Suchergebnisse

In this article, Hendrych raises the question of continuity and legal disruption in a country seeking state identity. This particular issue has arisen on several occasions in the Czech and Slovak context: in the context of the creation of the Czechoslovak Republic in 1918, during World War II, and above all during the separation of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic in 1992. It first analyses the concepts of continuity and legal disruption as such, and then looks at the continuity of Czechoslovak constitutional developments between 1918 and 1989, and after 1989. By taking Czechoslovak and Czech State identity as an example, it shows that the transition from one State system to another respected the principle of legal continuity, in the interests of legal clarity. However, compliance with the principle of legal continuity was not complete. Indeed, continuity has always inherently brought about a change in case law in line with the values of the new system. These values were democratic and tended towards justice and respect for human rights. One exception, however: the change in the case-law of the Czechoslovak Republic after February 1948, which is the victory of the opposite trend. The author would like to remind the supporters of formal legality, who make it the only criterion of a rule of law. ; International audience ; In this article, Hendrych raises the question of continuity and legal disruption in a country seeking state identity. This particular issue has arisen on several occasions in the Czech and Slovak context: in the context of the creation of the Czechoslovak Republic in 1918, during World War II, and above all during the separation of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic in 1992. It first analyses the concepts of continuity and legal disruption as such, and then looks at the continuity of Czechoslovak constitutional developments between 1918 and 1989, and after 1989. By taking Czechoslovak and Czech State identity as an example, it shows that the transition from one State system to another ...

The relation between currency and trade, and the impact that the exchange rate can have on International Trade Law enables heated arguments. The Havana Charter calls for the non-use of the devaluation of the exchange rate as commercial weapon. GATT has, among its articles, those addressing issues regarding exchange rates. However, this topic raises controversies, especially concerning the applicability of the WTO agreements as a commercial remedy against currencies' anticompetitive devaluation. On the other hand, the IMF, an institution created under the Bretton Woods Agreement, is the competent body to deal with international financial issues and its article IV rules on its duty to monitor its Member States exchange rate policies, in order to avoid obtaining anti-competitive advantages among their means of trade. The two organizations working jointly in an orderly manner to accomplish their objectives of an overall world economic growth and it is from this perception that harmonization between WTO's legal guidance and IMF's directives must be implemented. And as such, the prime goal for global governance for the benefit of all shall become a reality. ; La relation entre la monnaie et le commerce, et l'impact que le taux de change peut avoir sur le droit du commerce international suscitent de vives discussions. la charte de la havane préconisait la non-utilisation de la dévaluation du taux de change comme une arme commerciale. le gatt contient des articles qui s'adressent aux questions de change. cependant, la thématique suscite des polémiques concernant notamment l'applicabilité des accords de l'omc comme un remède commercial contre la dévaluation anti-compétitive de la monnaie. d'un autre côté, le fmi, institution créée dans le cadre de l'accord de bretton woods, est l'organe compétent pour traiter les questions internationales d'ordre financier, et l'article iv de son statut concerne en particulier son devoir de surveillance des politiques de change de ses états-membres, afin d'éviter l'obtention d'avantages ...

The relation between currency and trade, and the impact that the exchange rate can have on International Trade Law enables heated arguments. The Havana Charter calls for the non-use of the devaluation of the exchange rate as commercial weapon. GATT has, among its articles, those addressing issues regarding exchange rates. However, this topic raises controversies, especially concerning the applicability of the WTO agreements as a commercial remedy against currencies' anticompetitive devaluation. On the other hand, the IMF, an institution created under the Bretton Woods Agreement, is the competent body to deal with international financial issues and its article IV rules on its duty to monitor its Member States exchange rate policies, in order to avoid obtaining anti-competitive advantages among their means of trade. The two organizations working jointly in an orderly manner to accomplish their objectives of an overall world economic growth and it is from this perception that harmonization between WTO's legal guidance and IMF's directives must be implemented. And as such, the prime goal for global governance for the benefit of all shall become a reality. ; La relation entre la monnaie et le commerce, et l'impact que le taux de change peut avoir sur le droit du commerce international suscitent de vives discussions. la charte de la havane préconisait la non-utilisation de la dévaluation du taux de change comme une arme commerciale. le gatt contient des articles qui s'adressent aux questions de change. cependant, la thématique suscite des polémiques concernant notamment l'applicabilité des accords de l'omc comme un remède commercial contre la dévaluation anti-compétitive de la monnaie. d'un autre côté, le fmi, institution créée dans le cadre de l'accord de bretton woods, est l'organe compétent pour traiter les questions internationales d'ordre financier, et l'article iv de son statut concerne en particulier son devoir de surveillance des politiques de change de ses états-membres, afin d'éviter l'obtention d'avantages ...

The relation between currency and trade, and the impact that the exchange rate can have on International Trade Law enables heated arguments. The Havana Charter calls for the non-use of the devaluation of the exchange rate as commercial weapon. GATT has, among its articles, those addressing issues regarding exchange rates. However, this topic raises controversies, especially concerning the applicability of the WTO agreements as a commercial remedy against currencies' anticompetitive devaluation. On the other hand, the IMF, an institution created under the Bretton Woods Agreement, is the competent body to deal with international financial issues and its article IV rules on its duty to monitor its Member States exchange rate policies, in order to avoid obtaining anti-competitive advantages among their means of trade. The two organizations working jointly in an orderly manner to accomplish their objectives of an overall world economic growth and it is from this perception that harmonization between WTO's legal guidance and IMF's directives must be implemented. And as such, the prime goal for global governance for the benefit of all shall become a reality. ; La relation entre la monnaie et le commerce, et l'impact que le taux de change peut avoir sur le droit du commerce international suscitent de vives discussions. la charte de la havane préconisait la non-utilisation de la dévaluation du taux de change comme une arme commerciale. le gatt contient des articles qui s'adressent aux questions de change. cependant, la thématique suscite des polémiques concernant notamment l'applicabilité des accords de l'omc comme un remède commercial contre la dévaluation anti-compétitive de la monnaie. d'un autre côté, le fmi, institution créée dans le cadre de l'accord de bretton woods, est l'organe compétent pour traiter les questions internationales d'ordre financier, et l'article iv de son statut concerne en particulier son devoir de surveillance des politiques de change de ses états-membres, afin d'éviter l'obtention d'avantages anti-compétitifs par des moyens de change. les deux organisations sont censées travailler de manière conjointe pour accomplir les objectifs de la croissance économique globale, et c'est dans cette conception que l'harmonisation entre le droit de l'omc et les directives du fmi doit être mise en place, pour que l'objectif primordial d'atteindre la gouvernance globale pour le bien de tous devienne une réalité.

1. A view of French legal lexicography : tradition and change from a doctrinal genre to the modern era / Pierre-Nicolas Barenot -- 2. The early modern English law lexicon / Ian Lancashire and Janet Damianopoulos -- 3. Legal lexicography : a view from the front lines / Bryan A. Garner -- 4. The challenges of compiling a legal dictionary / Daniel Greenberg -- 5. Bilingual legal dictionaries : comparison without precision? / Coen J.P. van Laer -- 6. Pour des dictionnaires juridiques multilingues du citoyen de l'Union europeenne / Pierre Lerat -- 7. Principes terminologiques pour la constitution d'une base de donnees pour la traduction juridique / Thierry Grass -- 8. Translation and the law dictionary / Marta Chroma -- 9. Multinational legal terminology in a paper dictionary? / Peter Sandrini -- 10. Database of legal terms for communicative and knowledge information tools / Sandro Nielsen -- 11. Defining ordinary words for mundane objects : legal lexicography, ordinary language, and the word vehicle / Christopher Hutton -- 12. Establishing meaning in a bilingual and bijural context : dictionary use at the Supreme Court of Canada / Mathieu Devinat -- 13. La phraseologie chez des jurilexicographes : les exemples linguistiques dans la deuxieme edition du dictionnaire de droit prive et lexiques bilingues / Patrick Forget -- 14. Inconsistencies in the sources and use of Irish legal terminology / Malachy O'Rourke -- 15. The struggle for civic space between a minority legal language and a dominant legal language : the case of Maori and English / Memari Stephens and Mary Boyce.

This article reviews several issues related to the Swiss tax framework in the field of philanthropy, primarily focusing on the direct taxes. It describes the philanthropy-related tax incentives in Switzerland, summarizes their main criticism and presents the ongoing proposals for legislative changes in this respect.

Almost a decade has passed since the outbreak of the economic crisis; from its original nucleus, its effects have quickly affected the social and geopolitical fields. Such wide impact and its complex implications make the crisis an object susceptible of multiple readings. The particular aim of the studies collected in this volume is to explore the impact of the crisis on law, culture and society, in order to test the depth of the problem, by comparing the analytical perspectives obtainable from legal and human sciences. The book focuses on three main issues: the crisis as a social object, in order to consider the crisis in terms of its attributing force; the problem of democracy, which is becoming an increasingly central question now, as the changes imposed by the crisis have begun to settle down; the interdisciplinary challenge that, in time of crisis, questions paradigms of knowledge, competences and methods, in order to enable an heuristic dialogue between human, social and legal sciences. ; Introduction / Massimo Meccarelli (pp. 9-12). -- The Crisis as a Social Object : -- Narrating the Crisis: Fictions of Finance in Contemporary British Novels / Silvana Colella (pp. 15-37). -- Social Rights in Crisis: Any Role for the Court of Justice of the EU? / Francesco Costamagna (pp. 39-64). -- Ripensare la nazione ottocentesca. Vecchi e nuovi paradigmi tra storia, diritto e globalità / Eliana Augusti (pp. 65-97). -- Ma cos'è questa crisi? / Carla Canullo (pp. 99-113). -- The Problem of Democracy : -- Defending Collective Sociality: The Oresteia at Shakespeare's Globe / Louise Owen (pp. 117-131). -- Representation of the Crisis vs Representative Democracy in Italy / Roberta Calvano (pp. 133-148). -- The Unbearable Lightness of the Freedom of Movement: An Analysis of the Relationship Between Brexit and Inmigration / Lucia Barbone, Erik Longo (pp.149-174). -- Représentation, perception de la crise et modification de la «sécurité sociale». Entre prédiction et anticipation, que signifie agir das un monde incertain? / Jean-Philipe Pierron (pp. 175-188). -- The Interdisciplinary Challenge : -- Intercultural Categories of Thought in Times of Crisis: The Challenge of Inter/Multi-discipinary Research / Flavia Stara (pp. 191-198). -- An Interdisciplinary Approach to International Law? Some Cursory Remarks / Paolo Palchetti (pp. 199-208). -- Rights in Times of Crisis: An Interdisciplinary Issue for Legal Studies / Massimo Meccarelli (pp. 209-219). -- Contributors (pp. 221-224).

The persons affected by mental disorders and illnesses, as persons given the legal personality, have rights. The mental illnesses and the intellectual deficiencies having incidences on the perception of the reality, the consciousness and/or the intellectual abilities of the person, entail inevitably consequences on the capacity to will or to decide. Taking this acknowledgement into consideration, the legislator has set up rules providing the protection of the person and of his goods, while respecting the person's autonomy. There are also legal provisions facilitating the autonomy of the disabled persons. Moreover, the change in judgment of the person has consequences on the person's civil and penal liability. Furthermore, as vulnerable person, the person affected by mental disorders and illnesses needs protection. In accordance with the principle of the respect of dignity, laws and regulations guarantee a specific protection of the body and of the person. Laws and regulations also cover the hospitalization under constraint required by the care of mental disorders. ; Les personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux, en tant que personnes dotées de la personnalité juridique, sont titulaires de droit. Les maladies mentales et déficiences intellectuelles ayant des incidences sur la perception de la réalité, la conscience et/ou les capacités intellectuelles de la personne, entraînent inévitablement des conséquences sur la capacité de vouloir ou de décider. Répondant à ce constat, le législateur a mis en place des mesures assurant la protection de la personne et de ses biens, tout en veillant à respecter son autonomie. Il existe également des dispositions favorisant l'autonomie des personnes handicapées mentales. En outre, l'altération du discernement de la personne a des répercussions sur les mécanismes de la responsabilité civile et pénale. Par ailleurs, en tant que personne vulnérable, la personne atteinte de troubles mentaux a besoin de protection. Au nom du principe du respect de la dignité, le Droit assure une ...

The persons affected by mental disorders and illnesses, as persons given the legal personality, have rights. The mental illnesses and the intellectual deficiencies having incidences on the perception of the reality, the consciousness and/or the intellectual abilities of the person, entail inevitably consequences on the capacity to will or to decide. Taking this acknowledgement into consideration, the legislator has set up rules providing the protection of the person and of his goods, while respecting the person's autonomy. There are also legal provisions facilitating the autonomy of the disabled persons. Moreover, the change in judgment of the person has consequences on the person's civil and penal liability. Furthermore, as vulnerable person, the person affected by mental disorders and illnesses needs protection. In accordance with the principle of the respect of dignity, laws and regulations guarantee a specific protection of the body and of the person. Laws and regulations also cover the hospitalization under constraint required by the care of mental disorders. ; Les personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux, en tant que personnes dotées de la personnalité juridique, sont titulaires de droit. Les maladies mentales et déficiences intellectuelles ayant des incidences sur la perception de la réalité, la conscience et/ou les capacités intellectuelles de la personne, entraînent inévitablement des conséquences sur la capacité de vouloir ou de décider. Répondant à ce constat, le législateur a mis en place des mesures assurant la protection de la personne et de ses biens, tout en veillant à respecter son autonomie. Il existe également des dispositions favorisant l'autonomie des personnes handicapées mentales. En outre, l'altération du discernement de la personne a des répercussions sur les mécanismes de la responsabilité civile et pénale. Par ailleurs, en tant que personne vulnérable, la personne atteinte de troubles mentaux a besoin de protection. Au nom du principe du respect de la dignité, le Droit assure une ...

The persons affected by mental disorders and illnesses, as persons given the legal personality, have rights. The mental illnesses and the intellectual deficiencies having incidences on the perception of the reality, the consciousness and/or the intellectual abilities of the person, entail inevitably consequences on the capacity to will or to decide. Taking this acknowledgement into consideration, the legislator has set up rules providing the protection of the person and of his goods, while respecting the person's autonomy. There are also legal provisions facilitating the autonomy of the disabled persons. Moreover, the change in judgment of the person has consequences on the person's civil and penal liability. Furthermore, as vulnerable person, the person affected by mental disorders and illnesses needs protection. In accordance with the principle of the respect of dignity, laws and regulations guarantee a specific protection of the body and of the person. Laws and regulations also cover the hospitalization under constraint required by the care of mental disorders. ; Les personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux, en tant que personnes dotées de la personnalité juridique, sont titulaires de droit. Les maladies mentales et déficiences intellectuelles ayant des incidences sur la perception de la réalité, la conscience et/ou les capacités intellectuelles de la personne, entraînent inévitablement des conséquences sur la capacité de vouloir ou de décider. Répondant à ce constat, le législateur a mis en place des mesures assurant la protection de la personne et de ses biens, tout en veillant à respecter son autonomie. Il existe également des dispositions favorisant l'autonomie des personnes handicapées mentales. En outre, l'altération du discernement de la personne a des répercussions sur les mécanismes de la responsabilité civile et pénale. Par ailleurs, en tant que personne vulnérable, la personne atteinte de troubles mentaux a besoin de protection. Au nom du principe du respect de la dignité, le Droit assure une ...

This book presents edited and revised versions of 31 papers selected from those presented at a major conference on 'History and forest resources', held in Florence, Italy, in 1998. It also includes an introduction by the first editor. The book is a companion volume to 'Methods and approaches in forest history' (IUFRO Research Series No. 3), which is also based on papers from the conference, and published by CABI Publishing in association with IUFRO. The conference was organized by the Italian Academy of Forestry Science and IUFRO Working Group S6.07.02 on Forest History. As a whole the papers present details of the interrelationships between forest ecosystems and socioeconomic development (including early forest industry development) from 13 countries. The main economic and social factors, techniques and local practices, as well as legal, political, environmental and ecological aspects related to forest changes are discussed, according to the latest achievements in forest history research.