The debtors' crisis at the end of the 20 century is a hard reality facing the transitional countries. (And not only them.) However, to borrow or not to borrow, is a false dilemma. In the situation when in most transitional countries the local accumulation is insufficient for financing the economic development and completing the transitional process, the only alternative is borrowing. This is particularly unavoidable when the influx of foreign capital via direct investments is meagre. This is also true for the Republic of Croatia, in which the level of direct investments is, for the time being, very modest. That is why borrowing, particularly from foreign countries, calls for a high degree of caution, a well-thought out approach to borrowing, and the rational use of the loans. (SOI : S. 204)
Пољопривреда са производњом хране је једна од најважнијих стратешких грана привреде која има за циљ производњу и снабдевање становништва квалитетном и безбедном храном. Oрганскa пољопривредa и производњa хране датира са почетка 20. века када се због прекомерне, неконтролисане и нестручне употребе хемијских средстава у производњи хране јавила потреба за алтернативним поступцима. Према дефиницији, коју даје Codex alimentarius oрганска пољопривреда је холистички систем управљања производњом хране, којим се избегава употреба вештачких ђубрива, пестицида и генетски модификованих организама, смањује загађење ваздуха, земљишта и воде, и оптимизује здравље и продуктивност биљака, животиња и људи. Заснива се на четири принципа: принцип здравља, екологије, правичности и бриге. Органска производња са једне стране обезбеђује јавна добра, која доприносе заштити животне средине и добробити животиња, а са друге доприноси развоју сеоских подручја (Регулатива ЕC 834/2007). Површине под органском производњом у Републици Српској у 2019.години су износиле око 560 ha (обрадива површина, ливаде, пашњаци), односно само 0,06 % од укупне обрадиве површине. Број сертификованих произвођача хране у Републици Српскоj варира из године у годину, али се креће до 50. Циљ рада је да се укаже на значај органске производње и могућност пласирања хране на тржишту Европске уније и других развијених земаља. Биће описано која висококвалитетна храна се органски производи у Републици Српској, сертификација производње, законска и подзаконска регулатива која се примењује, као и подстицајне мере које су значајне да би се органска производња унапредила у Републици Српској. ; Agriculture accompanied by food production is one of the most important strategic branches of the economy, it has the production and supply of quality and a safe food. The idea of organic agriculture and food production dates back to the 20th century, when due to excessive, uncontrolled and unprofessional use of chemicals in food production, appeared a need of an alternative procedures. Organic farming is an integrated system of high quality food production based on the highest environmental practices that are socially accepted and economically profitable. According to the definition given by the Codex alimentarius, organic agriculture is a holistic food production management system that avoids the use of fertilizers, pesticides and genetically modified organisms, reduces air, soil and water pollution, and optimizes the health and productivity of independent plant, animal and human communities. It is based on four principles: the principle of health, ecology, fairness and care. Organic production, on the one hand provides public goods, which contributes to the protection of the environment and animal welfare, and on the other hand contributes to the development of rural areas (EC Regulation 834/2007). Areas under organic production in the Republic of Srpska in 2019 amounted to about 560 ha (arable land, meadows, pastures), which is only 0.06% of the total arable land. The number of certified food producers in the Republic of Srpska varies from year to year, but ranges up to 50. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of organic production and the possibility of placing food at the market of the European Union and other developed countries. It will be described which high-quality food is organically produced in the Republic of Srpska, production certification, applicable laws and regulations, as well as incentive measures that are important to improve organic production in the Republic of Srpska.
The process of European integrations, with a growing political, economic, and security interdependence of member states is designed in such a way that, among other things, it can eventually result in developing a collective approach to defense, whose features would be a far cry from any other form of traditional alliances. The signatories of the Maastricht Agreement vowed to shape a common defense policy which would in time lead to the common defense. The common defense policy, whose structure would be built on the basis of the models and trends of the defense policies of the leading West-European countries, should evolve as an integral part of EU's common foreign and security policy. It should address all the aspects of the use of military power, and it will require an analysis of a broad spectrum of possible scenarios which may pose a threat to EU's security. EU countries have demonstrated certain shortcomings in their military capacities e.g. transport equipment and other capacities for deployment. Although in the economic field they have achieved consensus on numerous issues, it is obvious that defense issues such as nuclear weapons, professionalization of the military and the policies of defense industry are still a major bone of contention for EU members. Though EU, WEU, and NATO represent only a segment of the European security architecture, they will most probably serve as the key institutional framework for the development of a common defense policy and common defense. Further expansion of this triangular institutional framework is going to be interdependent, mutually supportive and parallel. (SOI : PM: S. 89)
Thucydides is considered to be the founder of political realism. Even in those times he determined the basic premises of realism - security and survival. He made an impact on subsequent development of realism embodied in the works of Machiavelli, Hobbes, Morgenthau, Car, Niebuhr, Aaron, Waltz etc. They will call the system of international relations as anarchical one since there is no supreme arbitrator which will force states to adequate behaviour. His views of realism were given in the volume 'The Peloponnesian War' where he had determined the anarchy of the relationships among states. Such system did not rely on justice and morale, but force and power were the predominant facts. He also introduces the category of just wars by claiming that Sparta led a just war against the increased power of Athens, and observed morale principles. Nevertheless, Thucydides faces contradictory, since Sparta itself as the largest land force of that time had to use force in order to beat Athens. He went ahead since he considered force and power as a necessary condition to achieve other objectives, which was later on adopted by Raymond Aaron. Following the example of the war between Athens and Sparta, he successfully analysed bipolar system of balance of power in which the conflict between the leading members of the two opposite blocks was possible in the end, while beforehand there should have been conflicts among weaker members of both blocks. Thucydides explained the manifestation of force and power using example of the Melian dialogue between the envoys of Athens and Melos. It was about the pure politics of force of Athens regardless of the fact that Melos had its independence.
