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Purpose – This paper aims to deal with the history and main features of social enterprises in South Korea, where a specific legal framework was enacted in 2006. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis emphasises an economic sociological approach mixing economic considerations, political features and social aspects. The mobilised information comes from previous works realised by the authors on that topic as well as from updated statistics and data about policies, laws and regulations. Findings – The study underlines that the emergence of social enterprises in South Korea was rooted in civil society and citizens' movements before it became a priority on the government's agenda. The result is the co-existence of several forms of social enterprise with distinctive features: social enterprises certified by the official label, on the one hand, and de facto social enterprises, defined as such because of their practices, goals and values, on the other hand. Such a situation generates a growing tension between the priorities and values emphasised by the political sphere and by the civil society. Research limitations/implications – Social enterprise is an emerging field of interest and a recent phenomenon, constantly in progress; consequently, systematic data on the field are still lacking, and researchers do not have enough hindsight to learn definitive lessons and draw broad conclusions of statistical significance. Originality/value – The paper sheds light on a phenomenon that is multi-dimensional and is rapidly evolving. It provides a better comprehension of South Korean political choices and socio-economic changes and can help to anticipate future evolutions and to shape related policies to deal with work integration and the promotion of welfare-mix in the field of social services provision. It also brings information and learning for cross-country comparative studies.

PurposeThis paper aims to deal with the history and main features of social enterprises in South Korea, where a specific legal framework was enacted in 2006.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis emphasises an economic sociological approach mixing economic considerations, political features and social aspects. The mobilised information comes from previous works realised by the authors on that topic as well as from updated statistics and data about policies, laws and regulations.FindingsThe study underlines that the emergence of social enterprises in South Korea was rooted in civil society and citizens' movements before it became a priority on the government's agenda. The result is the co‐existence of several forms of social enterprise with distinctive features: social enterprises certified by the official label, on the one hand, and de facto social enterprises, defined as such because of their practices, goals and values, on the other hand. Such a situation generates a growing tension between the priorities and values emphasised by the political sphere and by the civil society.Research limitations/implicationsSocial enterprise is an emerging field of interest and a recent phenomenon, constantly in progress; consequently, systematic data on the field are still lacking, and researchers do not have enough hindsight to learn definitive lessons and draw broad conclusions of statistical significance.Originality/valueThe paper sheds light on a phenomenon that is multi‐dimensional and is rapidly evolving. It provides a better comprehension of South Korean political choices and socio‐economic changes and can help to anticipate future evolutions and to shape related policies to deal with work integration and the promotion of welfare‐mix in the field of social services provision. It also brings information and learning for cross‐country comparative studies.

Public interests in coming futures of Korea continue to be increasing. Fears on uncertainties and pending challenges as well as demands on a new but Korea-own development model trigger a quantitative increase of futures research and relevant organizations in both public and private. The objective of this paper is to review history of futures studies and national development plan and strategy linked with foresight along with its challenges and recommendations. This paper identifies drawbacks and limits of Korea foresight such as misapplication of foresight as a strategic planning tool for modernization and economic development and its heavy reliance on government-led mid- and long-term planning. As a recommendation, an implementation of participatory and community-based foresight is introduced as a foundation for futures studies in Korea. A newly established research institute, the National Assembly Futures Institute, has to be an institutional passage to deliver opinions of the public, a capacity-building platform to increase the citizen's futures literacy, and a cooperative venue for facilitating a participation and dialogue between politicians, government officials, and researchers.

Part I. Agendas relating to the forced annexation of Korea by Japan / Yi Tae-Jin -- The Choshu Faction's invasion of Korea: violation of law and morality / Chu Chinoh -- Korea-Japan relations in modern times and the annexation of Korea: an assessment of the response to Japan during the Korean empire era / Wada Haruki -- The Russo-Japanese War and Japan's annexation of Korea: considering the Russian factor / Matsuda Toshihiko -- Commander-in-Chief of Staff Otani Kikuzo of the Japanese Army stationed in Korea during the pre-and post-Eulsa Protectorate -- Treaty periods / Sasagawa Norikatsu -- Typology of the protectorate -- Part II. Colonialism in East Asia and Japan / Arai Shinichi -- Disorder of East Asia and colonialism / Mizuno Naoki -- Observation of colonial rule during the period of Japanization: focusing on the loyalty oath of imperial subjects / Chang Seiyoon -- Japan's colonial rule of Korea and the response of the Korean people / Xu Yong -- Japan's aggression in northeast China and the concept of the inseparability of Manchuria and Korea: Yamagata Aritomo's policy plan / Li Cheng-Chi -- The formation of the crow in colonial Taiwan: a study from the perspective of historical sociology -- Part III. Illegality and invalid of Japan's annexation of Korea / Mushakoji Kinhide -- Towards recognition of the crime of colonialism: the lesson of Japan's violent annexation of Korea / Totsuka Etsuo -- The liquidation of history in East Asia / Doh See-hwan -- Reexamination of the 1910 Treaty of Japan's Annexation of Korea from the viewpoint of historical justice and international law / Lee Keun-Gwan -- Reassessing the Japanese annexation of Korea from the perspective of international law: the illegality of the annexation and the 1965 Korea-Japan Claims Settlement Agreement -- Part IV. Historical perception and remaining tasks / Byeon Yeong-ho -- The one hundredth anniversary of Japan's forced annexation of Korea and Korean residents in Japan / Cha Ha-soon -- Repentance for past misdeeds and choice for the future / Bu Ping -- Creating a framework for dialogue on East Asian historical issues / Lee Jong-Won -- The republic of Korea-Japan agreement and remaining challenges / Edward J. Shultz -- An act of war: the U.S. seizure of Hawai'i -- Part V. Historical justice and awareness of reconciliation -- Joint statement by Korean and Japanese intellectuals: 1910 Korea-Japan Annexation Treaty is null and void (full text)

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Series Page -- About the Author -- Contents -- Acknowledgments and Preface -- Editor's Introduction -- Timeline -- 1. Korea, the United States, and the World -- 2. The Korean People: Their Land and Their Story -- 3. Korea's Colonial Ordeal, 1910-1945 -- 4. Korea as a Divided Nation -- 5. North Korea: The People and Their System -- 6. Thinking about the Future of Korea -- Notes -- Glossary -- Suggestions for Further Reading.

Intro -- Contents -- List of Images and Boxes -- Boxes -- Preface to the Third Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Note on Romanization -- Maps of Korea and East Asia -- Brief Chronology of Korean Political History -- Introduction -- 1: Goguryeo and Early Korea -- BATTLE OF SALSU RIVER, 612 -- ANCIENT KOREA AND GOGURYEO -- RISE AND FALL OF GOGURYEO -- THE PULL OF ANCIENT HISTORY -- 2: Queen Seondeok and Silla's Unification -- SILLA'S DISPATCH OF AN EMBASSY TO GOGURYEO, 642 -- BUDDHISM AND POWER -- LEGENDS OF THE UNIFICATION -- SILLA'S "WINNING" FEATURES -- 3: The Maturation and Decline of Unified Silla -- ASSASSINATION OF JANG BOGO, 846 -- JANG BOGO, CHOE CHIWON, AND UNIFIED SILLA SOCIETY -- SILLA AND NORTHEAST ASIA -- LOCAL STRONGMEN AND THE END OF SILLA -- 4: Elements of Goryeo's Founding -- THE ISSUANCE OF WANG GEON'S "TEN INJUNCTIONS," 943 -- "GREAT FOUNDER OF KOREA" -- VISION OF THE TEN INJUNCTIONS -- LEGACY -- 5: Religion and Regionalism in the Goryeo Order -- THE OUTBREAK OF THE MYOCHEONG REBELLION, 1135 -- THE INSTITUTIONALIZED INFLUENCE OF THE BUDDHIST CLERGY -- MYOCHEONG'S REBELLION -- AFTERMATH -- 6: Survival and Adaptation in the Mongol Overlord Period -- THE MARRIAGE OF LADY GI TO THE YUAN EMPEROR, 1340 -- THE MONGOL CONQUEST -- GORYEO WOMEN IN THE MONGOL EMPIRE -- 7: Competing Views of the Goryeo-Joseon Transition -- YI BANGWON'S PURGE OF JEONG DOJEON, 1398 -- JEONG DOJEON: FROM MASTERMIND TO POLITICAL POWER -- A RENAISSANCE, REVOLUTION, OR COUP? -- TAEJONG'S IMPACT -- 8: Confucianism and the Family in the Early Joseon Era -- THE DRAFTING OF LADY YI'S WILL, 1541 -- EARLY JOSEON CONFUCIANISM -- CONFUCIAN FAMILY LAW AND WOMEN'S STANDING -- 9: Surviving the Great Invasions, 1592-1637 -- THE RETURN OF ADMIRAL YI SUNSIN, 1597 -- PROBLEMS IN THE KOREAN RESPONSE -- NARRATIVES OF HEROISM -- THE REGIONAL ORDER REMADE.

"The first English-language history of Korea that offers a balanced, comprehensive overview reflecting recent East Asian and Western scholarship. While popular trends, cuisine, and long-standing political tension have made Korea familiar in some ways to a vast English-speaking world, those who follow K-Pop or North Korea's nuclear weapons program have little familiarity with the region's recorded history of some two millennia. And for most, "East Asia" still means China and Japan, with South Korea lost somewhere in the middle. Korea: A History addresses general readers, providing an up-to-date, accessible overview of Korean history from antiquity to the present. Eugene Y. Park draws on original-language sources and the most up-to-date synthesis of recent East Asian and Western-language scholarship to provide a history unlike anything currently available. This book expands still-limited English-language discussions on premodern Korea, offering rigorous and compelling analyses of Korea's modernization while discussing LGBT, ethnic minority, and various historical groups not frequently included in Korean histories. Overall Park is able to break new ground on questions and debates that have been central to the field of Korean studies since its inception"--