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The Kurds inhabit an area known as Kurdistan, which roughly includes the Zagros and Taurus mountain ranges, and lies along the borders of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria. Traditionally, the Kurds were nomadic pastoralists or settled agriculturalists, but now mainly live in settled agricultural communities with livestock. The Kurds are predominantly orthodox Sunni Muslims of the Shafi school, however, some tribes are Shiite (Busby, 1996). This entry focuses on the orthodox Sunni Muslim Kurds living in the town and vicinity of Rowanduz, Iraq, ca. 1950. The Kurdish religious beliefs are interwoven through many spheres of life. The religious group is coterminous with the society in the sense that the Kurds are not an autonomous political group, as, "the society is politically integrated with others in a pluralistic state within which it enjoys theoretically equal status (Column 1, Tuden and Marshall, 1972)." Therefore, religion is coterminous with Kurdish society aside from the polity, which is integrated with the Iraq government. ; Non UBC ; Unreviewed ; Other

Cover -- Half Title Page -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- World Map -- Chronology -- Chapter 1 Historical Background on the Kurds -- Chapter Exercises -- Viewpoint 1 An Overview of the Kurds -- Viewpoint 2 Turkey's 1934 Settlement Law Targets Non-Turks Including Kurds -- Viewpoint 3 The Kurds Hoped for Equality and Peace on the Eve of Iraq's Independence -- Viewpoint 4 Turkey's Kurds Feel Fustrated and Bitter -- Viewpoint 5 Saddam Hussein is Accused of Using Poison Gas Against the Kurds -- Viewpoint 6 The Kurds Rebel in Iraq and Turkey After The Gulf War -- Viewpoint 7 Kurdish Graves Are Exhumed in Iraq -- Viewpoint 8 Kurds and Shia Muslims Vote Together in Post-Saddam Iraq -- Chapter 2 Controversies Surrounding the Kurds -- Chapter Exercises -- Viewpoint 1 Saddam Hussein's Actions Against the Kurds Constitute Genocide -- Viewpoint 2 Saddam Hussein's Actions Against the Kurds were Horrific, But Do Not Consititue Genocide -- Viewpoint 3 The Kurds Should Be Granted an Independent State -- Viewpoint 4 It Is Too Risky to Set Up an Independent State for the Kurds -- Viewpoint 5 The United States Has Nobly Protected Weaker Nations and Groups Like the Kurds -- Viewpoint 6 Chapter Three: Saddam Hussein's American Train -- Viewpoint 7 Iraqi Arabs Flock to Kurdistan -- Viewpoint 8 Kurdistan After Saddam Hussein Is Still Dependent on Foreign Support -- Viewpoint 9 Kurdistan After Saddam Hussein Is a Violent Gangster State -- Viewpoint 10 Turkish Actions Against Kurds Consititue Genocide -- Viewpoint 11 Turkey Has Not Mistreated the Kurds -- Viewpoint 12 The Kurdish Language and Culture Are Still Under Threat in Turkey -- Chapter 3 Personal Narratives -- Chapter Exercises -- Viewpoint 1 A Kurd Who Grew Up In Turkey Laments the Denial of His Cultural Identity

The paper focuses on Syrian Kurds, who compared to Kurds in Iraq and Turkey were out of the spotlight of academic community of researchers. Introduced are Syrian Kurds and their relationship to various regimes that ruled Syria. Complicated relation of Kurds in Syria towards consequences of the Arab Spring is also explained. Relations to the Arab Spring are affected by the historical experience. Kurdish traditional political parties were careful to join the Syrian opposition, but young activists and the diaspora (also diaspora in the Czech Republic) was less hesitant to join the opposition movement. Fight with the so called Islamic State has united Kurds in Syria, (and the same happened in Iraq as well) however some differences among them remain.

Disgusted with ISIS, some Kurds turned away from Islam following the fall of Mosul in 2014. Many became atheists, while others sought comfort in Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrianism, according to converts, was the "original" religion of the Kurds before they embraced Islam. In 2015, two Zoroastrian centers opened in Sulaimani, both of which are recognized by the Kurdish Regional Government in northern Iraq. Notably, neither has tried to recreate Zoroastrianism the way it is currently and has been historically practiced in Iran and South Asia. Instead, they have created their own versions of Zoroastrianism, which is nationalist, postmodern, and liberal. Kurdish Zoroastrians argue that the reason Kurds are "backward" is Islam. They seek to rectify the present situation through a Kurdish "authenticated" and "original" form of Zoroastrianism. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork at these two centers, the present article examines this new religious movement in Sulaimani, an important city in the Kurdish region of northern Iraq. It analyses the rise and distinctiveness of Kurdish Zoroastrianism looking at how Zoroastrian Kurds articulate their views on Islam, women's rights, human rights, and Kurdish independence.

La diversité des pays d'origine (Turquie , Irak Iran ,
Syrie) rend difficile l'appréhension de la communauté immigrée kurde comme un ensemble , le terme même de "communauté" étant discutable. Statistiques difficiles à établir, absence d'interlocuteur institutionnel à la fois pour le pays d'accueil et les populations migrantes , cette situation est le reflet en Europe de la situation du peuple kurde au Moyen-Orient. Ce flou des liens d'appartenance dans les pays d'accueil rend plus difficile la construction identitaire.

Prospects for Kurdish and Palestinian independence have been dimmed by geopolitics, regional imbroglios, the rise of illiberalism, and domestic politics. Yet, inevitable changes that are likely to emerge from the mayhem in the Middle East, a region embroiled in often violent change, hold out greater promise for nationhood for the Kurds than for the Palestinians. Nonetheless, both Kurds and Palestinians, by seeking to exploit regional rivalries and hitching themselves to the interests of external powers in a bid to further their goals, run the risk of ending up falling between two chairs.

Teil VIII unserer Serie zum "Islamischen Staat": "Blogforum 'Kalifat des Terrors: Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven auf den Islamischen Staat". Die Kurden feiern in diesen Tagen den Sieg über den Islamischen Staat in Kobane. Die Hauptstadt des Distrikts Ain al-Arab im Gouvernement Aleppo in Syrien liegt nahe der syrisch-türkischen Grenze. Seit Anfang 2014 ist Ain al-Arab Zentrum eines der drei selbstverwalteten Kantone Rojavas. Diese Kantone stehen unter der Kontrolle der kurdischen "Partei der Demokratischen Union" (PYD) und ihrer Verbündeten. Die PYD ist eine Schwesterpartei der PKK, sie erkennt Abdullah Öcalan als ideologischen Führer an.

Recording Kurdish voices from Istanbul and Diyarbakır, Turkey's most important Kurdish-populated cities, this book documents Kurdish narratives of oppression and resistance, and enquires how Kurds reconcile their distinct ethnic identity and citizenship in modern Turkey.