Suchergebnisse

Further development of civilization is determined by the amount of accumulated knowledge. Welfare of society, its role in world politics depends on this accumulated knowledge and not on material resources. The Higher Education sphere becomes an eco-nomic and political category. Casual invasion of Science in society requires more inten-sive promotion and propagation of scientific knowledge in mass-media, creating special-ized scientific and popular publications. Key words: science, knowledge, information, civilization, mass-media, culture, popular science literature, humanity and society. ; Подальший розвиток цивілізації визначається обсягом накопиченх знань. Саме від них, а не від матеріальних ресурсів, залежить добробут суспільства, його роль у світовій політиці. Сфера вищої освіти стає категорією економічною та полі-тичною. Повсякденне вторгнення науки в життя суспільства вимагає дедалі інтен-сивнішої популяризації і пропаганди наукових знань на сторінках ЗМІ, творення спеціалізованих науково-популярних видань. Ключові слова: наука, знання, інформація, цивілізація, мас-медіа, культу-ра, науково-популярна література, людство, суспільство.

The article presents a theoretical analysis of modern theories of wisdom, considers the formation and essence of the concept of wisdom in psychology. At the end of the twentieth century, the interest of psychologists in the subject of wisdom began to grow. Wisdom as a concept is integral to any society, culture and time, it reveals those qualities of personality that help a person to be realized. The concept of wisdom requires theoretical justification and empirical research. In general, there are two main concepts of wisdom: one affirms the affective qualities more or less with the cognitive, inherent in man; the other focuses precisely on cognitive and reflexive abilities, ignoring emotional life. This typification has proved itself in several planes. In the history of philosophy, the understanding of wisdom had both an affective and a cognitive character, represented by East and West. Empirical studies of implicit concepts of wisdom conducted in recent years indicate the variability of perception of wisdom. In the East, the concept of wisdom is less analytical and more psychological than in the West, which requires an understanding not only of the intellectual, but also of the sensual (emotions, intuition, etc.). Cross-cultural empirical studies confirm the general difference in the perception of wisdom in different cultures. The influence of age on the manifestations of wisdom in humans should be noted separately. Research has shown that age negatively affects the intellectual component of wisdom, but is neutral to procedural knowledge. On the one hand, with age a person acquires experience that can interpret and extract new procedural knowledge from him. On the other hand, the fact that a person has life experience does not determine a person's qualitative interpretation of what happened to him. The age factor cannot be decisive in becoming wise.

World agricultural sector is on the high level of development, has the potential to achieve high productivity, crop yield sand provide a high standard of living. In Ukraine, the farmers in the village do not have sufficiet opportunities for quality work, knowledge, equipment, technologies, they require the support of government agencies and have to develop agricultural business by their own hands. This makes the work too difficult and expensive products, there is a question on the marketing of the crop.

В статті мовиться про освітні системи в країнах ЄвропейськогоСоюзу, активізацію там інвестицій в людські ресурси і професійну підготовку фахівців, використання в освіті телекомунікаційної інфраструктури, підвищення знань протягом життя. Зазначається, що освітні ініціативи ЄС виходять за його межі, зокрема надається допомога українським освітянам і науковцям. ; The article says about educational systems in the countries of the European Union, about the activation of investment into human resources and professional training of specialists, about the usage of telecommunication technologies in education and about the improvement of knowledge during the lifetime. It is indicated that educational initiatives of the European Union go beyond its borders, in particular, the support Ukrainian educationalists and scientists. In 2015 Ukraine entered the European research space having become an associated member of the EU framework program for Research and Innovation "Horizon 2020". It gives Ukrainian scientists an opportunity to join common European researches and to overcome isolation. The systems of higher education of the European countries are one of he best in the world. Top 5 includes the USA, Canada, Sweden, Finland and Denmark. In top 25 there are 16 countries, including Ukraine. ; W artykule rozpatrywano systemy oświaty w państwach należących do UniiEuropejskiej, aktywizację tam inwestycji w zasoby ludzkie i przygotowaniezawodowe fachowców, wykorzystanie infrastruktury telekomunikacyjnej w oświacie, udoskonalenie wiedzy w ciągu życia. A także zaznaczono, że inicjatywy oświatowe Unii Europejskiej wychodzą za jej zasięgi, w szczególności wspierają ukraińskich pracowników oświaty i naukowców.

The literature review on the development of physical education in European Union had been conducted in the article. The author used four directions to review the literature. In order to develop Direction 1 (theoretical background to research in physical education concepts in the EU countries), a number of sources in the field of comparative pedagogical researches have been analyzed. In order to develop Direction 2 (roots and developments of physical education in the EU countries), mostly have been used historial pedagogical and philosophical researches. In order to develop Direction 3 (practical applications of the physical educa-tion concepts in the EU countries), a number of modern sources and applied researches findings have been considered. In order to develop Direction 4 (current situation in the physical training education in the EU countries), the author has analyzed a range of researches (normative documents of the European Commission, OECD analytical materials etc.).

The literature review on the development of physical education in European Union had been conducted in the article. The author used four directions to review the literature. In order to develop Direction 1 (theoretical background to research in physical education concepts in the EU countries), a number of sources in the field of comparative pedagogical researches have been analyzed. In order to develop Direction 2 (roots and developments of physical education in the EU countries), mostly have been used historial pedagogical and philosophical researches. In order to develop Direction 3 (practical applications of the physical educa-tion concepts in the EU countries), a number of modern sources and applied researches findings have been considered. In order to develop Direction 4 (current situation in the physical training education in the EU countries), the author has analyzed a range of researches (normative documents of the European Commission, OECD analytical materials etc.).

Introduction. The epoch-making disturbing events took place in the XXth century, the world was marked by informatization and globalization – all these processes, to a greater or lesser extent, have been embodied in the memoirliterature of the writers of Ukrainian emigration. Purpose. To find out the historical preconditions for the creation of memoirs literatureby the Ukrainian writers of foreign countries, to reveal conceptual genre-style peculiarities in accordance with modern scientific methodologies. Results. The historical conditionality of the creation of memoirs is manifested in the general national context to disclose the truth to the subjective judgment of the narrator, which is expressed in the sum of ideas, estimates of historical events and facts, autonomous thought-making power of the masterof the word.The attention of memoirists is concentrated not only on the historical changes, milestones, turning-point processes of Ukraine of the XXth century, reflected in the biographies of the narrators, but also on spiritual stoicism, preservation of traditions, native word in the semi-ethnic environment as the basic precondition for recognition of the world of Ukrainian history itself, its culture, its continuous existence in the spiritual period of time, and thus expressing the historical significance of the Ukrainian nation in the universal and globalized spiritual context. In the memoir work, the individual way of the writer, the patriotic position in the process of self-realization, self-identification is evident. Originality. In the course of the research it is discovered that the writer is the bearer of progressive, democratic ideas, ideals of spiritual preservation and revival of the nation on the basis of the very cultural identity in the foreign-speaking state. Conclusions. Since in the nature of the memoirs «contains the synthesis of the two principles – the artistic and documentary» (M. Kotsiubynska), respectively, the artistic-documentary reflection in the historical-cultural continuum is combined with epistemological concepts and ontological basis of the profound, encyclopedic knowledge of the historical time space of Ukraine that extrapolates shown in memoirs facts and social phenomena for future processes. The memoir literature of the writers of the Ukrainian diaspora worked for the reader, forming the national consciousness in order to bring the independence of Ukrainian statehood closer.

The article is devoted to the history of formation of criminalistics knowledge in different countries of the world. Some issues of the history of systematization of forensic knowledge have been studied by such scientists as R. S. Belkin, M. V. Danshin, V. A. Zhuravel, V. P. Kolmakov, V. O. Konovalova, V. V. Yusupov, V. Yu. Shepitko and al. However, the works do not reveal the historical aspect of systematization and formation of the system of criminalistics knowledge. The purpose of the article is to consider issues related to the history of systematization of criminalistics knowledgeAttention is drawn to the differences in the understanding of different scholars of the system of criminalistics knowledge in different historical periods. The process of systematization of criminalistics knowledge in different countries of the world is analyzed. Issues related to the formation of a system of criminalistics knowledge are outlined.The history of systematization of criminalistics knowledge covers several stages. Scientific works are characterized, which contain a certain system of criminalistics knowledge proposed by various authors. Yes, one of the first to summarize and classify criminalistics knowledge was Hans Gross. Also in different countries of the world, scientists have proposed their vision of the system of criminalistics knowledge. In particular, in the works of Uils William, A. Chebyshev-Dmitriev, RA Reissa, S.M. Tregubov, E. Locar, etc., as well as in many legislative acts of France, England, Scotland, North America contain criminalistics recommendations for the investigation of crimes

Introduction. The concept of the knowledge economy, which was formed at the end of the twentieth century, clearly outlined the decisive role of the knowledge resources in the ensuring of the sustainable economic growth. However, more than 20 years experience of realization of Ukraine's efforts to form an effective model of socio-economic development and organically join the European community, using the knowledge potential of the economic transformation, shows the presence of the significant barriers along the way to eliminate the effective mechanisms. It is obvious that the challenges of dynamic technological progress, increasing competition in the world economic space, exacerbation of crises in all spheres of public life highlight the need for a consistent policy of creating a favorable institutional environment for the knowledge component of the national economy.Purpose of the research. The methodological basis of the institutional support for the development of the knowledge economy and identifying approaches to its improvement, taking into account the societal challenges, new risks and threats are substantiated in the scientific study.Research methods. The methodological basis of the study was the use of the systemic and institutional approaches in the process of the theoretical foundations and practice of knowledge economy analyzing. To achieve this objective, the following research methods were used: system analysis, systematization, generalization – in determining the preconditions, factors and results of the knowledge economy; logical – in substantiating the need to modernize the institutional support for the development of the knowledge economy; institutional analysis – in the study of the impact of institutional support on the formation of the knowledge economy.Results. Specific features of the knowledge economy are highlighted. They indicate the need to intensify the processes and develop the mechanisms for its development. The theoretical and methodological basis for the formation of the institutional support for the dynamization of the knowledge economy is substantiated. The trends of the globalized space, which determine the institutional guidelines of the modernization innovation and technological transformations of the national economies are identified. The methodological approaches to the identification of the institutional barriers and untapped opportunities for the development of the knowledge economy as a basis for developing of the conceptual approaches to the modernization of its institutional support are presented. Emphasis is placed on the need for the effective use of the strategic mechanism to provide a clear institutional framework for a consistent active economic policy of knowledge and innovation to improve the development of the national economy. Ways to improve the institutional support for the implementation of mechanisms for the development of the knowledge economy are identified.Perspectives. In the context of the formation of a qualitatively new institutional basis of the knowledge economy development, the issues of establishing of the effective cooperation between the government, educational, scientific, and business institutions towards ensuring of the systemic innovative and technological transformations of the economy is needed; likewise the development and optimal combination of mechanisms of multilevel management of processes of knowledge reset of economy with involvement of stimulating factors at the national, regional, local levels; and the use of the potential of social, value, ethical institutions in the process of formation and use of the knowledge resource of the national economy.

Introduction. Basically, the issues of economic security are considered at the macroeconomic level. Attention focuses on the segment, sectoral approach in the study of the problem, which in turn makes it impossible for economies of European countries to fully prepare for the existing threats. In this connection, there is a need for further study of the issue especially in the context of macroeconomics as a segment of mega European economic system. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze different points of view regarding the concepts of economic security of the state. Methods. Causal method, methods of analysis and synthesis of historical and logical methods. Results. The economic security providing is the main topic of the article. Comprehensive analysis of modern and former views on the given question was conducted in its historical transformation. Various approaches of determining economic security were considered. The best model of ensuring the economic security was offered for Ukraine. The need of close cooperation of Ukraine with the European Union was proved. Originality. It was determined that the choice of models providing economic security should be determined according to the stages of development. Detailed classification of the stages of development of countries in violation of the objective economic laws and mechanisms of influence on the management of economic and financial systems criminogenic factors is offered. Conclusion. The issues of economic security are considered at the macroeconomic level. Attention focuses on the segment, sectoral approach in the study of the problem, which in turn makes it impossible for economies of European countries to fully prepare for the existing threats. In this connection, there is a need for further study of the issue especially in the context of macroeconomics as a segment of mega European economic system. The question was researched considering stable social and political situation in the country as well as in the whole world. The research to provide economic security as the basis for national security was not carried out under conditions of social and political crisis, war.

This article deals the problem of the early Ukrainian modern as very important epoch of Ukrainian and world literature. The solution to this problem is conducted in comparable contexts of European fin de siѐcle. The main idea this work is writers' roles and functions in literary process. In comparative contexts the literary canon as aesthetic phenomenon of a culture are analyzed. The historical, political, social, philosophical, psychological features or the epoch are observed. The separately problem this article is writers' and critic's gender positions. The literary phenomena are analyzed in ontological fields of epoch. It is important to identify areas in which it is appropriate to compare the Ukrainian modern tradition with the world. In the context of comparative studies, a method of scientific research of literary phenomena, processes, figures and works is proposed. In the article the focuses the scientific problem's of the epoch end XIX – beginning XX centyry in Ukrainian literature. The resourses of frontal approach for study difficult material such as movement cultural epoch with its main factors are analised. The main factors is: time borders of period, struggle / cooperation of literary generations, art directions and stules, all diverse creative individual and original individual style in its sense and influence by each writer. Must to analyse the social and cultural, political, religious, scientific, private and everyday constituent of the epoch. The main object of the research (in its historical and philological, philosophical, culture directions) must be creative by writers its need for to ceep integrity of the research. The educational and methodological perspective is pervasive in the article. The focus is on the possibilities of classroom work with students in such difficult to analyze dimensions as interethnic interactions of literary epochs, literary generations, stylistic trends, etc.

Problem setting. In modern theoretical (as well as in political) discourse, the concept of «identity» is a very popular subject of study of completely different spheres of scientific knowledge - history, philosophy, sociology, pedagogy, psychology, literary studies, etc. The relevance of the study of the problem of identity in the modern world is conditioned by the situation of multiculturalism, the presence of signs ofasynchronous development of the world, the spread of mosaic and multiple identities. The reason for the author's interest in the chosen topic is also the aggravation of the identification processes in Ukrainian society and the urgent need to preserve the historically conditioned identity. The widespread use in science, in politics, in the media of this concept requires a clear delineation/definition of the defined concept, based on its close connection with the real social and cultural problems of society. Identity research is today an independent and advanced field of knowledge, and the very concept of «identity» has become a prism through which important features of modern life are studied and evaluated. Recent research and publications analysis. The problem of identity has been the subject of analysis in western science since the second half of the 1960s. She was approached by E. H. Ericsson, Y Habermas, E. Fromm and others. In Soviet science, the concept of identity was not used, but in the post-Soviet sociohumanities it was actively studied. The most developed concepts of identity within the post-modern world belong to J. Habermas, E. Erickson, A. Etzioni, M. Castels, S. Huntington, V. Hesle, K. Hübner and others. For the domestic academic community, the problem of identity became urgent since the mid-1990s, when the problem of national identity began to be actively explored in the works of E. Bystritsky, M. Golovaty, E. Glovakha, O. Zabuzhko, V. Stepanenko, V Kremen, V. Tkachenko, M. Ovcharik, L. Nagorny, M. Obushniy, N. Pelagesh, Y. Rimarenko, A. Ponomaryova, M. Popovich, M. Stepiko, M. ...

The article reveals the phenomenon of the phenomenon of mobbing as a kind of psychological violence in the group and personality relationships. Theoretical approaches to defining the phenomenon of mobbing and its forms. The main characteristics of mobbing were identified: negative actions by one or more persons towards the victim; systematic behavior in such behavior; a significant difference in the ratio of forces. It has been found that these actions can take many forms, but some guidelines remain. It has been found that harassers (harassers) use the following physical effects: punches, pushes, beats, captures and other types of physical coercion. In this form of violence, there are clear gender differences. Yes, boys are more likely than girls to use means of physical influence. Most often, both boys and girls use verbal influence. The article analyzes the international and domestic experience, as well as the known specific situations, which showed that the problem of mobbing is extremely difficult to overcome, as it gets public only in extreme manifestations, and in other cases is sufficiently hidden, such that is generally not made outside of a social group or collective. This is due to the stereotypical social attitudes about the unwillingness to disclose inside information and to accuse the victim of ill-treatment. Theoretical analysis has shown that the limit of manifestation of aggression of a collective to one of the students is depriving oneself of dignity, mental and physical health, creating negative moments with threat to the life of an individual, since life, health and right to honor are the highest values that are officially protected by the Constitution of Ukraine, the Declaration on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, various laws and codes. It was found that the relevant areas of research for the problem of mobbing are the prevention of its manifestation in different types of groups (labor, child, student, etc.), the search for effective forms of work with victims of harassment, subjects of mobbing, and the formation of a tolerant corporate culture.

Actuality. Management as a phenomenon of culture and an exclusively unique object of scientific knowledge occupies a special place in the life of society. As historical development of mankind is complicated as organizational structures, as well as the culture of management and a set of theories that describe them. However, modern science does not take into account that radical changes in organizational reality occur not continuously, but during the bifurcation of civilization. A specific culture that arose precisely in such conditions is mechanistic management, the study of which is devoted to this article. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is a theoretical and historical analysis of the culture of mechanistic management, the identification of the basic determinants of the genesis of this management culture and the formation of the main directions of its development in conditions of industrialism. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, civilization, historical approaches to the study of social phenomena and processes, and the fundamental provisions of the theory of management. Results. The objective preconditions of the formation of a culture of mechanistic management are determined: European science and mechanism arising from the Newtonian picture of the world – the presentation of organizational reality as a machine, as well as atomism, rationalism and social Darwinism as a "natural law" about inter-species struggle; Protestant ethics as a justification of profit; political economy, which introduced the economy in the form of a machine operating under the laws of Newtonian mechanics; great scientific and technical discoveries, demanding new forms of organization of production. The essence of the article is given, comparative characteristics are given and prospects of further application of the main directions of culture of mechanistic management: scientific organization of labor and management are outlined; administrative management; the ...

Informatization of world science predetermined the emergence of new tools for measurement and evaluation of the work of a scientist in quantitative aspect and the creation of scientometric databases, respectively. The existence of different approaches to the assessment of knowledge with the use of the global scientometric databases confirms the relevance of this research. The aim of the research is the systematization of methodological approaches to the assessment of the knowledge accumulated in scientometric databases, and determining prospects for the development of the assessment of knowledge of Ukrainian authors in the world system of scientometric evaluation. We applied general scientific and special research methods: analysis, synthesis, comparative characteristics, theoretical generalization, system approach. In the work a scientometric database is defined as the platform that deposits (accumulates) in electronic format scientific works of scientists of different branches of knowledge and processes lists of cited literature, calculates certain quantitative indicators, based on which it is possible to analyze the influence/credibility of the activity of one or another publication, organization, scientist etc. It is stressed that the main indicator, with the help of which the assessment of knowledge is given, is the knowledge economy index. We carried out a historical review and found that the first and one of the most respected scientometric knowledge databases of the world is Web of Science, part of the platform of the Web of Knowledge. The most widely used quantitative measure that is calculated in this database is the index of efficiency. Another most famous database is Scopus, which Elsevier publishing corporation positions as the largest universal abstract database that allows tracking scientific citation of publications. In accordance with the declared policy of the corporation, this database must become the most complete and exhaustive resource for the search of literature. It was found that the projects concerning the use of the scientometric database Scopus for assessment of the scientific potential of Ukraine in general and individual subjects of scientific activities of the state at the level of the authorities of state governance began to emerge in 2009. It is stressed that only a small proportion of professional publications of Ukraine is integrated into Scopus and the Web of Science, and to analyze objectively the status of science development in the country with their help is impossible. We concluded that despite the inclusion of new publications into these databases, joining them is a complex and lengthy process. Out of several thousand of journals, the Web of Science selects about 10–12, Scopus ~ 50%. The review procedure lasts for almost a year and in case of rejection the renewed request for registration can be submitted only in 2 years. The assumption was adopted about the development of the assessment of knowledge by means of the most famous global scientometric databases in Ukraine: much time is yet to pass until most of the periodicals from the post–Soviet territory will be included into scientific repositories–leaders and a possibility will come to provide objective assessment with their assistance. The scientific novelty of the article is in the systematization of methodological approaches to the analysis and evaluation of knowledge in the world system of scientometric evaluation and in determining the prospects for the development of this sphere in Ukraine. The practical significance of the obtained results is the use by domestic scientists of the materials of the paper to determine scientometric databases and indexes that are the most appropriate for submitting publications and collaboration with the leading periodicals of the world by the fields of knowledge. At present, in the world practice they use 4 indexes of scientific citation as the main tool for the quantitative measurement of the efficiency of the work of a scientist. The use of such indexes is the prospect of further research in the development of the knowledge economy.