Libanon: Konfliktregelung und gesellschaftliche Rekonstruktion in einem Vielvolkerstaat
In: Die Friedens-Warte: Journal of International Peace and Organization, Band 71, Heft 3, S. 289-304
ISSN: 0340-0255
Throughout centuries, Lebanon was the refuge for minorities fleeing discrimination & persecution, resulting in an ethnically & religiously diverse nation. This article details the historical development of this pluralistic society & its establishment of a denominational political power-sharing system, as well as the elements that led to civil war & its subsequent reconstruction & reconciliation. Not without its tensions, the denominational political system served to secure the freedom & autonomy of the various minorities & guarantee peaceful coexistence of ethnic & religious minorities. However, the 1960s saw increasing internal & external pressures that developed into a multifaceted civil war, resulting in enormous casualties among the civil population, as well as massive emigration & further fragmentation & polarization of remaining communities. The 1990 peace accord of Haifa set out important elements for a reorganization of the Lebanese state, including political reform, peaceful coexistence, economic reconstruction, & implementation of rights of return for refugees. L. Kehl