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Tests and exams are more or less unquestioned parts of academic life. In his book on the "ignorant schoolmaster", the French educator Joseph Jacotot, Jacques Rancière argues for a radical critique of the disciplinary effects of these instruments of state education and thereby also rejects on anarchist grounds all progressive attempts of educational reform. In this early text, he already fully formulates the principle of "axiomatic equality", which will play a fundamental role in his later writings. My paper reconstructs Rancière's position, partly by tracing it back to its Foucauldian roots, and argues that although it is too spontaneist and thus voluntarist, Rancière's intervention poses an important challenge for every reflection on critical educational practice today.

"Tests and exams are more or less unquestioned parts of academic life. In his book on the 'ignorant schoolmaster', the French educator Joseph Jacotot, Jacques Rancière argues for a radical critique of the disciplinary effects of these instruments of state education and thereby also rejects on anarchist grounds all progressive attempts of educational reform. In this early text, he already fully formulates the principle of 'axiomatic equality', which will play a fundamental role in his later writings. The author's paper reconstructs Rancière's position, partly by tracing it back to its Foucauldian roots, and argues that although it is too spontaneist and thus voluntarist, Rancière's intervention poses an important challenge for every reflection on critical educational practice today." (author's abstract)

Das politische Denken Jacques Rancières verspricht eine theoretische Auflehnung gegen die neoliberale Verwaltung des universalen Sachzwangs. Der Beitrag diskutiert seine Version einer radikalen Demokratietheorie aus der Perspektive der dialektischen Gesellschaftstheorie und -kritik im Anschluss an Adorno und untersucht sein Denken in Bezug auf die Feindbilder des dialektischen Denkens: Ontologie und Positivismus. Rancières Theorie radikaler Demokratie wird identifiziert als verdinglichtes Denken, das Konflikt als sozialanthropologische Konstante in einer positivistischen Ontologie des Sozialen theoretisch fixiert.