Suchergebnisse

The article considers the current state of education in Ukraine, outlines trends and prospects for its development in terms of modernization and integration into the European educational space. The legal aspects of the state policy in the field of education are analyzed, taking into account the provisions of the doctrine, updated provisions of the legislation and development strategies. Legislative projections of the implementation of the reform of the education system in Ukraine in the context of trends in updating the legislation in the field of education, in particular the adopted new laws "On Higher Education" and "On Education" are highlighted. At the same time, the authors focus on legislative initiatives to reform higher legal education, analyze the problems that exist in this area, approaches to their solution, in particular in the context of international standards, constitutional guarantees and provisions of national legislation. An analysis of the draft laws "On Legal (Legal) Education and General Access to the Legal Profession" (№ № 7147, 7147-1) and the draft Concept of Legal Education Development, published on the website of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Education, Science and Innovation. The conclusion is made about. that the quality of higher legal education in Ukraine can be radically changed only through the consistent, purposeful implementation of an innovative model of education, through the practical implementation of standards and reform of legal education in Ukraine. Measures aimed at improving higher legal education are outlined, including: reducing the excessive number of higher education institutions that train lawyers; strengthening the practical training of graduates; paying attention to in-depth study of foreign languages; promoting internships for higher legal education in public authorities, courts, notaries, prosecutors, lawyers and other legal entities; high-quality training of scientific and pedagogical staff, which would cover not only a high level of competence, but also the will to innovate, the use of modern methods of education, multimedia, the desire to improve themselves. ; У статті розглянуто сучасний стан освіти в Україні, окреслено тенденції та перспективи її розвитку в умовах модернізації та інтеграції в європейський освітній простір. Проаналізовано правові аспекти державної політики у сфері освіти з урахуванням положень доктрини, оновлених положень законодавства та стратегій розвитку. Висвітлено законодавчі проєкції реалізації реформи системи освіти в Україні в контексті тенденцій оновлення законодавства у сфері освіти, зокрема ухвалених нових законів «Про вищу освіту» та «Про освіту». Водночас автори зосереджують увагу на законодавчих ініціативах реформування вищої юридичної освіти, аналізують проблеми в цій сфері, підходи щодо їх вирішення, зокрема в контексті міжнародних стандартів, конституційних гарантій та положень національного законодавства. Проведено аналіз законопроєктів «Про юридичну (правничу) освіту і загальний доступ до правничої професії» (реєстр. № № 7147, 7147-1) та проєкту Концепції розвитку юридичної освіти, оприлюдненого на сайті Комітету Верховної Ради з питань освіти, науки та інновацій. Зроблено висновок про те, що докорінно змінити якість вищої юридичної освіти в Україні можна лише шляхом послідовного, цілеспрямованого впровадження інноваційної моделі освіти, через практичну реалізацію стандартів і реформування юридичної освіти в Україні. Окреслено заходи, спрямовані на поліпшення вищої юридичної освіти, серед яких: зменшення надмірної кількість закладів вищої освіти, що готують правників; посилення практичної підготовки випускників; приділення уваги поглибленому вивченню іноземних мов; сприяння проходженню здобувачами вищої юридичної освіти стажування в органах державної влади, судах, в органах нотаріату, прокуратури, адвокатури й інших юридичних особах; якісна підготовка науково-педагогічних кадрів, що охоплювала б не тільки високий рівень компетентності, а й волю до інноваційної діяльності, використання сучасних методів освіти, мультимедійних засобів, бажання самовдосконалюватися.

The subject. The concept and elements of the economic basis of local self-government are discussed in the paper in the context of different laws on local self-government.The purpose of the paper is to identify the main ways of increasing the economic basis of municipalities.The methodology of paper includes the formal logical interpretation of Russian legislation and systematization of the court practice that concerns economical issues of local self-government as well as analysis and synthesis of statistics data of the Ministry of Justice of Rus-sia and the Ministry of Finance of Russia.The main results and scope of their application. The features of municipal property and local budgets are consistently considered. The property base of the municipality should be analyzed through the scope of it's adequacy for the implementation of the relevant functions, including for the performance of public obligations. The profile of municipal assets and their purpose should play the minor role. The instruments of property management used by local governments (like attracting private investment) are also important. The sources of revenues and expenditures of the local budget are important not as themselves in absolute terms, but in the context of the ratio with the volume of competency that is assigned to local governments. The improvement of control and supervisory activities is a resource for improving the economic basis of local self-government. The proposed qualitative analysis the economic basis of local self-government may inspire new researches in the field of municipal law.Conclusions. The formation of the economic basis of local self-government is a complex complex process, closely related to the legal, territorial, organizational and competence bases of local self-government and it is determined by legislation and law enforcement practice. ; Понятие и элементы экономической основы местного самоуправления анализиру-ются в контексте разных законов о местном самоуправлении. Исследуется также пра-воприменительная практика, статистическая информация Минюста России и Мин-фина России. Обосновывается вывод о том, что источники доходов и расходов мест-ного бюджета важны не сами по себе в абсолютной величине, но в контексте соотно-шения с тем объемом полномочий, который возложен на органы местного самоуправ-ления. Отмечается, что совершенствование контрольно-надзорной деятельности яв-ляется важным ресурсом для улучшения экономической основы местного самоуправ-ления.

Problem setting. When the defining word «legal» is added to the concept of «nihilism», new meanings arise, which requires checking how correctly this phrase is used in legal sciences. To preserve statehood, it is important to understand the essence and genesis of legal nihilism.
Recent research and publications analysis. Despite the presence of attention to this important problem, both in the domestic and foreign literature devoted to the problems of law, there is still enough uncertainty in understanding the essence and causes of legal nihilism, which requires clarification and correction.
Paper objective. It is necessary to clarify the meaning of the concept of «legal nihilism» by comparing this phenomenon with various forms of manifestation and thereby concretize its essence and origins. This will allow, in turn, determining the possibilities of overcoming it.
Paper main body. The article actualizes the problem of the conceptual apparatus of legal sciences, which is associated with the vagueness and ambiguity of some concepts, including the concepts of «natural law» and «law». Ambiguity of the concept of law both as a goal and as a tool can become a source of legal conflicts. By clarifying this concept, it is possible to come to a deeper understanding of the concept of «legal nihilism», which is important for the field of law. The analysis of types of legal nihilism leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to distinguish between natural law and law, recognizing the primary role of human rights and the instrumental role of law.
Two non-mutually exclusive opportunities to avoid nihilism associated with the education of citizens of legal consciousness are considered. The first is related to the education of respect for universal human values and their acceptance. Submission to the moral law, in theory, should prevent the violation of legal boundaries in the action of the subject. In the second case, this is a pragmatic way of bringing to the attention of citizens information about the inevitability of punishment. As a result, the conviction is formed that it is more profitable to comply with laws than not to comply, especially since being in the legal field ensures stability and security.
The presence of prerequisites for the effective implementation of these opportunities in the modern world is analyzed. At the same time, modern realities were taken into account, for example, such as the processes of globalization and the factor of postmodernism.
Conclusions of the research. The reason for legal nihilism is violations in the development and application of legislative acts associated with a complex crisis affecting the social, economic, political and legal spheres. All calls for the education of legal consciousness will be declarative in nature without eliminating the objective reasons leading to its distortion.

The proposed theme is topical from the perspective of state and public security as well as the perspectives of the law enforcement institutions tasks in regard to the Schengen Area. Tasks of law enforcement institutions should be based on harmonized international legislation as well as the Latvian and the European Union legislation. Taking into account the socio–economic development level, the small size and quantity of the population in the Republic of Latvia, law enforcement institutions can not afford to tolerate any mistakes in the control of migration process. Such mistakes are not permissible since in 2012 Latvian law enforcement institutions will have to prove the Schengen evaluation committee the ability to implement the Schengen acquis requirements on free movement of persons. The research was done during 2007 and 2012. The research emphasizes the fact that further strengthening of the status of Latvia in the European Union and the Schengen Area is possible upon the improvement of legislation, harmonization of basic concepts in legislation and terminology, standardization of the practice of law according to uniform internationally accepted principles in the context of internal and external borders legislation.

AbstractWhen the U.S. Supreme Court decides to exercise judicial review on a law passed by a democratically elected institution, it can have a profound and critical impact on public policy. Furthermore, recent research shows that the Court more frequently declares state statutes unconstitutional than federal statutes. However, only a limited number of studies have extensively explored this political phenomenon. One aspect of a state that has not been considered in connection with the Supreme Court's use of judicial review over state legislation is the electoral environment in which the laws are produced. We argue that because electoral competition affects the legislative output from a state, it could also influence the likelihood that a state has a statute invalidated by the U.S. Supreme Court. When examining all states between 1971 and 2010, we find evidence in support of our theoretical expectation. Specifically, we find that an increase in electoral competition corresponds to an increased likelihood that a state has a statute invalidated by the Supreme Court. This finding contributes to our understanding of the Supreme Court's use of judicial review, and it also suggests that electoral pressure can incentivize states to craft unconstitutional public policy.

The article reveals the mechanism of the right termination of proprietary relations in consequence of the adoption of the act of nationalization of property . The author makes attempt to solve the problem of civil protection of the right of ownership of the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine from illegal encroachments on the part of the relevant local government area. The analysis of the civil legislation of the Russian Federation on the issues is investigated. It is proved that in matters of protection of the property rights it is advisable to use the legal means by the principle of «reverse procedural activity». Its meaning is to use the mechanism of protection of the rights provided for by the national legislation of the Russian Federation, along with the laws of Ukraine.

In comparison to white students, the study of Black student attitudes toward crime reporting on college campuses is deficient, especially in historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). Using approximately 100 completed student questionnaires, statistical results suggest that the majority of students express a willingness to report a campus-related crime to campus police. The highest reported explanation for refusing to report a crime is based upon the prospect of being labeled in a negative manner. The highest reported explanation for reporting a crime is based upon the receipt of a financial reward and anonymity. Bivariate calculations indicate that age, gender, and residential status are significantly associated with crime reporting decisions. Policy implications, areas of further research, and limitations are provided.

The article considers legal guarantees as an important element of the legal status of employees elected to elected positions. for improper performance of duties, legal guarantees of realization of rights. The specificity of their legal status is that it is governed not only by general legislation but also special. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the legal status of the elected body of the primary trade union organization, which are related to the fact that the latter act not only as bodies of the public organization, but also as representatives of the labor collective. One of the main elements of the legal status of employees elected to elected positions is legal guarantees that contribute to the stability of labor relations, encourage employees to actively participate in socio-political and creative activities, to continuous training, participation in production management and represent that aspect of legal the state responsible for the fullest satisfaction of the legitimate interests of workers. It is noted that these guarantees are enshrined in the relevant documents at the legislative level, in particular in the Labor Code and special legislation governing the activities of elected officials, for example, in the Laws "On People's Deputies of Ukraine", "On the status of local council deputies", "On trade unions, their rights and guarantees of activity", etc. Their presence, on the one hand, contributes to the quality and effective performance of their job function by employees, and on the other hand, ensures the appropriate level of legality and compliance with the provisions of applicable regulations. They provide the employee with a real opportunity to enjoy a certain social good, which is enshrined in law, to exercise their rights without hindrance. ; У статті розглянуто юридичні гарантії як важливий елемент правового статусу працівників, обраних на виборні посади Зазначено, що працівники, обрані на виборні посади наділені особливим правовим статусом, який доцільно розглядати за такими основними елементами, як правосуб'єктність, права й обов'язки, відповідальність за неналежне виконання обов'язків, юридичні гарантії реалізації прав. Специфічність їх правового статусу полягає в тому, що він регулюється не тільки загальним законодавством, а й спеціальним. Звернено увагу, на особливості правового статусу виборного органу первинної профспілкової організації, які пов'язані з тим, що останні виступають не тільки як органи громадської організації, а й як представники трудового колективу. Одним із основних елементів правового статусу працівників, обраних на виборні посади названо юридичні гарантії, які сприяють встановленню стабільності трудових відносин, стимулюють працівників до активної участі в суспільно політичній і творчій діяльності, до постійного підвищення кваліфікації, участі в управлінні виробництвом та являють собою той аспект правової держави, що відповідає за найбільш повне задоволення законних інтересів працівників. Зазначено, що ці гарантії знайшли своє закріплення у відповідних документах на законодавчому рівні, зокрема у Кодексі законів про працю та в спеціальному законодавстві, яке регулює діяльність виборних працівників, наприклад, у Законах «Про народного депутата України», «Про статус депутатів місцевих рад», «Про професійні спілки, їх права та гарантії діяльності» та ін. Їх наявність, з одного боку, сприяє якісному й ефективному виконанню працівниками своєї трудової функції, і з іншого, забезпечує належний рівень законності та дотримання положень чинних нормативно-правових актів. Вони забезпечують працівникові реальну можливість користуватися певним соціальним благом, яке закріплено законодавством, безперешкодно реалізувати свої права.

Within the EU4ALL project (www.eu4all-project.eu) extensive research has been undertaken to detect the impact of legal and political frameworks on the accessibility of lifelong learning (ALL), with a clear focus on higher education in this initial phase. The introduction of appropriate technologies in educational institutions is accompanied and shaped by legal and political concepts, measures and programmes capable of reducing or strengthening existing barriers to the participation in lifelong learning (LLL) for all. International declarations have been analysed as well as European legal and political frameworks relevant for accessible lifelong learning accompanied by research on national level in a sample of EU member states and Australia, Canada and the USA. Main areas of investigation are equality, nondiscrimination and equal opportunities as well as academic laws and corresponding policies and strategies in favour of disabled students at institutional level.

Within the EU4ALL project (www.eu4all-project.eu) extensive research has been undertaken to detect the impact of legal and political frameworks on the accessibility of lifelong learning (ALL), with a clear focus on higher education in this initial phase. The introduction of appropriate technologies in educational institutions is accompanied and shaped by legal and political concepts, measures and programmes capable of reducing or strengthening existing barriers to the participation in lifelong learning (LLL) for all. International declarations have been analysed as well as European legal and political frameworks relevant for accessible lifelong learning accompanied by research on national level in a sample of EU member states and Australia, Canada and the USA. Main areas of investigation are equality, nondiscrimination and equal opportunities as well as academic laws and corresponding policies and strategies in favour of disabled students at institutional level.

Purpose of Study: This research examines the possibility of state-owned enterprises being nailed in the legal system in Indonesia. According to the bankruptcy regulation in Indonesia, those who are unable to pay debts can be declared bankrupt by the creditors, including SOEs. However, other regulations state that the government's assets (including those within SOEs) cannot be confiscated, including within bankruptcy confiscation. Methodology: The research method used in this study is qualitative research using the type of doctrinal law research. The approach used is to use the statutory approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. Data from this study were obtained from commercial courts in Jakarta and Surabaya. Main Findings: This study found that there was a desynchronization of the regulations regarding the SOEs' bankruptcy, i.e., between the Bankruptcy Law and the other laws, and even points within the Bankruptcy Law itself. The example that can be taken in this study is PT Kertas Leces /Limited Liability Company (LLC) Kertas Leces) that had already gone bankrupt and experienced confiscation of its bankrupt assets. Implications: The ideal bankruptcy model for SOEs is that the bankruptcy applicants for SOEs in the form of public companies or state-owned companies should be the Minister of Finance. The Ministry of Finance is responsible for the operational policies and supervision of SOEs, amounting to approximately 115 companies in the form of public companies or state-owned companies, including those that have already gone public and those which have not. Novelty: Previous studies have only focused on the assets of state-owned enterprises that have been separated and therefore bankrupt. This study examines another matter, namely that not all state-owned enterprises can be declared bankrupt and found one state-owned bankruptcy.