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Discusses international aspects of the US-led coalition war against Iraq, focusing on media coverage and other issues; 4 articles. Contents: Pressed into military service: does the US military have designs on Baghdad's media? by Rohan Jayasekera; Talking dirty to America: listening to Shock Jocks is a shocking thing indeed, by Sheila MacVicar; Dodging the First Amendment: a Pentagon warlord seeks his day in a British court, by Joanne Mariner; Watching from the sidelines: Africa's reason to fear the consequences of war in Iraq, by Abdul Mohammed & Alex de Waal.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- A RISK AND RULES-BASED APPROACH TO FISCAL POLICY -- A. Context -- B. Fiscal Policy in Iraq: What Is the Challenge? -- C. A Proposed Fiscal Policy Framework to Address These Challenges -- D. Fiscal Rules -- E. Conclusions -- References -- BOXES -- 1. Which Fiscal Indicators to Target and Monitor -- 2. Fiscal Buffers -- FIGURES -- 1. Vulnerability to Oil Prices, 1990-2022 -- 2. Selected Resource-Rich Countries: Fiscal Rules, 2000-15 -- 3. Convergence to the Buffer Target, 2019-29 -- ANNEX -- I. Fiscal Rules in Selected Resource-Rich Countries -- FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION -- A. Context -- B. Financial Development and Inclusion: Stylized Facts -- C. Obstacles to Financial Development and Inclusion in Iraq -- D. Benefits for Iraq of Financial Development and Inclusion -- E. Policies to Strengthen Financial Development and Inclusion in Iraq -- References -- FIGURES -- 1. Banking Sector -- 2. Selected Banking Sector Indicators, 2006-18 -- 3. Household Financial Inclusion Indicators -- 4. SME Density and Share of Private Employment -- 5. SME Financial Inclusion -- 6. Bank Performance in a Competitive Setting -- 7. Growth and Employment Benefits from SME Financial Inclusion.

Intro -- IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION LESSONS, POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE -- IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION LESSONS, POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 LEARNING FROM IRAQ: A FINAL REPORT FROM THE SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION* -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- 1. OVERSIGHT IN A WAR ZONE -- SIGIR Audits -- SIGIR Inspections -- SIGIR Investigations -- Other SIGIR Oversight Work -- Lessons Learned -- Special Studies -- WHAT HAPPENED AND TO WHAT EFFECT -- The Iraqis -- Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki -- Deputy Prime Minister for Energy Affairs Hussain al-Shahristani -- Speaker ofthe Council of Representatives Osama al-Nujaifi -- Minister of Finance Rafi al-Eissawi -- Minister of Justice Hassan al-Shimari -- Acting Minister of Interior Adnan alAsadi -- Chief Justice Medhat al-Mahmoud -- President of the Board of Supreme Audit and Acting Governor of the Central Bank of Iraq Dr. Abdul Basit Turki al-Sae'ed -- Former Prime Minister Dr. Ayad Allawi -- Former Prime Minister of Iraq Dr. Ibrahim al-Ja'afari -- Former Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Ahmed Chalabi -- Former Minister of Housing, Interior, and Finance Baqir Jabr al-Zubeidi -- Former Minister of Interior Jawad alBolani -- Former Commissioner of Integrity Judge Raheem al-Ugaili -- Minister Falah Mustafa Bakir -- Minister Qubad Talabani -- Dr. Fuad Hussein -- The U.S. Senior Leaders -- Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta -- Deputy Secretary of State William Burns -- Deputy Secretary of State Thomas Nides -- USAID Administrator Rajiv Shah -- Former under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) and member of the Commission on Wartime Contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan Dr. Dov Zakheim -- General David Petraeus -- General Raymond Odierno -- General Lloyd Austin III -- Lieutenant General Thomas Bostick -- Lieutenant General Robert Caslen -- Ambassador Ryan Crocker -- Ambassador Christopher Hill

Cover -- CONTENTS -- BACKGROUND: IMPROVED POLICY ENVIRONMENT BUT MEDIUM-TERM RISKS ON THE RISE -- A. Context -- B. Recent Developments: Slow Post-War Recovery -- C. Outlook and Risks: Vulnerabilities on the Rise Again -- ECONOMIC POLICIES TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABILITY AND PROMOTE INCLUSIVE GROWTH -- A. Building a Robust Fiscal Framework to Manage Oil Wealth -- B. Reallocating Public Expenditure to Promote Inclusive Growth -- C. Enhancing Financial Stability and Financial Intermediation -- D. Anti-Corruption -- E. Future Fund Engagement -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOX -- 1. Quantifying the Macroeconomic Benefits of Improved Governance -- FIGURES -- 1. An Oil Dependent Economy, 1980-2018 -- 2. Social Indicators, 2000-50 -- 3. Recent Economic Developments, 2013-19 -- 4. Fiscal and Debt, 2013-18 -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic and Financial Indicators, 2015-24 -- 2. Central Government Fiscal Accounts, 2015-24 (In trillions of Iraqi dinars) -- 3. Central Government Fiscal Accounts, 2015-24 (In percent of GDP) -- 4. Central Government Fiscal Accounts, 2015-24 (In percent of non-oil GDP) -- 5. Balance of Payments, 2015-24 -- 6. Monetary Survey, 2015-24 -- 7. Central Bank Balance Sheet, 2015-24 -- 8. Indicators of Fund Credit, 2016-24 -- 9. Inclusive Growth Indicators -- ANNEXES -- I. Capacity Development Strategy -- II. Response to Past Fund Policy Advice -- III. External Sector Assessment -- IV. Iraq-Public and External Debt Sustainability Analysis -- V. Risk Assessment Matrix -- VI. Governance -- VII. International Experience with Public Wage Bill Management -- CONTENTS -- FUND RELATIONS -- RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS -- STATISTICAL ISSUES.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- BACKGROUND: IRAQ IS FACING AN ACUTE FISCAL AND BALANCE OF PAYMENTS CRISIS -- A. Background -- B. Recent Economic Developments -- C. Performance Under the Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) -- D. Outlook -- ECONOMIC POLICIES TO ADDRESS THE CRISIS -- A. Managing External Pressures -- B. Implementing Fiscal Consolidation to Achieve Debt Sustainability -- C. Strengthening Public Financial Management -- D. Monitoring Financial Risks to Preserve Financial Sector Stability -- PROGRAM MODALITIES AND RISKS -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- FIGURE -- 1. Recent Economic Developments and Outlook, 2013-21 -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic and Financial Indicators, 2013-21 -- 2. National Accounts, 2013-21 -- 3. Central Government Fiscal Accounts, 2013-21 (In trillions of ID) -- 4. Central Government Fiscal Accounts, 2013-21 (In percent of GDP) -- 5. Central Government Fiscal Accounts, 2013-21 (In percent of non-oil GDP) -- 6. Balance of Payments, 2013-21 -- 7. Monetary Survey, 2013-21 -- 8. Central Bank Balance Sheet, 2013-21 -- 9. Proposed Schedule of Reviews and Purchases Under the Stand-By Arrangement, 2016-19 -- 10. Indicators of Fund Credit, 2015-21 -- 11. Total Financing Requirements and Sources, 2016-19 -- 12. Reserve Adequacy Indicators, 2013-21 -- ANNEX -- I. Public and External Debt Sustainability Analysis -- APPENDICES -- I. Letter from the Prime Minister -- II. Letter of Intent -- Attachment I. Memorandum on Economic and Financial Policies -- Attachment II. Technical Memorandum of Understanding -- CONTENTS -- RELATIONS WITH THE FUND -- RELATIONS WITH THE WORLD BANK GROUP -- STATISTICAL ISSUES.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- REINING IN CURRENT EXPENDITURE TO CREATE FISCAL SPACE FOR INCLUSIVE GROWTH -- A. Introduction -- B. Public Sector Wages -- C. Social Welfare Schemes-Pensions -- D. Social Welfare Schemes-Other Programs -- E. Subsidies-Public Distribution Systems -- F. Subsidies-Energy Subsidies -- References -- FIGURES -- 1. A Large Public Sector Dominates the Economy -- 2. The Public-Sector Wage Bill is Driven by Poorly Controlled Hiring and Generous Benefits -- 3. The Health and Education Sectors are Struggling -- TAX AND CUSTOMS POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION-REFORM PRIORITIES -- A. Motivation and Context -- B. Tax Collection is Very Low in Iraq -- C. The Structure of the Iraqi Tax System: Overview and Reform Priorities -- D. Other Proposals to Raise Non-Oil Tax Revenue -- References -- FIGURES -- 1. Tax Burden and Tax Composition in Iraq, 2007-16 -- 2. Comparative Tax Ratios: Iraq and Comparators (Regional Averages) -- 3. Customs Tariffs (HS Code) Broken Down by Tariff Line and Number of Import Goods Per Tariff Line -- ANNEXES -- I. Comparative Tax Indicators: A Cross-Country Exposition-Expanded Dataset -- II. Iraq's Dependence on Hydrocarbons, Relative to Other Oil Exporters in the Middle East.