Suchergebnisse

The final paper of master's studies is composed of 59 pages, 28 figures, 16 tables, list of literature resources, the paper is written in the Lithuanian language. Key words: labor market, labor force, emigration, immigration, migration of labor force, Lithuanian labor market, unemployment, extent of unemployment in Lithuania. The objective of the final paper is to reveal the impact of international labor migration on Lithuanian labor market. Seeking to achieve the determined goal, the following goals were set in the paper: 1. To reveal the theoretical aspects of labor force and labor market. 2. To reveal the causes, significance and outcomes of migration of the labor force. 3. To establish the extent of mobility of the citizens of the Republic of Lithuania within Lithuania based on the data from the Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania and Lithuanian Free Market Institute. 4. To perform a questionnaire survey of the heads of the respondent Lithuanian companies, to provide a comprehensive analysis of the received data. The object of the research is Lithuanian labor market and international migration of labor force, which has influence upon Lithuanian labor market. Period of research is from 2001 to 2006. When preparing this final paper the following methods of investigation of economic phenomena were used: analysis, synthesis, comparison and summarizing of scientific literature, investigating migration of labor market, the causes and outcomes thereof; survey of Lithuanian companies, qualitative and quantitative analysis, graphical visualization and other methods of investigation of economic and social phenomena. When analyzing the collected material it was established, that the international migration of labor force has both positive and negative influence upon Lithuanian labor market. Due to the increase of emigration, the unemployment rate in the country decreased and in some spheres a lack of labor force was even felt. Such situation in labor market promoted immigration of labor force to the country, which in the nearest future can have negative influence upon the average level of wages.

The final paper of master's studies is composed of 59 pages, 28 figures, 16 tables, list of literature resources, the paper is written in the Lithuanian language. Key words: labor market, labor force, emigration, immigration, migration of labor force, Lithuanian labor market, unemployment, extent of unemployment in Lithuania. The objective of the final paper is to reveal the impact of international labor migration on Lithuanian labor market. Seeking to achieve the determined goal, the following goals were set in the paper: 1. To reveal the theoretical aspects of labor force and labor market. 2. To reveal the causes, significance and outcomes of migration of the labor force. 3. To establish the extent of mobility of the citizens of the Republic of Lithuania within Lithuania based on the data from the Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania and Lithuanian Free Market Institute. 4. To perform a questionnaire survey of the heads of the respondent Lithuanian companies, to provide a comprehensive analysis of the received data. The object of the research is Lithuanian labor market and international migration of labor force, which has influence upon Lithuanian labor market. Period of research is from 2001 to 2006. When preparing this final paper the following methods of investigation of economic phenomena were used: analysis, synthesis, comparison and summarizing of scientific literature, investigating migration of labor market, the causes and outcomes thereof; survey of Lithuanian companies, qualitative and quantitative analysis, graphical visualization and other methods of investigation of economic and social phenomena. When analyzing the collected material it was established, that the international migration of labor force has both positive and negative influence upon Lithuanian labor market. Due to the increase of emigration, the unemployment rate in the country decreased and in some spheres a lack of labor force was even felt. Such situation in labor market promoted immigration of labor force to the country, which in the nearest future can have negative influence upon the average level of wages.

According to official statistics, the number of the disabled counts more than 253 159 people in Lithuania and that accounts for 9 percent of the country's population. Persons with various disabilities, physical or mental disorders, tend not to lead normal personal as well as social lives, and their basic rights are violated on a daily basis. Taking into consideration the severe economic situation, the prevailing level of unemployment and other consequences of the crisis, integration of the disabled into the work market is vitally important as work has become the only source of income. It has been proved that disability causes conflicts with one's life since disability limits the person's psychological and social functions, and this results in the loss of autonomy, physical strength, the ability to move, orientation, the loss of friends and, eventually, work. The disability affects one's personality: it erodes the sense of integrity, affects one's activity, mobility and dynamics. The number of disabled people employed in the labor market is a major indicator of their integration into the society. Unfortunately, legal system and laws do not guaranty smooth employment for the disabled. In fact, disabled people face various obstacles and high requirements while trying to compete in the labor market such as required education, proper training, work experience, preferable age, the level of work performance at work and the level of disability. A solution to the existing problem of the disabled could be permanent, active and integral actions and measures taken at local, regional and national level. This study is intended to draw more attention to the disabled who are unemployed and/or registered at employment centers. Moreover, this study provides possible solutions regarding employment opportunities for the disabled and should be considered as a practical guide to solving the problem. The work consists of introduction, four chapters and conclusion. The list of the literature used in the work is also included. The first chapter deals with analyzing the essence of the concept concerning disability, people with disabilities regarding their level of performance and the problem of their unemployment. The second chapter provides the analysis of the social and labor integration of the disabled and their employment in Lithuania. The chapter also gives a real insight into valid legal documents in the Republic of Lithuania as well as the documents of the European Union which protect human rights of the disabled. The third chapter focuses on professional rehabilitation, training and/or retraining opportunities for the disabled and the contribution of social enterprises to the issue. The fourth chapter analyzes several qualitative surveys carried out by Skuodas employment centre on the existing problem. The aim of the surveys was to analyze the existing situation as to the motivation of the disabled to work, and the results are provided. The conclusion contains summary of the work and recommendations to the problem are provided.

According to official statistics, the number of the disabled counts more than 253 159 people in Lithuania and that accounts for 9 percent of the country's population. Persons with various disabilities, physical or mental disorders, tend not to lead normal personal as well as social lives, and their basic rights are violated on a daily basis. Taking into consideration the severe economic situation, the prevailing level of unemployment and other consequences of the crisis, integration of the disabled into the work market is vitally important as work has become the only source of income. It has been proved that disability causes conflicts with one's life since disability limits the person's psychological and social functions, and this results in the loss of autonomy, physical strength, the ability to move, orientation, the loss of friends and, eventually, work. The disability affects one's personality: it erodes the sense of integrity, affects one's activity, mobility and dynamics. The number of disabled people employed in the labor market is a major indicator of their integration into the society. Unfortunately, legal system and laws do not guaranty smooth employment for the disabled. In fact, disabled people face various obstacles and high requirements while trying to compete in the labor market such as required education, proper training, work experience, preferable age, the level of work performance at work and the level of disability. A solution to the existing problem of the disabled could be permanent, active and integral actions and measures taken at local, regional and national level. This study is intended to draw more attention to the disabled who are unemployed and/or registered at employment centers. Moreover, this study provides possible solutions regarding employment opportunities for the disabled and should be considered as a practical guide to solving the problem. The work consists of introduction, four chapters and conclusion. The list of the literature used in the work is also included. The first chapter deals with analyzing the essence of the concept concerning disability, people with disabilities regarding their level of performance and the problem of their unemployment. The second chapter provides the analysis of the social and labor integration of the disabled and their employment in Lithuania. The chapter also gives a real insight into valid legal documents in the Republic of Lithuania as well as the documents of the European Union which protect human rights of the disabled. The third chapter focuses on professional rehabilitation, training and/or retraining opportunities for the disabled and the contribution of social enterprises to the issue. The fourth chapter analyzes several qualitative surveys carried out by Skuodas employment centre on the existing problem. The aim of the surveys was to analyze the existing situation as to the motivation of the disabled to work, and the results are provided. The conclusion contains summary of the work and recommendations to the problem are provided.

According to official statistics, the number of the disabled counts more than 253 159 people in Lithuania and that accounts for 9 percent of the country's population. Persons with various disabilities, physical or mental disorders, tend not to lead normal personal as well as social lives, and their basic rights are violated on a daily basis. Taking into consideration the severe economic situation, the prevailing level of unemployment and other consequences of the crisis, integration of the disabled into the work market is vitally important as work has become the only source of income. It has been proved that disability causes conflicts with one's life since disability limits the person's psychological and social functions, and this results in the loss of autonomy, physical strength, the ability to move, orientation, the loss of friends and, eventually, work. The disability affects one's personality: it erodes the sense of integrity, affects one's activity, mobility and dynamics. The number of disabled people employed in the labor market is a major indicator of their integration into the society. Unfortunately, legal system and laws do not guaranty smooth employment for the disabled. In fact, disabled people face various obstacles and high requirements while trying to compete in the labor market such as required education, proper training, work experience, preferable age, the level of work performance at work and the level of disability. A solution to the existing problem of the disabled could be permanent, active and integral actions and measures taken at local, regional and national level. This study is intended to draw more attention to the disabled who are unemployed and/or registered at employment centers. Moreover, this study provides possible solutions regarding employment opportunities for the disabled and should be considered as a practical guide to solving the problem. The work consists of introduction, four chapters and conclusion. The list of the literature used in the work is also included. The first chapter deals with analyzing the essence of the concept concerning disability, people with disabilities regarding their level of performance and the problem of their unemployment. The second chapter provides the analysis of the social and labor integration of the disabled and their employment in Lithuania. The chapter also gives a real insight into valid legal documents in the Republic of Lithuania as well as the documents of the European Union which protect human rights of the disabled. The third chapter focuses on professional rehabilitation, training and/or retraining opportunities for the disabled and the contribution of social enterprises to the issue. The fourth chapter analyzes several qualitative surveys carried out by Skuodas employment centre on the existing problem. The aim of the surveys was to analyze the existing situation as to the motivation of the disabled to work, and the results are provided. The conclusion contains summary of the work and recommendations to the problem are provided.

The paper describes the European Strategic Programs, their formation. Elaboration of the ET 2020 Strategic Program, a qualitative study to further reveal how "Erasmus+", part of the "ET 2020", contributes to the promotion of mobility for learning, the views of the participants in the program, how this program helps to integrate into the modern labor market and what personal characteristics this program helps to develop and improve.

The paper describes the European Strategic Programs, their formation. Elaboration of the ET 2020 Strategic Program, a qualitative study to further reveal how "Erasmus+", part of the "ET 2020", contributes to the promotion of mobility for learning, the views of the participants in the program, how this program helps to integrate into the modern labor market and what personal characteristics this program helps to develop and improve.

The present Master's thesis is examining legal regulation of active labor market policy measures and employment support programs in Lithuania. To achieve purposes of the study, methods of theoretical and empirical research are employed: logic-analytic, comparative, documents analysis, analogies, linguistic, systemic analysis, and generalization. The problem of employment is one of the most important economic and social problems in many countries of the world. Employment may be conceived as activity of residents related to satisfaction of personal and public needs and resulting in income or earnings in cash or in kind. Employment is crucial for fully-fledged participation of citizens in economic, cultural, and social life, for realization of their potentials, and represents actual implementation of the right to employment freedom. To stimulate growth of the economy, all countries must include into their labor markets as many people as possible and must ensure their steady participation in that market. For this purpose it is necessary to increase employment by means of an active labor market policy. Active labor market measures are recognized to be the main and effective tool for implementation of both employment and social policies. Employment support programs stimulate changes on a wider scale, particularly with the regard to development of certain regions characterized by a slower economic growth. The work leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to promote territorial mobility of a work force and to increase opportunities for creation of jobs by people themselves. Taking into account experience of other countries, it is necessary to create legal framework for compensation of travel and accommodation expenses for those unemployed, for whom their territorial labor exchange is not able to offer jobs close to their places of residence, if such persons find jobs in locations remote from their places of residence. Keywords: Employment, unemployment, active labor market policy measures.

The present Master's thesis is examining legal regulation of active labor market policy measures and employment support programs in Lithuania. To achieve purposes of the study, methods of theoretical and empirical research are employed: logic-analytic, comparative, documents analysis, analogies, linguistic, systemic analysis, and generalization. The problem of employment is one of the most important economic and social problems in many countries of the world. Employment may be conceived as activity of residents related to satisfaction of personal and public needs and resulting in income or earnings in cash or in kind. Employment is crucial for fully-fledged participation of citizens in economic, cultural, and social life, for realization of their potentials, and represents actual implementation of the right to employment freedom. To stimulate growth of the economy, all countries must include into their labor markets as many people as possible and must ensure their steady participation in that market. For this purpose it is necessary to increase employment by means of an active labor market policy. Active labor market measures are recognized to be the main and effective tool for implementation of both employment and social policies. Employment support programs stimulate changes on a wider scale, particularly with the regard to development of certain regions characterized by a slower economic growth. The work leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to promote territorial mobility of a work force and to increase opportunities for creation of jobs by people themselves. Taking into account experience of other countries, it is necessary to create legal framework for compensation of travel and accommodation expenses for those unemployed, for whom their territorial labor exchange is not able to offer jobs close to their places of residence, if such persons find jobs in locations remote from their places of residence. Keywords: Employment, unemployment, active labor market policy measures.

Theoretical and Practical Problems Concerned with the Legal Regulation of the Employment of Foreign Nationals World processes of globalization have particularly strong influence on mobility of labor between the various continents and countries. As our country lacks certain professions, companies try to eliminate these gaps by inviting foreigners to take available jobs. Although the current conditions of labor movement is an inevitable phenomenon, each country tries to protect its own labor market from arbitrary large immigrant invasion, because it causes demographic, economic, social and even political problems. In view on current affairs came new legislation regulating the employment of foreigners Lithuania procedure, which established favorable conditions for family reunification for high-skilled workers, foreigners coming to teach, according to the exchange or internship programs, as well as foreigners investing Lithuania, tightened a temporary residence permit Republic of Lithuania, the issue of treatment for foreign nationals wishing to engage in business in Lithuania. The work is scrutinized by the European Union employment regulation of foreign workers, of third-country nationals who are of legal regulation. Much attention has been paid on the "Blue Card" ("blue card") institute, since it had secured more favorable to skilled workers from third countries working and living in the European Union (together with Lithuania) conditions. The thesis analyses existing and possible future legislation concerning regulation on the employment of foreign nationals in Lithuania.

Theoretical and Practical Problems Concerned with the Legal Regulation of the Employment of Foreign Nationals World processes of globalization have particularly strong influence on mobility of labor between the various continents and countries. As our country lacks certain professions, companies try to eliminate these gaps by inviting foreigners to take available jobs. Although the current conditions of labor movement is an inevitable phenomenon, each country tries to protect its own labor market from arbitrary large immigrant invasion, because it causes demographic, economic, social and even political problems. In view on current affairs came new legislation regulating the employment of foreigners Lithuania procedure, which established favorable conditions for family reunification for high-skilled workers, foreigners coming to teach, according to the exchange or internship programs, as well as foreigners investing Lithuania, tightened a temporary residence permit Republic of Lithuania, the issue of treatment for foreign nationals wishing to engage in business in Lithuania. The work is scrutinized by the European Union employment regulation of foreign workers, of third-country nationals who are of legal regulation. Much attention has been paid on the "Blue Card" ("blue card") institute, since it had secured more favorable to skilled workers from third countries working and living in the European Union (together with Lithuania) conditions. The thesis analyses existing and possible future legislation concerning regulation on the employment of foreign nationals in Lithuania.

Master's thesis topic is relevant to the investigation of migration processes in the Lithuanian population. Compared to other demographic phenomena, emigration is becoming increasingly important in recent decades. Globalization allows people to promote the emigration of the world to seek better working conditions, higher wages, to realize their ideas and opportunities, but this is a positive aspect of the global labor market, unsuitable for individual countries. Emigration problem is particularly urgent in Lithuania. Large scale emigration has affected a number of Lithuanian population declines. Also indirectly it affected other demographic and social, economical processes. This emigration is regarded as one of Lithuania the most serious threats to the country's demographic development, economic growth and the preservation of cultural identity. In this Master's thesis was used in the scientific literature, statistical data, results of research conducted, official reports, publications and analytical articles, which describes the population of migratory processes in the form of their expression, the magnitude of emigration from Lithuania after regaining independence in 1990 and accession to the European Union. The factors that effect migration mobility and causes of migration from Lithuania were identified. The scientific literature suggests that the causes of emigration, is usually one of the most difficult problems to identify in migration. This is due to reasons that are often confused with the objective to be achieved in the new country. Causes of migration are really important because it helps to decide what actions should be taken to slow the growing migration from Lithuania. The research showed that the most significant factors for migration is that social and economical conditions in Lithuania are lower that in other western countries. The main reason for emigrating are the low wage rates and the opportunity to create ones social and economical well being more quickly. In summary, the main causes for migration from Lithuania are economical and financial.

Master's thesis topic is relevant to the investigation of migration processes in the Lithuanian population. Compared to other demographic phenomena, emigration is becoming increasingly important in recent decades. Globalization allows people to promote the emigration of the world to seek better working conditions, higher wages, to realize their ideas and opportunities, but this is a positive aspect of the global labor market, unsuitable for individual countries. Emigration problem is particularly urgent in Lithuania. Large scale emigration has affected a number of Lithuanian population declines. Also indirectly it affected other demographic and social, economical processes. This emigration is regarded as one of Lithuania the most serious threats to the country's demographic development, economic growth and the preservation of cultural identity. In this Master's thesis was used in the scientific literature, statistical data, results of research conducted, official reports, publications and analytical articles, which describes the population of migratory processes in the form of their expression, the magnitude of emigration from Lithuania after regaining independence in 1990 and accession to the European Union. The factors that effect migration mobility and causes of migration from Lithuania were identified. The scientific literature suggests that the causes of emigration, is usually one of the most difficult problems to identify in migration. This is due to reasons that are often confused with the objective to be achieved in the new country. Causes of migration are really important because it helps to decide what actions should be taken to slow the growing migration from Lithuania. The research showed that the most significant factors for migration is that social and economical conditions in Lithuania are lower that in other western countries. The main reason for emigrating are the low wage rates and the opportunity to create ones social and economical well being more quickly. In summary, the main causes for migration from Lithuania are economical and financial.

Globalization is a process that nobody can stop. The best solution for the defense is to stop the resistance against this process. Globalization does not give heed to borders; it progresses every day and involves all domains of the country. Globalization is understood as a growing interdependence of world economy, as an economic integration of different countries through an international trade, the movement of capital and the movement of people with their feelings and knowledge. Globalization is the penetration of the global market into the life of the countries, caused by the strengthening international financial markets, rising world trade, creation of multinational business and progress in telecommunications. General globalization processes show the benefit of free economic relations between the states for all participating countries. Increased capital mobility limits the opportunities of economics politics and develops pressure for the market to implement useful politics. The benefits of globalization are obvious: it is faster growth, higher standards of life and new opportunities. The phenomenon of globalization seems to weaken the traditional power and sovereignty of nation-states, since much of the aspects seem to be out of control for the states. On of the means of market's mergers between Lithuania and foreign countries is foreign direct investment (FDI), international trade and migration. These are the key factors for moving globalization process toward different countries. With expensive and limited capital resources in Lithuania, lack experience in using modern management and marketing methods, globalization helps to promote the growth of industry and export, to get more FDI, to compete in global market. After an entrance into EU, Lithuania has developed its economic very much. Following this FDI, world trade also are getting higher (there a lots of figures and tables in the work that sow it). Opened boards let the people more easily to migrate. Companies, which get FDI, do the export and invest in foreign countries, have larger and faster labor increase productivity, establish more work places, pay larger salaries and faster develop their activities. Because of their size and that they are in a lot of countries they can more easily and with lower costs reach materials, technologies, various products and services. Performed research shows that lots of companies are satisfied the process of globalization and are to step into another level.

Globalization is a process that nobody can stop. The best solution for the defense is to stop the resistance against this process. Globalization does not give heed to borders; it progresses every day and involves all domains of the country. Globalization is understood as a growing interdependence of world economy, as an economic integration of different countries through an international trade, the movement of capital and the movement of people with their feelings and knowledge. Globalization is the penetration of the global market into the life of the countries, caused by the strengthening international financial markets, rising world trade, creation of multinational business and progress in telecommunications. General globalization processes show the benefit of free economic relations between the states for all participating countries. Increased capital mobility limits the opportunities of economics politics and develops pressure for the market to implement useful politics. The benefits of globalization are obvious: it is faster growth, higher standards of life and new opportunities. The phenomenon of globalization seems to weaken the traditional power and sovereignty of nation-states, since much of the aspects seem to be out of control for the states. On of the means of market's mergers between Lithuania and foreign countries is foreign direct investment (FDI), international trade and migration. These are the key factors for moving globalization process toward different countries. With expensive and limited capital resources in Lithuania, lack experience in using modern management and marketing methods, globalization helps to promote the growth of industry and export, to get more FDI, to compete in global market. After an entrance into EU, Lithuania has developed its economic very much. Following this FDI, world trade also are getting higher (there a lots of figures and tables in the work that sow it). Opened boards let the people more easily to migrate. Companies, which get FDI, do the export and invest in foreign countries, have larger and faster labor increase productivity, establish more work places, pay larger salaries and faster develop their activities. Because of their size and that they are in a lot of countries they can more easily and with lower costs reach materials, technologies, various products and services. Performed research shows that lots of companies are satisfied the process of globalization and are to step into another level.