Committee, money.Establishment of sports system based on those foundations results in reduced number of young athletes, use of illegal stimulants, more violence, bigger health problems of young population, their lack of sociality and communication. ; Pod pojmom morala, etike i ferpleja u sportu, obično se misli na provedbu trenažnog proce-sa i natjecanja kroz poštovanje pravila igre, suparnika, organizatora, voditelja i sudaca, kroz primjenu standarda korištenih sredstava, sprava i pribora koji se koriste u natjecanjima te izbjegavanje i sprječavanje upotrebe nedozvoljenih stimulativnih sredstava, odnosno dopinga. No, postavlja se pitanje je li sam sustav sporta u startu postavljen pravedno i moralno. Pojav-ljuje li se neravnopravnost i diskriminacija pojedinih sportskih asocijacija, saveza, klubova ili sportaša? Pri tome mislim uopće na sustav sporta, dakle organizaciju pojedinih sportova, od-nosno saveza unutar cjelokupne sportske zajednice jedinice lokalne ili područne samouprave i države, međunarodnih sportskih asocijacija te prezentaciju tih sportova široj društvenoj za-jednici. Također treba u obzir uzeti i ekonomsku stranu sporta, odnosno sport kao djelatnost kojom se direktno ili indirektno osigurava egzistencija velikog broja ljudi. Sustav sporta nije pravedan, a nerijetko je i okrutan. Diskriminacija se može vidjeti kroz čitav niz čimbenika: sportske saveze, medijsku pokrivenost sportova, podjelu na "velike" i "male" sportove, Hrvat-ski olimpijski odbor, politiku, Zakon o sportu, novac. Konstrukcija sustava sporta na takvim temeljima rezultira smanjenim brojem mladih sportaša, upotrebom nedozvoljenih stimulativ-nih sredstava, sve češćim nasiljem koje se povezuje sa sportom, odnosno većim zdravstvenim problemima mlađe populacije, njihovom asocijalnošću i nekomunikativnošću.

Rad se bavi analizom reakcija Ujedinjenih naroda na zločin terorizma u obliku inkriminacije terorizma u nizu konvencija prihvaćenih u krilu te organizacije, no još više u obliku moralnih, ali i pravnih sankcija sadržanih u političkim osudama neobvezujućih rezolucija Opće skupštine, posebice tijekom hladnog rata, kao i u obvezujućim sankcijskim rezolucijama Vijeća sigurnosti počevši od 90-ih godina prošlog stoljeća. Pritom rad upućuje na specifičan razvojni proces koji počinje sankcijama prema državama odgovornima za tzv. "državni terorizam", a u posljednjih 15-ak godina sankcije su se gotovo potpuno usmjerile prema terorističkim organizacijama kao nedržavnim akterima te su razvojem međunarodnoga kaznenog pravosuđa otvorile prostor i individualnoj međunarodnoj kaznenoj odgovornosti za taj zločin. ; This paper analyzes the United Nations' reactions to the international crime of terrorism. It focuses on counter-terrorism international conventions adopted within the UN, as well as on moral and political sanctions contained in non-binding resolutions of the General Assembly during the period of the so-called ˝Cold war˝. However, the main focus of this research is on the analysis of legally binding resolutions adopted by the Security Council starting from the 1990s. The analysis of the development of the Security Council's resolutions adopted under Chapter VII of the UN Charter indicates that these resolutions, initially addressed to states responsible for the so- called ˝state terrorism˝, gradually became directed exclusively towards terrorist organizations as non-state actors. In this context, the ˝ISIL (Da'esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List˝ of the Security Council is being continuously expanded with names of individuals as well as of other non-state ˝entities and other groups˝ affected by these sanctions. Unfortunately, compared to the beginnig of 2015, when only 70 ˝entities and other groups˝ were listed, in March 2017 their number increased to over 360. These ˝entities and other groups˝, which originate from Tunisia, Mali, Albania, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, the Comoros, Pakistan, Indonesia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Arabian Peninsula, Libya, Sudan, Egypt, the Caucasus region, Uzbekistan, and even Bosnia and Herzegovina, differ in various ways. Some of the above mentioned ˝entities˝ aim at overthrowing the government of their country, just like ˝classical˝ insurgents as temporary subjects of international law. Other non-state actors' activities are directed towards establishing a new state (for example, Ansar Eddine, Mouvement national de libération de l'Azawad – MNLA in Mali, Sudan People's Liberation Movement – SPLM in South Sudan). International crimes committed by these organizations are not only the object of the resolutions of the Security Council, but they are also in the focus of interest of the International Criminal Court (the ICC). Although the international crime of terrorism is not covered by the jurisdiction of the ICC under the Rome Statute, certain international crimes committed by terrorists or under the auspices of terrorist organizations share some common features with crimes against humanity, which fall under the jurisdiction of the ICC. Thus, the ICC indirectly contributes to the sanctioning for the crime of terrorism. Further evolution of the international criminal justice, both through the jurisprudence of the ICC and other ad hoc international and ˝hybrid˝ courts, will most certainly contribute to the development of international criminal liability of individuals for the crime of terrorism.