Suchergebnisse

Autorica u članku analizira demokratsku tranziciju i prvo desetljeće meksičke demokracije. Navodi da se demokratska tranzicija odvijala paralelno sa snažnim uzdizanjem narkobiznisa, što je uzrokovalo stvaranje izvanustavnih aktera – narkokartela. Situacija je najproblematičnija u šest meksičkih saveznih država u kojima narkokarteli uzrokuju manjkavosti u funkcioniranju većine parcijalnih režima ustavne demokracije. U zaključku je iznesen strah da bi se urušavanje demokracije moglo proširiti na ostale savezne države te da bi se Meksiko mogao pretvoriti u narkodemokraciju na cjelokupnom državnom teritoriju. ; In this paper, the author analyses the democratic transition and the first decade of the Mexican democracy. She points out that the democratic transition took place parallel with a huge expansion of the drug business, which caused the creation of extraconstitutional actors – drug cartels. The situation is particularly pressing in six Mexican federal states where the drug cartels cause deficiencies in the functioning of the majority of partial regimes of constitutional democracy. The conclusion raises fears that the collapse of democracy might extend to other federal states and that Mexico could turn into a narco-democracy in its entire national territory.

Tema diplomskog rada je politika SAD-a prema ilegalnim migrantima iz Latinske Amerike. Promatrano je razdoblje nakon Drugog svjetskog rata kada je krenuo masovni priljev emigranata iz Latinske Amerike u Sjedinjene Američke Države. Tada imigracijska politika prema ilegalnim imigrantima postaje jedna od prioritetnih politika Sjedinjenih Američkih Država. U promatranom razdoblju daje se prikaz imigracijske politike američkih predsjednika, počevši sa Zakonom o reformi i kontroli imigracije (Immigration Reform and Control Act-IRCA) predsjednika Ronalda Reagana (1981. - 1989.). Vrata ilegalnoj imigraciji iz Latinske Amerike pokušao je zatvoriti predsjednik Bill Clinton (1993. - 2001.) Zakonom o reformi ilegalne imigracije i imigrantskoj odgovornosti (Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration Responsibility Act-IIRIA), dok je namjere predsjednika Georgea W. Busha (2001. - 2009.) spriječio teroristički napad na Sjedinjene Američke Države 11.9.2001 godine. Njegov nasljednik predsjednik Barack Obama (2009. - 2017.) iskoristio je svoje predsjedničke ovlasti i autorizirao provođenje programa DACA (Deffered Action for Childhood Arrivals) i DAPA (Deffered Action for Parents of Americans) koji su pogodovali djeci ilegalnih imigranta, uz istovremeno provođenje brojnih uhićenja i deportacija ilegalnih imigranata. Rad završava prikazom dosadašnje politike predsjednika Donalda Trumpa koji ilegalne imigrante smatra prijetnjom nacionalnoj sigurnosti Sjedinjenih Američkih Država. ; The subject of the graduate thesis is policy of the USA towards illegal migrants from Latin America. Observed period is the period after World War II, starting with the mass flow of emigrants from the Latin America to the United States of America. This is the period when immigration policy of the United States towards illegal immigrants became one of the priorities of the United States. Presented are american president's immigration policies, beginning with the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) presented by the president Ronald Reagan (1981. – ...

Autorica daje prikaz demokratizacije Gvatemale tijekom trećeg vala te analizira promjene vlada, režima i sustava. Navodi da je početku promjene političkog sustava Gvatemale prethodila faza predautokratskih iskustava s demokracijom (1944-1954) te da je nesposobnost da okonča dugotrajni građanski rat bio jedan od ključnih razloga početka kraja autoritarnog sustava (1954-1985). Uslijedila je prolongirana tranzicija (1985-1999) koja se odvijala u četiri faze i koju je nadgledala vojska, preuzevši na taj način ulogu snažnog protudemokratskog aktera veta. U fazi konsolidacije (2000-2012) stabilizirala se defektna demokracija, u kojoj je civilni demokratski režim ne samo pod pokroviteljstvom vojske već ga ugrožavaju i kriminalne organizacije. Zaključuje da se u proteklih stotinjak godina politička situacija u Gvatemali i nije znatno poboljšala s obzirom na to da je ona od banana-države postala defektna i najnekvalitetnija demokracija Latinske Amerike. ; The author provides an outline of Guatemala's democratization during the Third Wave, and analyses turnovers of governments, regimes and systems. She argues that the beginning of the change of Guatemala's political system was preceded by a stage of pre-autocratic experiences with democracy (1944-1954), and that the inability to end the long-lasting civil war was one of the key reasons for the beginning of the end of the authoritarian system (1954-1985). What followed was a prolonged transition (1985-1999) that proceeded in four stages and was supervised by the army which, in this way, assumed the role of a strong antidemocratic veto player. In the stage of consolidation (2000-2012) a defective democracy has been stabilized, in which the civilian democratic regime is not only under the patronage of the army, but is also threatened by criminal organizations. The author concludes that during the last hundred years or so the political situation in Guatemala has not improved significantly, since it has turned from a banana republic into a defective and the most substandard democracy in Latin America.

The author outlines the development of democracy in Latin America & considers the political trends & the period of development of Venezuela in the second half of the 20th century. Unlike other states in the region, in which undemocratic regimes still prevails, Venezuela has been a democratic state since 1958. In regards to the fact that its democratic development has latter been following the trend in the region, the author considers the case of Venezuela as a sign-post of the political trends in Latin America. As Hugo Chavez has recently been trying to change the representative democracy to a plebiscite democracy, the author comes to the conclusion that the case of Venezuela is a mark of the future political development of Latin America. These changes can be seen as a potential come back of a softer version of authoritarianism. 27 References. Adapted from the source document.

The inauguration of a half-Indian, Alejandro Toledo, as the Peruvian president attracted international attention & renewed interest in the indigenous peoples in Latin America. That day (29 July 2001), presidents of the member-countries of the Andes community adopted the Machu Picchu Declaration on democracy, the rights of indigenous peoples, & the war on poverty. Regarding the rights of indigenous peoples, the member-countries of the Andes community plan to incorporate native Indians into their countries of residence, but at the same time preserve their identity. Within the AC, there are three groups of countries, depending on the size of their Indian population, &, consequently, the size of the territories on which the native Indian culture has a big chance of survival: Peru & Bolivia in which indigenous Indians make up 45%-55% of the total population; Ecuador with 25%; & Venezuela & Columbia with 1%-2%. 1 Appendix, 25 References. Adapted from the source document.

The inauguration of a half-Indian, Alejandro Toledo, as the Peruvian president attracted international attention & renewed interest in the indigenous peoples in Latin America. That day (29 July 2001), presidents of the member-countries of the Andes community adopted the Machu Picchu Declaration on democracy, the rights of indigenous peoples, & the war on poverty. Regarding the rights of indigenous peoples, the member-countries of the Andes community plan to incorporate native Indians into their countries of residence, but at the same time preserve their identity. Within the AC, there are three groups of countries, depending on the size of their Indian population, &, consequently, the size of the territories on which the native Indian culture has a big chance of survival: Peru & Bolivia in which indigenous Indians make up 45%-55% of the total population; Ecuador with 25%; & Venezuela & Columbia with 1%-2%. 1 Appendix, 25 References. Adapted from the source document.