Suchergebnisse

Pemikiran Jasser Auda berupaya untuk mendekati hukum Islam dalam berbagai dimensi, yang kemudian disebut dengan pendekatan multi disiplin. Pendekatan multi disiplin itu meliputi aspek metododologi yang telah mapan dirumuskan oleh ulama masa lalu, seperti ushul fiqh, ilmu tafsir, dll. Selain itu pendekatan lapangan filsafat dan teori sistem menjadi pendekatan yang paling signifikan dalam menetapkan dinamik hukum Islam. Pendekatan multidisiplin inilah yang kemudian dikenal dengan pendekatan maqashid yang dirumuskan Jasser Auda yaitu suatu pendekatan teori fiqh yang bersifat holistik (kulliyun) dan tidak membatasi pada teks ataupun hukum parsialnya saja. Namun lebih mengacu pada prinsip- prinsip tujuan universal. Pendekatan dengan menggu-nakan pemahaman maqashid bernilai tinggi dan dapat mengatasi berbagai perbedaan, seperti gap antara Sunni dan Shi"ah, ataupun gap politik umat Islam. Maqashid merupakan sebuah budaya yang sangat diperlukan untuk konsiliasi umat, sehingga mampu hidup berdampingan secara damai.Maqashid hendaknya dijadikan sebagai tujuan pokok dari semua dasar metodologi linguistik dan rasional dalam ijtihad, terlepas dari berbagai varian metode dan pendekatannya. Karena, merealisasikan maqashid yang dijadikan sebagai sistem, pendekatannya akan dapat menggapai keterbukaan, pembaharuan, realistis, dan fleksibel dalam sistem hukum Islam. Dengan demikian proses ijtihad akan menjadi efektif dan realistis sesuai dengan maqashid Shari"ah, yang intinya meraih kemaslahatan (jalnul masalih).

Maqasid al-shariah is not new, but the study of Maqasid al-shariah is very much needed in Islamic law. This is because Islamic law, whose main source is the Koran and hadith, is given to Muslims or all beings on earth. Allah always gives development to all his creatures, both his behavior and the way he takes Islamic law as his support. Jassser Auda offers methods in a systems approach as an effort to form a new frame of mind in understanding Islamic law in the current era. It is hoped that religious approaches and interpretations can produce legal products that are in accordance with the stated intentions of Islam. This paper will briefly describe what Maqasid al-Syari'ah is and how the concept of a systems approach proposed by Jasser Auda. This type of research used in this research is a library (Library Research). This research is aimed at collecting data and information with the help of various materials in the library room, such as books, magazines, document notes and other historical stories. Maqashid is a theory of fiqh which is holistic, not limited to text or partial laws. However, this lies in more universal principles and goals. This mode uses a high-value understanding of Machasid and can overcome many differences, such as Sunni and Shia and Muslim politics. Makasid is a mode that is needed by society to make peace or live side by side in peace.

Islamic law transformative bid is made to replace the Islamic Law Compilation (KHI) in the form of Counter Legal Draft Compilation of Islamic Law (CLD-KHI), attracted the attention of academics, scholars and jurists of Islam in Indonesia. Many of those who reject and not infrequently also agree with the offer. This formulation is a challenge to bring order to respect Indonesia by Islamic law to all national character, culture and progress in democratization and upholding human rights, including women's rights. This study aims to answer the question (a) how is the legal istinbath method used in formulating the Counter Legal Draft Compilation of Islamic Law? (b) What is the formulation of the Counter Legal Draft Compilation of Islamic Law from the perspective of Jasser Auda's sharia maqasid? Library research using qualitative approach suggests that (a) the CLD-KHI is a legal draft in the form of provisions, so that in the process of its formulation is done through a procedural step that is done gradually, systematically, and involve several competent authority (b) Formulation of family law Islam offered in CLD-KHI in law istinbath method is not contrary to the concept of maqasid syariah Jasser Auda. However, the application instead of KHI still hindered political factor, because there are chapters that are considered controversial.

A bomb explosion in the City of London, England, not only shook Jasser Auda's soul, but also increased the academic anxiety that encouraged him to start writing an important work in his academic career entitled Maqasid al-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law. The peak of his anxiety is a fidgetiness accumulation that he experienced during the struggle with the academic world, especially Islamic law. The condition of Muslims at that time is increasingly culminating in the case of terrorism in London that took the name of Islamic law1 coupled with the low level of muslims human development index (HDI) indicated the inferioity as well as the low quality of Muslims both in terms of science, education, politics, economy, women's empowerment, and other capabilities that were still under of minimum standards2. Jasser Auda also felt an intellectual anxiety when finding the reality of Islamic law (fiqh) seemed to be lacking in solutions to the Islamic community in general. The anxieties here are not related to the material in Islamic law but to the understanding, thought, determination and implementation of Islamic law in the daily lives of Muslims in various countries.

Persoalan utama yang dihadapi dunia Islam dewasa ini adalah kegagalan dalam proses demokratisasi politik, sistem ekonomi dan pendidikan, berkembangnya ancaman ekstrimis religius (fundamentalis), serta upaya pemupukan pluralisme dan pemahaman modern atas toleransi yang didasarkan pada sikap saling memahami. Realitas dunia Islam seperti itu telah menggelitik Jasser Auda untuk mempertanyakan kembali posisi syariat Islam- dimanakah syariat Islam? Bagaimana syariat Islam dapat berperan positif dalam mensikapi krisis yang dihadapi dunia Islam? Apakah ada masalah dalam syariat Islam? Tulisan ini menelusuri gagasan pembaharuan Jasser Auda dalam bidang hukum Islam yang menawarkan pendekatan sistemik terhadap hukum Islam. Menurut Auda, sebagai suatu sistem, hukum Islam harus dijabarkan melalui enam kategori-teoritis, yaitu: sifat kognitif (cognitive nature), saling keterkaitan (interrelated), keutuhan (wholeness), keterbukaan (openess), multi-dimensionalitas (multi-dimentionality) dan kebermaknaan (purposefulness). Di sini Auda menawarkan rekonstruksi teori maqas}id sekaligus, pada saat yang sama, mengkritik teori maqas}id klasik yang cenderung hirarkis dan sempit. Menurutnya, suatu ijtihad hukum Islam hanya akan efektif manakala ia mencerminkan maqas}id (tujuan) di balik teks sebagaimana yang diinginkan oleh syari'.

This article draws on the work of Just Associates (JASS), a feminist movement support organisation that strengthens the leadership and organising capacity of community-based women networks in Southern Africa, Southeast Asia, and Mesoamerica, to transform the structures that perpetuate inequality and violence. We analyse qualitative interviews and surveys drawn from recipients of the JASS mobilisation fund (JMF), an innovative financial crisis support mechanism for feminist movements. We argue that localisation strategies deployed by women's networks supported by the JMF in response to COVID-19, challenge dominant humanitarian responses that de-centre feminist movements, local knowledge, and expertise. By accounting for local knowledge generated from long histories of movement building, building collective power, and challenging racialised and gendered responses to humanitarian crises, women's collectives and networks supported through the JMF developed contextually relevant responses that challenge patriarchal structural barriers heightened by COVID-19.

Abstract: Marriage under the provisions contained in the classical books of men who wish to have more than one wife, there is no requirement as regulated in the provisions of Government Regulation No. 45 of 1990 amendment to Government Regulation No. 10 of 1982 concerning Marriage and Divorce Permits Civil Servants, five sufficient conditions for the prospective wife, prospective husband, guardian, two witnesses, and sighat. While civil servants in the PP Article 4 Paragraph 1 men who want to have polygamy should seek permission from their superiors and Religious Courts. According to the researcher need to do re-analysis with appropriate methodology and precisely because the Government Regulation concerning state law order, in order to find whether Government Regulation Number 45 Year 1990 concerning Permit of Marriage and Divorce of Civil Servant have expediency or vice versa. For that the researcher chose Maqashid al-Shari'ah Jasser Auda as a knife of analysis in this study. This study aims to test empirically the variables that have been formulated in the formulation of the problem, namely reveal the history of birth PP. No. 45 Th. 1990 amendment of PP. No. 10 Th. 1983 on the marriage and divorce of civil servant, the application of the theory of Maqashid al-Shari'ah Jasser Auda to the PP. No. 45 Th. 1990, and analyzed the PP. No. 45 Th. 1990 amendment of PP. No. 10 Th. 1983 on marriage permit and divorce of civil servants with the theory of Maqashid al-Shari'ah Jasser Auda. Research Methods with Approach and Type of Research is a qualitative approach oriented to the statutory approach (Statute Aproach) with the type of research Library (library research). Methods of data collection using documentation, and data analysis using descriptive - inductive.