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Reformers had high hopes that the end of communism in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union would lead to significant improvements in legal institutions and the role of law in public administration. However, the cumulative experience of 25 years of legal change since communism has been mixed, marked by achievements and failures, advances and moves backward. This book – written by a team of socio-legal scholars – probes the nuances of this process and starts the process to explain them. It covers developments across the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, and it deals with both legal institutions (courts and police) and accountability to law in public administration, including anti-corruption activities. In explaining their findings, the authors probe the impact of such factors as the type of political regime (democratic to authoritarian), international influences (such as the European Union), and culture (legal and political).

Our goal is to extend the research on the political importance of social networks by investigating the role of networks in shaping citizen responses to changes in the law. We emphasize the development of special-purpose social networks to cope with changing legal requirements & analyze these networks from a problem-solving perspective. The empirical focus of the work is taxpayers' adaptation to the 1986 Tax Reform Act. The results from a panel survey of 475 taxpayers demonstrate that specialized, weak-tie networks play a critical role in shaping responses to legal change. More important problems (ie, tax increases) stimulate search among broader networks. Broader networks, in turn, lead to greater knowledge about the 1986 Tax Reform Act. Both taxpayer attitudes & motivation bias network search: taxpayers seek like-minded discussants, & bigger tax increases lead to more noncompliant weak-tie discussants. Finally, the attitudes of weak-tie discussants produce changes in taxpayers' attitudes about compliance, confirming the important role of networks in shaping compliance behavior. 5 Tables, 1 Appendix, 38 References. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractThe rise of the sharing economy is transforming the way we produce and consume goods and services. This transformation requires a revision of current legal rules concerning sectors where the sharing economy is emerging. Taking the regulation of the taxi industry as a main example, this article analyses why those rules ought to be reviewed, the obstacles law makers have to face in order to perform such a task, and the regulatory strategies they could use for that purpose. The paper considers a variety of regulatory approaches including regulatory impact assessment, legal variation, the coexistence of different legal regimes, experimental legislation and compensation.

Intro -- Table of Contents -- Legal Change in Post-Communist States: Contradictions and Explanations: Peter H. Solomon Jr., Kaja Gadowska -- I. Legal Institutions -- Stemming the Tide of Illiberalism? Legal Mobilization and Adversarial Legalism in Central and Eastern Europe: Mihaela Şerban -- The Fragility of an Independent Judiciary: Lessons from Hungary and Poland-and the European Union: Kriszta Kovács, Kim Lane Scheppele -- Authoritarian Constitutionalism in Putin's Russia: A Pragmatic Constitutional Court in a Dual State: Alexei Trochev, Peter H. Solomon Jr. -- The Evolution of Policing in Post-Soviet Russia: Paternalism versus Service in Police Officers' Understanding of their Role: Olga Semukhina -- II. Legal Accountability inPublic Administration -- Prosecuting High Level Corruption in Eastern Europe: Maria Popova, Vincent Post -- When Civil Engagement is Part of the Problem: Flawed Anti-Corruptionism in Russia and Ukraine: Marina Zaloznaya, William M. Reisinger, Vicki Hesli Claypool -- Constitutional Values and Civil Servant Recruitment: The Principles for Filling Revenue Service Positions in Poland: Kaja Gadowska -- Obtaining Redress for Abuse of Office in Russia: The Soviet Legacy and the Long Road to Administrative Justice: Elena Bogdanova.