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Rezultati probnih istraživanja nalazišta Batina–Sredno 2010. godine ; Results of the 2010 Trial Excavations of the Batina–Sredno Site
U probnim istraživanjima nalazišta Batina–Sredno potvrđene su pretpostavke koje počivaju na rezultatima terenskog pregleda o postojanju prapovijesnog i rimskog groblja smještenih južno od naselja na Gracu. Razdoblju prapovijesti pripadaju ostaci ravnog paljevinskog groblja daljske grupe s kraja brončanog i početka željeznog doba. U grobovima su zabilježeni brojni keramički, metalni i stakleni nalazi koji potvrđuju pretpostavke o iznimnoj važnosti Batine kao istaknutog južnopanonskog centra smještenog na važnoj komunikaciji koja je slijedila tok Dunava. Posebno je važno otkriće danas izravnanih tumula s grobovima smještenim uz njihove rubove od kojih se neki izdvajaju veličinom te brojem i vrstama nalaza. Razdoblju antike pripada otkriće paljevinskih i kosturnih grobova na južnoj nekropoli utvrde Ad Militare i pripadajućeg civilnog naselja. Zabilježeni su i karakteristični jarci V-presjeka koji se povezuju s djelovanjem rimske vojske. Rezultati probnih istraživanja na Srednom potvrdili su iznimno značenje ovog nalazišta za hrvatsku, ali i europsku arheološku baštinu. ; After two years of field surveying in north-eastern Baranja with the aim of finding new archaeological sites and documenting registered ones, trial excavations in Batina conduced. The trial excavations were conduced at the Sredno site, situated in the north-eastern part of Bansko Brdo. The excavations were conduced with the aim of examining the assumed existence of a prehistoric and Roman cemetery. The assumption was based on the results of a 2008 field survey. In the excavations, four trenches were dug, three in the central part of the site, and the fourth in its northern part, closest to the settlement at Gradac (Fig. 1). The trenches were dug in mild elevations that had been significantly lowered in the course of soil cultivation (Fig. 2). A total of 61 graves were excavated: 47 prehistoric and 14 Roman. In the trenches, a relatively large number of ditches were found, varying in width and depth. In the course of the excavations, a flat incineration cemetery of the Dalj Group was found, which represented the newer stage of the Late Bronze Age and the initial phase of the Early Iron Age. Along the northern margin of the cemetery in Sredno, tumuli were identified, the remains of which were suggested by irregular elevations also situated in other parts of the site. All the graves contained cremation remains, laid in ceramic vessels (Fig. 5) or in organic envelopes (Fig. 3). Most frequently, various forms of pots were used as urns, and in most cases they were covered by a bowl. The majority of finds comprise ceramic vessels that contained food and beverages for the final journey (Fig. 3). The most common finds are various forms of pots, bowls, kantharoi, beakers and cups, and exceptionally dual vessels and stands. Among metal grave goods, attire accessories (fibulae, needles) and ornaments (armlets, torques, pendants) were recorded. These often show signs of having been incinerated in a funeral pyre with the deceased. The number of metal attire accessories and ornaments is larger in women's graves, where glass beads and ceramic spindlewhorls also appear. Relatively small iron knives with a gently curved blade and a short tang are typical in the graves of both sexes. In men's graves, the parts of attire also include bronze needles. Whetstones and iron beads were also recorded. Grave 12 stands out with its finds of weapons and attire accessories, which also included a large ceramic symposial set. It was partly cut by grave 3, in which bronze items forming part of a horse harness were unearthed. According to the characteristics of the pottery and metal finds, the graves can provisionally be classified in two burial horizons: an older horizon from the end of the Late Bronze Age (9th century BC), and a newer one from the beginning of the Early Iron Age (8th century to the first half of the 7th century BC). The graves have direct analogies with Dalj Group finds from Batina, which are preserved in numerous European museum collections. In Sredno, 14 Roman incineration and skeleton graves were found. These belong to the southern necropolis located along the road leading from the Ad Militare fort to the Ad Novas fort. Incineration burials in urns, of the bustum type, were unearthed (Fig. 6), as well as those with scattered cremation remains in a grave pits. Skeleton graves with finds of coins were also recorded (Fig. 7). In the fills of cremation graves, ceramic vessel and lamp shards were found, as well as iron nails, wedges and rivets, and bronze mounts. On the basis of their finds, the oldest burials were dated to the 1st century, while graves of the bustum type suggest a more recent dating, probably the 2nd century or the beginning of the 3rd century at the latest. Skeletal graves are more recent and originate from the 3rd century. A relatively large number of wide and deeply sunk ditches were found that possibly represent the remains of ditches which might have been constructed along roads. Two ditches with a characteristic V-shaped cross-section deserve special mention, as they are typical defensive ditches (fossa) of Roman military camps.
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Đakovo - Franjevac: kasno bakrenodobno naselje : late eneolithic settlement
In: Musei Archaeologici Zagrabiensis catalogi et monographiae 7
The Age of Migration. International Population Movements in the Modern World
In: Politicka misao, Band 36, Heft 2, S. 236-240
KOSOVO INDEPENDENCE - 13 YEARS LATER ; NEOVISNOST KOSOVA – 13 GODINA POSLIJE
The protracted conflict in Kosovo has led to the European Union's special concern on the issue, specifically its special activities in the entire area of the Western Balkans with the aim of fully Europeanizing the area and bringing it closer to European integration. The period from the 1980s was a kind of turning point for Kosovo, given that the changed constitutional possibilities in the then state gave the opportunity for independence and the establishment of the state of Kosovo. The understanding of the entire Kosovo issue needs to be observed from the historical aspect and the role of the international community. In general, the state of Kosovo was created mainly based on international action, which laid the foundations for the establishment of a modern European state. In this process, the Ahtisaari Plan and Resolution 1244 from 1999, from which the European Union derives its activities, played a particularly important role. Until now, Kosovo has gone through three periods – that of political unrest until the 1990s, the intensive actions of the international community until the 2000s, and the period of the European Union, which is still ongoing, more precisely, only beginning since Kosovo has signed the Stabilization and Association Agreement. The European Union has a significant impact on the further development of the state of Kosovo in terms of the rule of law, the establishment of democratic standards, and the strengthening of transparent government. Profiling itself as an important global factor in peace and stability, the European Union in Kosovo has achieved the results that are visible through the EULEX mission and the actions of the High Representative of the European Union in Kosovo, as well as all other European Union institutions. At the end of the second decade of this century, the influence of the United States of America in Kosovo, which has never lost interest in establishing peace and stability in this area, is growing again. That is the reason why joint action by the United States of ...
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NEOVISNOST KOSOVA – 13 GODINA POSLIJE ; KOSOVO INDEPENDENCE - 13 YEARS LATER
Dugotrajnost sukoba na Kosovu dovela je do posebne brige Europske unije o tome pitanju, konkretno njezina posebnog djelovanja na čitavom području zapadnog Balkana s težnjom potpune europeizacije toga prostora i njegova približavanja europskim integracijama. Razdoblje od 80-ih godina 20. stoljeća za Kosovo je predstavljalo svojevrsnu prekretnicu s obzirom na to da su izmijenjene ustavne mogućnosti u tadašnjoj državi davale mogućnost osamostaljenja i uspostave kosovske države. Shvaćanje cjelokupne kosovske problematike potrebno je sagledati i iz povijesnog aspekta te uloge međunarodne zajednice. Općenito, kosovska država nastala je uglavnom na podlozi međunarodnog djelovanja čime su postavljeni temelji za uspostavu suvremene europske države, pri čemu su osobito važni Ahtisaarijev plan te Rezolucija 1244 iz 1999. godine iz koje svoje djelovanje izvodi i Europska unija. Do danas, Kosovo je prošlo tri razdoblja – ono političkih nemira do 90-ih godina 20. stoljeća, razdoblje intenzivnog djelovanja međunarodne zajednice do prvog desetljeća 21. stoljeća te razdoblje Europske unije koje još traje, odnosno tek počinje s obzirom na to da je Kosovo potpisalo Sporazum o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju. Europska unija ima značajan utjecaj na daljnji razvoj kosovske države glede vladavine prava, uspostave demokratskih standarda te jačanja transparentne vlasti. Profilirajući se kao važan globalni čimbenik mira i stabilnosti, rezultati Europske unije na Kosovu vidljivi su kroz misiju EULEX-a te djelovanje Visokog predstavnika Europske unije na Kosovu, kao i svih ostalih institucija Europske unije. Na izmaku drugog desetljeća ovog stoljeća ponovno jača utjecaj Sjedinjenih Američkih Država na Kosovu koje nikada nisu ni izgubile interes za uspostavu mira i stabilnosti na ovom području. Upravo zbog toga, zajedničko djelovanje Sjedinjenih Američkih Država i Europske unije jedini je put ka konačnom rješavanju komplementarnog kosovskog pitanja. ; The protracted conflict in Kosovo has led to the European Union's special concern on the ...
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Rezultati istraživanja nalazišta Batina – Sredno 2013. godine ; The results of the investigations at Batina – Sredno in 2013
U okviru projekta Arheološka baština Baranje proveden je nastavak istraživanja nalazišta Batina – Sredno tijekom kojeg su otkriveni paljevinski grobovi daljske grupe s početka starijega željeznog doba te paljevinski rimski grobovi. U grobovima daljske grupe zabilježeni su prilozi ženske nošnje i nakita kao i brojne keramičke posude koje se, na osnovi oblika i ukrasa, datiraju u 8. i početak 7. stoljeća pr. Kr. Rimski paljevinski grobovi tipa bustum sadržavali su malobrojne priloge te se datiraju u doba Severa. Rezultati dosadašnjih istraživanja potvrdili su kako je Batina iznimno arheološko nalazište u hrvatskome Podunavlju koje pruža vrijedne podatke o kraju kasnoga brončanog i početku starijega željeznog doba kao i spoznaje o životu na baranjskom dijelu limesa. ; In the framework of the Archaeological Heritage of Baranja project the investigations continued at the Batina-Sredno site with the excavation of three probes (15-17), situated near probes 1 and 2 from 2010. A total of 14 burials were investigated: 8 cremation burials of the Dalj group from the beginning of the Early Iron Age and 6 Roman cremation burials. The Dalj burials yielded items of female costume and jewellery, as well as a number of ceramic vessels, which, based on the form and decoration, are dated to the 8th and the beginning of the 7th century BC. Grave 93 is singled out, measuring 2.50 x 2.30 m. It contained a rich ceramic assemblage for symposium consisting of as many as 17 vessels. A shallow bowl on a segmented pedestal stands out by its particularly rich decoration, with incised bird-shaped motifs that associate this vessel with Basarabi-style decoration. Roman cremation graves of the bustum type contained few goods and can be dated to the Severan period. The results of the investigations so far have confirmed that Batina is an exceptional archaeological site in the Croatian Danube Basin, which offers valuable information about the transition from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age, as well as the understanding of the Ad Militare fort on the limes.
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Rezultati istraživanja nalazišta Batina – Sredno 2014. godine ; Research results from Batina – Sredno site in 2014
U okviru projekta Arheološka baština Baranje proveden je nastavak istraživanja nalazišta Batina – Sredno tijekom kojeg je istražena grobna arhitektura tumula T1/2012 te rimski paljevinski grobovi. Ističe se pronalazak bogato opremljenoga rimskog paljevinskog groba iz vremena Marka Aurelija. Rezultati dosadašnjih istraživanja potvrdili su kako je Batina iznimno arheološko nalazište u hrvatskom Podunavlju koje pruža vrijedne podatke o kraju kasnoga brončanog i početku starijega željeznog doba kao i spoznaje o životu na baranjskom dijelu limesa. ; As part of the Archaeological Heritage of Baranja project, research continued on the Batina – Sredno site to investigate the grave architecture of tumulus 1 whose chamber was researched in 2012. Outside the tumulus 1, four graves were explored: one skeleton burial from Hallstatt period and three Roman cremation graves. During the research, detailed record of filling of the layers in tumulus 1 was determined and postholes discovered as part of a wooden fence around the tumulus. Also, a Roman cremation grave was discovered with a large number of finds from the period of Marcus Aurelius. Results have confirmed that Batina is an extraordinary archaeological site in the Croatian Danube Region with precious data from the transitional period between Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, as well as insight into the Ad militare limes fort.
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Rezultati istraživanja nalazišta Batina – Sredno 2012. godine ; The results of the excavations of the Batina – Sredno site in 2012
U sklopu projekta Arheološka baština Baranje proveden je nastavak istraživanja nalazišta Batina–Sredno na kojem su u prethodnim istraživanjima otkriveni paljevinski grobovi daljske grupe iz kasnoga brončanog i početka starijega željeznog doba te biritualna rimska nekropola. Površina istraživanja nalazila se uz rub surduka koji položaj groblja dijeli od naselja na Gracu. Osim otkrića ravnoga paljevinskog groba daljske grupe, započelo se s istraživanjem tumula 1 u kojem je pronađen bogato opremljeni grob s keramičkim simpozijalnim servisom i dijelovima konjske opreme koji ukazuju na pokop istaknutog člana zajednice s kraja 8. i početka 7. stoljeća pr. Kr. Rimski paljevinski grobovi tipa bustum sadržavali su priloge keramičkih posuda i metalnih te koštanih predmeta koji ih datiraju u doba Severa. Rezultati istraživanja potvrdili su kako je Batina iznimno arheološko nalazište koje pruža vrijedne podatke o kraju kasnoga brončanog i početku starijega željeznog doba u hrvatskom Podunavlju te spoznaje o životu na baranjskom dijelu limesa. ; Within the project entitled «The Archaeological Heritage of Baranja» the excavations were continued at the Batina-Sredno site, which had yielded cremation graves of the Dalj group and a biritual Roman necropolis. The excavated area lay adjacent to the edge of the gully dividing the Sredno site from the settlement at Gradac. In addition to the discovery of a grave of the Dalj group (Fig. 9), the excavations were commenced of tumulus 1, which yielded a richly furnished grave measuring 4.5 x 4.5 m, 2 m deep (Fig. 4), dug through the fills of the tumulus. The timber grave chamber contained a ceramic set decorated with motifs executed with thin plates of bronze and tin (Fig. 5–6), as well as items of horse gear (Fig. 7–8), pointing to the burial of a prominent member of the community from the end of the 8th and the beginning of the 7th cent. BC. Sondages 11-13 yielded a ditch characterized by a cross-section in the shape of elongated letter V (Fig. 11), presumably a trench of a temporary military camp. Cremation graves of the bustum type, furnished with ceramic vessels and metal and bone objects that date them to the Severan period, were dug into the fill of the ditch (Fig. 13–15). The results of the excavations corroborated the importance of Batina as a site that provides valuable information about the end of the Late Bronze Age and the beginning of the Early Iron Age in the Croatian Danube basin and our understanding of the life in the Baranja section of the limes.
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Sistemska regulacija međudržavnih odnosa u škripu hrvatskog identitarnog bipolarizma ; Systematic regulation of interstate relations in the Croatian cramp iron of identity bipolarism
Nova euroatlanska civilizatorska misija u hrvatskom prostoru objašnjava se nesposobnošću hrvatske političke vlasti da sama upravlja svojim prostorom, s obzirom na unutarnje etničke netrpeljivosti i nejedinstvo te posljedični manjak samosvijesti zbog koje joj je nužna zaštita Europske unije i NATO-a. Sistemska regulacija međudržavnih odnosa u hrvatskom prostoru tako se je ponovno zatekla u škripu hrvatskog identitarnog bipolarizma, koji počiva na dvama naizgled oprečnim hrvatskim idealima (vjerskom i nacionalnom). Stoga se dobiva dojam da dvije hrvatske tendencije, pripadnost oksidentalnoj vjerskoj, ali slavenskoj zajednici naroda, ne mogu djelovati simultano, nego samo naizmjenično. Iako je upravo jednostrana, naizmjenična eksploatacija hrvatskog dualnog identiteta izvor je svih tragedija Hrvata modernog doba. ; The paper deals with the complexity of international relations regulation in the globalization context and in the cramp iron of Croatian identitarian bipolarism, by the systemic method in the path of Edgar Morin's complexity thought. The author proves that insufficient synchronization of the two opposing and complementary identities of the Croatian space, Latin and Slavophilic, is the product of systemic crisis and the producer of identity crisis. An autonomous foreign policy concept that clearly defines the boundaries of the Croatian regulation system within the European and global regulatory regime, as well as the institution of a strong president acting as an external regulator of Croatian identitarian specificity, are key preconditions for the sustainable development of the Croatian space. In the exit period of the current globalisation cycle (1990-2020), the required variation of the Croatian governing system is diminishing, and external threats are more numerous after the mutation of the Anglo-American regulation system, which defines a new direction for the forthcoming globalization cycle. Without increasing the required variation, insufficient regulation of the Croatian space leads to a new general crisis.
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Nastajanje sociologije u doba ideologija ; Emergence of sociology in the age of ideologies
Polazeći od nekih ranijih rekonstrukcija nastanka sociologije u kojima se isticala izmiješanostmodernističkih i konzervativnih elemenata, pa čak i dominantnija prisutnost potonjih, u člankuse argumentira u prilog tezi da je sociologija bitno modernistički utemeljena. Pri tome je osobitoistaknuto kako je navodna bliskost rane sociologije s tezom konzervativaca o prvenstvu društvanad pojedincem dovedena u kontekst nastojanja da se novouspostavljena znanost o društvu isvojim predmetom proučavanja omeđi u odnosu na ostale društvene znanosti, a ne kako bi sesuprotstavilo modernističkoj vrijednosti individualizma. Prisutnost nekih elemenata ideologijamoderne – liberalizma, konzervativizma i socijalizma – u većoj ili manjoj mjeri prepoznaje se i udjelima istaknutih protagonista klasičnog razdoblja sociologije, ali je njihova osnovna intencijada izbjegnu spekulaciju i moraliziranje, te da primjenom vlastitih znanstvenih metoda pristupesvom predmetu izučavanja, društvu i društvenim promjenama. Osim znanstvenosti sociologijaje moderna znanost i zbog toga što razvoj društva vidi u okviru temeljnih dimenzija promjenainiciranih političkom i industrijskom revolucijom, dakle, daljnjim napretkom znanosti, industrijei političke demokracije. ; Starting from some earlier reconstructions of the emergence of sociology which emphasized themixture of modernist and conservative elements, and even the domination of the latter, in thisarticle we argue in favour of the idea that sociology is essentially modernist. Particular emphasisis given to how the supposed closeness of early sociology with the thesis of conservatives on theprecedence of society over the individual when brought into the context of the newly establishedscience of society and its subject of research is restricted in relation to other social sciences, andnot to oppose the modernist values of individualism. The presence of some elements of modernideologies – liberalism, conservatism and socialism – can be recognized more or less in the worksof the prominent leading names from the classical age of sociology, but their primary intentionwas to avoid speculation and moralization, and that by applying their own scientific methodsthey approach their subject of study, society and social changes. Sociology is a modernist sciencealso because it sees the development of society within the framework of the basic dimensions ofchanges initiated by the political and industrial revolution, and as such, the further progress ofscience, industry and political democracy.
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Sotin, probna arheološka istraživanja 2011. godine ; Sotin, trial archaeological excavations 2011
Probna arheološka istraživanja u Sotinu, koja su provedena u ljeto 2011., imala su za cilj provjeriti hipotezu o položajima sjevernog i južnog ruba željeznodobnog groblja. Istovremeno se pokušao locirati južni obrambeni jarak privremenog vojnog logora otkrivenog na položaju Jaroši 2010. godine. U istraživanjima 2011. godine, uz ostatke zemunice badenske kulture, pronađeno je 15 grobova daljske grupe iz starijeg željeznog doba te 6 rimskih grobova na istočnoj nekropoli Cornacuma položenih uz jednu od rimskih prometnica. Na južnom rubu ranosrednjovjekovnog naselja na Srednjem polju otkrivena je poluzemunica s ognjištem. Rezultati ovogodišnjih istraživanja potvrdili su kako se radi o izuzetno važnom nalazištu u hrvatskom Podunavlju s tragovima naseljenosti iz svih vremenskih razdoblja. ; Trial archaeological excavations undertaken in 2011 in Sotin, lasting in continuity from 2008 in cooperation between the Institute of Archaeology and the City Museum of Vukovar, their goal being the verification of the hypothesis as to the location of the northern and the southern edge of the Iron Age cemetery as well as the attempt to locate the southern moat of the temporary military camp discovered during the 2010 research. The research was conducted on two sites on the south (Jaroši) and on the east (Srednje polje) part of Sotin on the area of 1308 m2. In the probe 10 on Jaroš, cuts of ditches were found that are likely to belong to a section of the Roman road, alongside two Dalj group incineration graves that are assumed to be located on the southern edge of the Iron Age cemetery. Probes 11 and 12 are situated on the edge of the site Srednje polje in the direction of Vašarište. In the probe 11, a pit house was found with fireplace, as well as a pit dated to the Early Middle Ages. In the northern part of the probe 12, a portion of the Baden culture pit house was excavated, but the most important is a discovery of 13 graves of the group Dalj that were scattered over the central part of the small oval elevation. In the southern part of the probe 12, three trenches were found; these are probably the remains of the road, along which six graves of the Cornacum Eastern Necropolis were unearthed. Bearing in mind current archaeological knowledge about Sotin, results of the 2011 research at Jaroš and Srednje polje shed light on the southern boundary of the Copper Age settlement and the southern and northern borders of the Iron Age cemetery. Based on the results of the regional studies of graves of group Dalj it can be assumed that the inhabitants of Iron Age Sotin were buried in small groups that were organized in rows by the ancestral principle, with the possible existence of the horizontal stratigraphy. The discovery of the grave 69, belonging to a prominent woman of the community, is particularly exceptional. A multi-piece ceramic service was found in the burial place, with two urns containing bones, as well as parts of jewellery worn by the deceased while she was still alive (bronze spiral rings, pendants made of shell and stone, two bracelets made of bronze sheet) in one of them. Next to the urn, oval and pyramidal weights as part of the loom, and two vessels in the shape of birds were placed. Apart from the grave 69, a number of ceramic and metal contributions were also found in graves 65 and 78, which, alongside with the grave 1 from the earlier research, indicate burials of prominent members of the community in this part of the cemetery. Ceramography of the Iron Age cemetery in Sotin shows prevailing similarity with finds from the cemetery Doroslovo in Bačka, while on the other hand, the metal contributions substantially differ from those in Doroslov and those retrieved on the nearby cemetery Vukovar-Lijeva Bara from the same period. Based on the ceramic forms and found metal objects (brooches, bracelets), graves located on Srednje polje and Jaroš are dated to the 8th century BC, that is to the IIIa phase according to the periodization created by C. Metzner-Nebelsick (Metzner-Nebelsick 2002: 172-175, Abb. 75). During the research in 2011 it was noted that probably two roads existed on the southeast and on the east of the Roman settlement. Alongside the one on the north, that is, closer to the Danube, six Roman incineration and skeletal graves were discovered. So far, during the trial researches in Sotin, total of 35 Roman graves have been found. Investigated segment of the early Medieval settlement indicates that it was much larger than it had been assumed at first, or that the cemetery was located where the metal artefacts from the same period were discovered earlier. Further research and field surveys will give us a clue to some yet unanswered questions about life in Sotin through the millennia.
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Washington i Havana: nastupa li konačno novo doba? ; Washington and Havana: Is a New Age Finally Coming?
Jedan od najdugotrajnijih sukoba u povijesti američke vanjske politike onaj je između Kube i SAD-a. Neke su američke vlade bile više sklone Kubi, dok su neke bile puno opreznije i u potpunosti nesklone bilo kakvim pregovorima. Od prekida diplomatskih odnosa iz 1961. godine SAD Kubi najviše zamjera oduzimanje imovine koju su potom kubanske vlasti nacionalizirale nakon Revolucije, što je dovelo do ekonomskog embarga na uvoz svih roba s Kube. Pozitivni pomaci u zatopljenju odnosa pojavili su se u razdoblju Carterove administracije te se nastavili u doba predsjednika Clintona. Bush Mlađi ne samo da je zadržao postojeće odnose hladnima nego ih je dodatno zahladio raznim zabranama Kubi. Obamina administracija naznačila je promjene koje su dovele do intenzivnih pregovora, pod pokroviteljstvom pape Franje, te do ponovne uspostave diplomatskih odnosa između te dvije zemlje. ; One of the longest lasting conflicts in the history of the United States foreign policy is the one with Cuba. Some US governments were more inclined to Cuba, while others were more cautious or even unwilling to engage in any negotiations. Since suspension of diplomatic relations in 1961, one of the most important objections of the United States was against expropriation and nationalisation of property after the evolution, which resulted in economic embargo on all imports from Cuba. Positive moves in direction of warming of relations appeared during carter administration, and continued during Pre-sident Clinton. Bush Jr. made existing relations even colder by imposing on Cuba additional restrictions. Obama's administration has introduced changes which resulted in intensive negotiations under the patronage of Pope Francis, and which led to reestablishment of diplomatic relations between the two co-untries.
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Sotin, probna arheološka istraživanja 2010. ; Sotin, Archaeological Trial Excavations 2010
Probna arheološka istraživanja u Sotinu 2010. godine provedena su u dvije kampanje (u svibnju, te u kolovozu i početkom rujna) kojima je cilj bio istražiti, prema dosadašnjim spoznajama, središnji dio željeznodobnog groblja daljske grupe te provjeriti da li se prostorna distribucija grobova razlikuje i kronološki kao što je to bio slučaj u prethodnim istraživanjima. Uz 15 grobova daljske grupe s početka željeznog doba, otkriven je i periferni dio civilnog naselja te dio obrambenog sustava privremenog vojnog logora koji su položeni jugoistočno od vojne utvrde Cornacum smještene na Popinom brdu. Radi se dosad o prvom sigurnom otkriću jednog privremenog vojnog logora na hrvatskom dijelu limesa kojem je u budućim istraživanjima potrebno definirati površinu i unutarnju infrastrukturu. ; The 2010 archaeological trial excavations in Sotin were conducted in two campaigns (in May, and in August and the beginning of September). Their objective was to explore the central part of the Dalj group Iron Age cemetery and to check whether the spatial distribution of the graves varies chronologically, as was the case in previous excavations. Besides 15 Dalj group graves from the beginning of the Iron Age, the peripheral part of the civilian settlement and part of the defence system of a temporary military camp, situated south-east of the Cornacum fort on Popino Brdo, were also excavated. This was the first certain discovery of a temporary military camp on the Croatian part of the Limes. Its structure and inner infrastructure need to be defined in future excavations. The temporary military camp was built south-west of the southern necropolis, and partly ran across the south-western periphery of the industrial part of the civilian settlement. The discovery of the peripheral part of the civilian settlement in a stratigraphic relationship to the temporary camp has shed light on the multiple Roman layers in the south-eastern part of Sotin. It can be asserted with certainty that this is a peripheral part of Cornacum. Considering the fact that pits were found exclusively in trench 7 and 9, which according to the finds can preliminarily be dated to the 2nd-3rd centuries, this was a peripheral industrial part of the settlement. The structures were cut by channels belonging to the earliest excavated complexes, presumably from the 4th century, which were recorded at the southern necropolis site and associated with a residential phase, to which belong the remains of the foundations of a relatively large building whose position is believed to have been determined by the direction of a Roman road. The various goods excavated in Dalj group graves suggest the community's individual approach to sending off the deceased to the next world. Besides the general cremation rules and burying the mortal remains in an urn, other grave goods (attire and ceramic vessels) were selected according to age, sex, and also the social position of community members. The shapes of pottery from Dalj group graves excavated in 2010 suggest they date from the 8th and first half of the 7th century B.C., that is in the IIIa and IIIb pottery horizon according to C. Metzner-Nebelsick (2002: 172-175, Abb. 75). The most similar graves based on ceramography and attire have been unearthed in the so-far largest excavated Dalj group cemetery in Doroslov, Bačka (Trajković 2008). The 2010 archaeological excavations in Sotin again achieved excellent results in the Dalj group Early Iron Age cemetery, as well as on the horizontal and vertical stratigraphy of Cornacum. They also suggested the directions of planned future excavations in which the western border of the Iron Age cemetery and the size and infrastructure of the temporary military camp need to be defined, and further field surveys carried out with the aim of a more detailed defining of the rich horizontal layers of this extraordinary archaeological site on the Danube.
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DARDANIA IN LATE ANTIQUITY: AN OVERVIEW OF 4th-6th CENTURY FORTIFICATIONS IN THE TERRITORY OF KOSOVO ; DARDANIJA U KASNOJ ANTICI: PREGLED UTVRDA OD 4. DO 6. STOLJEĆA NA PODRUČJU KOSOVA
Late Antiquity, known as a transitory phase between Antiquity and the Middle Ages that encompasses the 4th-6th centuries, was characterized by major historical events that led not only to political and administrative changes, but also social, cultural and religious changes. This paper will elaborate the impact of these changes in the province of Dardania, of which the central territory corresponds to today's Kosovo, with a specific focus on the spread of Christianity and Christian architecture and changes in settlement patterns, as people moved from field settlements to hillforts. Moreover, it will present architectural features and the role of fortifications in Late Antiquity. ; Kasna antika, prijelazno razdoblje iz antike u srednji vijek, odnosno period od 4. do 6. stoljeća, obilježena je važnim povijesnim događanjima koja su rezultirala promjenama ne samo u političkom i administrativnom smislu, već i u društvenim, kulturnim i religijskim aspektima. Ovaj rad bavi se utjecajem tih promjena u provinciji Dardaniji, čije je središnje područje smješteno na današnjem Kosovu. Posebna pažnja bit će posvećena širenju kršćanstva i kršćanske arhitekture, promjenama u naseljima, te premještanjima stanovništva iz nizinskih naselja na gradine. U radu se donose i karakteristike arhitekture i uloga fortifikacija u kasnoj antici.
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