Suchergebnisse

While crime victim assistance policy became part of the law of many countries at the end of the last century, it has permeated the international order as well. To finance this policy, the United Nations (UN) has set up several funds for victims of varied human rights violations. The International Criminal Court (ICC) itself created a financing – and implementing – tool for administering reparations it orders : its Trust Fund for Victims (TVF), that aims at guaranteeing the effectiveness of restorative justice, is a pioneering initiative in the field of international criminal justice. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the effectiveness of these mechanisms as victim aid instruments by investigating the causes of their efficiency or ineffectiveness in their operational rules, financing strategies, modes of action and nature of their legal personality. Our exploration of the little known legal category of international funds for victims of violations of human rights and international humanitarian law is revealing a mixed picture that enables to consider transposing procedures, strategies and interpretations implemented by some funds or other national or international finance institutions, into schemes where assistance to victims is not adequate. However, the political will of states often continues to be a key driver. The potential of those mechanisms remains underused at the expense of victims. ; Alors que des politiques publiques d'aide aux victimes d'infractions sont apparues dans la législation de nombreux États à la fin du siècle dernier, ce phénomène s'est également instillé dans l'ordre international. Instruments de financement de ces politiques, plusieurs Fonds ont été institués aux Nations Unies en faveur de victimes de diverses violations des droits de l'homme. La Cour pénale internationale s'est elle aussi dotée d'un outil de financement – et de mise en œuvre – des réparations qu'elle ordonne. Le Fonds au profit des victimes vise à garantir l'effectivité de la justice réparatrice et constitue une ...

While crime victim assistance policy became part of the law of many countries at the end of the last century, it has permeated the international order as well. To finance this policy, the United Nations (UN) has set up several funds for victims of varied human rights violations. The International Criminal Court (ICC) itself created a financing – and implementing – tool for administering reparations it orders : its Trust Fund for Victims (TVF), that aims at guaranteeing the effectiveness of restorative justice, is a pioneering initiative in the field of international criminal justice. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the effectiveness of these mechanisms as victim aid instruments by investigating the causes of their efficiency or ineffectiveness in their operational rules, financing strategies, modes of action and nature of their legal personality. Our exploration of the little known legal category of international funds for victims of violations of human rights and international humanitarian law is revealing a mixed picture that enables to consider transposing procedures, strategies and interpretations implemented by some funds or other national or international finance institutions, into schemes where assistance to victims is not adequate. However, the political will of states often continues to be a key driver. The potential of those mechanisms remains underused at the expense of victims. ; Alors que des politiques publiques d'aide aux victimes d'infractions sont apparues dans la législation de nombreux États à la fin du siècle dernier, ce phénomène s'est également instillé dans l'ordre international. Instruments de financement de ces politiques, plusieurs Fonds ont été institués aux Nations Unies en faveur de victimes de diverses violations des droits de l'homme. La Cour pénale internationale s'est elle aussi dotée d'un outil de financement – et de mise en œuvre – des réparations qu'elle ordonne. Le Fonds au profit des victimes vise à garantir l'effectivité de la justice réparatrice et constitue une initiative pionnière dans le domaine de la justice pénale internationale. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'apprécier l'efficacité de ces mécanismes en tant qu'instruments d'aide aux victimes en recherchant dans leurs règles de fonctionnement, leurs stratégies de financement, leurs modes d'action et la nature de leur personnalité juridique, les causes de leur efficience ou de leur inefficacité. À mesure que nous explorons la catégorie juridique mal connue des Fonds internationaux pour les victimes de violations des droits de l'homme et du droit international humanitaire, nous dressons un constat contrasté, qui permet d'imaginer la transposition des procédures,stratégies et interprétations appliquées par certains Fonds ou autres institutions financières nationales et internationales, là où l'aide aux victimes n'est pas adéquate. La volonté politique des États demeure toutefois un facteur souvent incontournable. Le potentiel de ces mécanismes reste sous exploité, au détriment des victimes.

This 45th Activity Report of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR or the Commission), which was presented to the Heads of State and Government of the African Union (AU) in accordance with Article 54 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (the African Charter or the Charter), covers the period from 10 May to 13 November 2018. It highlights, among others: the statutory and other institutional meetings of the Commission; the status of State reporting; Resolutions adopted by the Commission; the human rights complaints before the Commission; the various interventions of the Commission on human rights issues including Urgent Appeal Letters, Press Releases and Letters of Appreciation; the human rights situation on the continent; financial, staffing and operational matters of the Commission; implementation of the Recommendations of the Executive Council and Recommendations to the different stakeholders.

International audience The aim of my paper is to outline Maritain's problematization of the relation between rights of the person and human rights - i.e. between Catholic and Liberal-Illuminist traditions - between the end of the thirties and the beginning of the forties. More precisely, I would like to show that Maritain, from a traditional perspective of defence of the rights that belong to the human being as a person (so only thanks to his spiritual and transcendent nature), reached a conscious historical and theoretical legitimation of human rights as they have been enunciated in Modern revolutionary times. That way, he put into question the official teaching of the Catholic Church. I will also show that this "evolution" cannot be understood unless we place it in the framework of Maritain's collaboration with a group of American Catholic intellectuals that founded the Committee of Catholics for Human Rights in 1939.