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The field of Graph Theory plays a vital role in various fields. In Graph theory main problem is graph labeling. Graph Labeling is the assignment of integer's form 1 to n for vertex, edges and both of the graphs respectively. One of the important areas in graph theory is Graph Labeling which is used in many applications like coding theory, radar, astronomy, circuit design, missile guidance, communication network addressing, x-ray crystallography, data base management. Here we would like to enhance the graph labeling applications in the field of computer science. This paper gives an overview of labeling of graphs in heterogeneous fields to some extent, but mainly focuses on important major areas of computer science like data mining, image processing, cryptography, software testing, information security, communication networks etc….These are various subjects in engineering studies and these are more efficiently used in various sectors like government sectors, corporate sectors like that. In these subjects every subject has their concept and gave their usage related to graph labeling. Future enhancements for the graph labeling should be used in cloud computing, signal processing etc… Various papers based on graph theory and graph labeling applications have been studied and we explore the usage of Graph Labeling in several areas like data mining, communication networks, image processing, cryptosystems, computer science applications and an overview has been proposed here.

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We sought to determine if, after adjusting for economic status, race is an independent risk factor for glycemic control among diabetic patients in a large primary care patient population.</p><p><strong>Design, Setting, Participants: </strong>We performed a retrospective chart review of 264,000 primary care patients at our large, urban academic medical center to identify patients with a diagnosis of diabetes (n=25,123). Zip code was used to derive median income levels using United States Census Bureau demographic information. Self-reported race was extracted from registration data.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Main Outcome Measures: </strong>The prevalence of diabetes, average glycated hemoglobin (A1c), and prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes of White and Black patients at all income levels were determined.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>White patients had a lower average A1c level and a lower prevalence of diabetes than Black patients in all income quartiles (P&lt;.001). Among White patients, the prevalence of diabetes (P&lt;.001), uncontrolled diabetes (<em>P</em>&lt;.001), and A1c level (P=.014) were inversely proportional to income level. No significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes (P=.214), A1c level (P=.282), or uncontrolled diabetes related to income was seen in black patients (P=.094).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Race had an independent association with diabetes prevalence and glycemic control. Our study does not support two prominent theories that economic and insurance status are the main factors in diabetes disparities, as we attempted to control for economic status and nearly every patient had insurance. It will be important for future analysis to explore how healthcare system factors impact these observed gaps in quality. <em>Ethn Dis. </em>2016;26(1):85-90; doi: 10.18865/ed.26.1.85</p>

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- Note on Transliteration -- Introduction -- 1. Taking Center Stage: The Poet-Saint and the Impersonator of Kuchipudi Dance History -- 2. "I am Satyabhama": Constructing Hegemonic Brahmin Masculinity in the Kuchipudi Village -- 3. Constructing Artifice, Interrogating Impersonation: Madhavi as Vidūṣaka in Village Bhāmākalāpam Performance -- 4. Bhāmākalāpam beyond the Village: Transgressing Norms of Gender and Sexuality in Urban and Transnational Kuchipudi Dance -- 5. Longing to Dance: Stories of Kuchipudi Brahmin Women -- Conclusion: Rewriting the Script for Kuchipudi Dance -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Drawing on multisited ethnographic fieldwork and performance analysis, this book centers on an insular community of Smarta brahmin men from the Kuchipudi village in Telugu-speaking South India, who are required to don strī-vēṣam (woman's guise) and impersonate female characters from Hindu religious narratives. According to the hagiography of Siddhendra, the founding saint of Kuchipudi dance, every brahmin man from a hereditary Kuchipudi family must don strī-vēṣam at least once in his life, a prescription that still resonates in the village today. Impersonation, the term used to indicate the donning of gender guise (vēṣam), is not simply a performative mandate for Kuchipudi brahmin men but also a practice of power that creates normative ideals of brahmin masculinity in village performance and everyday life. However, the construction of brahmin masculinity against the backdrop of impersonation is highly contingent, particularly on account of the expansion of Kuchipudi in the latter half of the twentieth century from a localized village performance to a transnational Indian "classical" dance tradition. By shifting from village to urban and transnational spaces, the book traces the technologies of normativity that create, sustain, and undermine normative ideals of gender, caste, and sexuality through the embodied practice of impersonation in contemporary South India.

Drawing on multisited ethnographic fieldwork and performance analysis, this book centers on an insular community of Smarta brahmin men from the Kuchipudi village in Telugu-speaking South India, who are required to don strī-vēṣam (woman's guise) and impersonate female characters from Hindu religious narratives. According to the hagiography of Siddhendra, the founding saint of Kuchipudi dance, every brahmin man from a hereditary Kuchipudi family must don strī-vēṣam at least once in his life, a prescription that still resonates in the village today. Impersonation, the term used to indicate the donning of gender guise (vēṣam), is not simply a performative mandate for Kuchipudi brahmin men but also a practice of power that creates normative ideals of brahmin masculinity in village performance and everyday life. However, the construction of brahmin masculinity against the backdrop of impersonation is highly contingent, particularly on account of the expansion of Kuchipudi in the latter half of the twentieth century from a localized village performance to a transnational Indian "classical" dance tradition. By shifting from village to urban and transnational spaces, the book traces the technologies of normativity that create, sustain, and undermine normative ideals of gender, caste, and sexuality through the embodied practice of impersonation in contemporary South India.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a worldwide viral pandemic leading to global efforts to produce and distribute effective vaccines that prevent coronavirus virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1). The Spike protein and, more specifically, its receptor-binding domain (RBD) on the virus surface are responsible for binding to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) on the host cell. Hence, because of their central role in viral entry, the Spike and the RBD are established immunogens in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (2, 3). mRNA-based and viral-vectored vaccines encoding the Spike protein have gained regulatory approvals and are being massively deployed presently. Despite their excellent protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccines have well-known limited thermostability, and thus, global distribution is complicated by the requirement of ultracold freezing storage temperatures (4). As COVID-19 vaccines are needed worldwide to immunize sufficient populations to induce global herd immunity, including in low- and middle-income countries, there is more demand for vaccine doses than at any other time in history (5). A potent vaccine that is effective with a lower amount of antigen per dose would increase manufacturing and distribution capacity, facilitating the supply of global needs during the pandemic. ; This research was supported by the NIH (R43AI165089), the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under a Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant (E.R.), the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholar program (J.P.-J.), the Ontario Early Researcher Awards program (J.P.-J.), and the Canada Research Chairs program (J.P.-J.). Cryo-EM images were collected at the Facility for Electron Microscopy Research (FEMR) at McGill University. FEMR is supported by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, the Quebec government, and McGill University. ; Peer reviewed