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The Kurds inhabit an area known as Kurdistan, which roughly includes the Zagros and Taurus mountain ranges, and lies along the borders of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria. Traditionally, the Kurds were nomadic pastoralists or settled agriculturalists, but now mainly live in settled agricultural communities with livestock. The Kurds are predominantly orthodox Sunni Muslims of the Shafi school, however, some tribes are Shiite (Busby, 1996). This entry focuses on the orthodox Sunni Muslim Kurds living in the town and vicinity of Rowanduz, Iraq, ca. 1950. The Kurdish religious beliefs are interwoven through many spheres of life. The religious group is coterminous with the society in the sense that the Kurds are not an autonomous political group, as, "the society is politically integrated with others in a pluralistic state within which it enjoys theoretically equal status (Column 1, Tuden and Marshall, 1972)." Therefore, religion is coterminous with Kurdish society aside from the polity, which is integrated with the Iraq government. ; Non UBC ; Unreviewed ; Other

Cover -- Half Title Page -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- World Map -- Chronology -- Chapter 1 Historical Background on the Kurds -- Chapter Exercises -- Viewpoint 1 An Overview of the Kurds -- Viewpoint 2 Turkey's 1934 Settlement Law Targets Non-Turks Including Kurds -- Viewpoint 3 The Kurds Hoped for Equality and Peace on the Eve of Iraq's Independence -- Viewpoint 4 Turkey's Kurds Feel Fustrated and Bitter -- Viewpoint 5 Saddam Hussein is Accused of Using Poison Gas Against the Kurds -- Viewpoint 6 The Kurds Rebel in Iraq and Turkey After The Gulf War -- Viewpoint 7 Kurdish Graves Are Exhumed in Iraq -- Viewpoint 8 Kurds and Shia Muslims Vote Together in Post-Saddam Iraq -- Chapter 2 Controversies Surrounding the Kurds -- Chapter Exercises -- Viewpoint 1 Saddam Hussein's Actions Against the Kurds Constitute Genocide -- Viewpoint 2 Saddam Hussein's Actions Against the Kurds were Horrific, But Do Not Consititue Genocide -- Viewpoint 3 The Kurds Should Be Granted an Independent State -- Viewpoint 4 It Is Too Risky to Set Up an Independent State for the Kurds -- Viewpoint 5 The United States Has Nobly Protected Weaker Nations and Groups Like the Kurds -- Viewpoint 6 Chapter Three: Saddam Hussein's American Train -- Viewpoint 7 Iraqi Arabs Flock to Kurdistan -- Viewpoint 8 Kurdistan After Saddam Hussein Is Still Dependent on Foreign Support -- Viewpoint 9 Kurdistan After Saddam Hussein Is a Violent Gangster State -- Viewpoint 10 Turkish Actions Against Kurds Consititue Genocide -- Viewpoint 11 Turkey Has Not Mistreated the Kurds -- Viewpoint 12 The Kurdish Language and Culture Are Still Under Threat in Turkey -- Chapter 3 Personal Narratives -- Chapter Exercises -- Viewpoint 1 A Kurd Who Grew Up In Turkey Laments the Denial of His Cultural Identity

Die "empfehlenswerte erste Einführung" (E. Mair-Gummermann, BA 4/97) wurde um bis in den August 1999 reichende Informationen zur Situation der Kurden und der PKK (nach der Festnahme ihres Führers Öcalan) im Nahen Osten und in Europa ergänzt. - Zur Erst- oder auch Ersatzbeschaffung weiterhin empfohlen. (1 S) (Wei)

The paper focuses on Syrian Kurds, who compared to Kurds in Iraq and Turkey were out of the spotlight of academic community of researchers. Introduced are Syrian Kurds and their relationship to various regimes that ruled Syria. Complicated relation of Kurds in Syria towards consequences of the Arab Spring is also explained. Relations to the Arab Spring are affected by the historical experience. Kurdish traditional political parties were careful to join the Syrian opposition, but young activists and the diaspora (also diaspora in the Czech Republic) was less hesitant to join the opposition movement. Fight with the so called Islamic State has united Kurds in Syria, (and the same happened in Iraq as well) however some differences among them remain.