Suchergebnisse

There are two functions of the state liability principle. The first is to secure individual rights (including economic rights) from a wrongful act conducted by a government, and the second is to compensate for damage caused by the infringement of individual right. Economic right is inherently allowing an individual to pursue economic interest both domestically or globally. In order to accommodate this right, a government is obliged to provide trade rules and mechanisms for every individual to conduct their global economic activities by participating in the WTO. The objective of the WTO significantly corresponds to the individual's right in order to obtain trade benefits. Hence, when a government infringes trade rules and mechanisms underlined in WTO Law, it will directly restrict individuals from gaining trade benefits under the WTO or, moreover, it will restrain individuals from enjoying their inviolable economic rights. When the right is violated, and the damage occurs, it thus leads to the obligation for the government to compensate the damage according to the state liability principle. This article discusses the nexus between the state liability principle and WTO Law, in order to encourage national courts to exercise the function of state liability by referring to the infringement of economic rights caused by the violation of WTO Law.

An attempt to utilize marine areas based on Law no. 32 in 2004, it concerns about the Regional Government which contains the regional authority to manage their marine areas. Such authority is as stated in Article 18 paragraph (1), "they are; exploration, exploitation, conservation and marine management". In order for regional autonomy to have a positive impact on the management of coastal/marine areas, it requires a commitment from the local government and the community in managing the marine sector in their jurisdiction to gain added value or a strategic role on an ongoing basis. Law No. 32 in 2004 has been changed to Law no. 23 in 2014, Article 14 paragraph (6). ; Upaya pemanfaatan wilayah laut berdasarkan UU No. 32 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemerintah Daerah yang memuat kewenangan daerah untuk mengelola wilayah lautnya. Kewenangan tersebut sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 18 ayat (1), "mereka adalah; eksplorasi, eksploitasi, konservasi dan pengelolaan kelautan". Agar otonomi daerah berdampak positif terhadap pengelolaan wilayah pesisir/laut, diperlukan komitmen dari pemerintah daerah dan masyarakat dalam mengelola sektor kelautan di wilayah hukumnya untuk memperoleh nilai tambah atau peran strategis secara berkesinambungan. . UU No. 32 Tahun 2004 diubah menjadi UU No. 23 Tahun 2014, Pasal 14 ayat (6).

The main objective of WTO Law is to accommodate individual's right in order to obtain better benefit of international trade. However, when a government violates WTO Law, it is therefore causing deprivation of individual right itself. Direct effect seems to be a feasible doctrine to provide a judicial protection for individual, in order to rebalance the right that is violated. Nevertheless, this doctrine is intractable to imply. This article discuss the polemic of giving direct effect of WTO Law and DSB Decision to domestic law to provide judicial protection for individual who becomes victim of WTO violation conducted by government

Abstract : Domestic violence is a human problem, because in it there is a dimension of human rights violations. Law No. 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence are limitative have determined the distribution of the roles of each stakeholder in handling domestic violence cases. Stakeholders involved include the government as a representation of the state, NGOs, families, advocates, law enforcement officers, medical workers and clergy personnel. The number of stakeholders involved in the handling of domestic violence menginditifikasikan that domestic violence is a serious human rights crimes. Porposional division of roles between the state and the non-state institutions in the handling of domestic violence shows these regulations relevant to the concept of civil society in Indonesia.Abstrak : Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga adalah persoalan kemanusiaan, karena di dalamnya berdimensi pelanggaran hak asasi manusia. Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga, telah menentukan distribusi peran masing-masing pemangku kepentingan dalam menangani kasus-kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Pemangku kepentingan yang terlibat termasuk pemerintah sebagai representasi negara, LSM, keluarga, advokat, aparat penegak hukum, tenaga medis dan rohaniawan. Jumlah pemangku kepentingan yang terlibat dalam penanganan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga mengindetifikasikan bahwa kekerasan dalam rumah tangga adalah kejahatan hak asasi manusia. Pembagian porposional peran antara negara dan lembagalembaga non-pemerintah dalam penanganan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga menunjukkan peraturan hukum tersebut relevan dengan konsep masyarakat madani di Indonesia.

ABSTRACTSince the Act Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Election,the electoral systemin Indonesia has undergone many changes,one of the changes was seen in the authorityof Bawaslu, Bawaslu which initially only as an election supervisory institution now hasthe authority to decide violations of election administration.The formulation of theproblem in the research is;1)What is the authority of the Bawaslu of West SumatraProvince in resolving administrative violations in 2019 committed by the KPU of WestSumatra Province? 2) How is the mechanism of the Bawaslu of West Sumatra Provincein resolving administrative violations in 2019 mcommitted by the KPU of West SumatraProvince? 3) How is the adjudication session mechanism in facing election violations in2019 by the KPU of West Sumatra Province? The research method used of thisresearch is juridical and normative approach. Furthermore, from the results ofresearch and discussion of the conclution is : 1) Authority to resolve electoraladministrative violations carried out by the West Sumatra KPU as reported by FauziBahar, Amril Jiha and Syahril Hamid are the authorities of the Bawaslu of WestSumatra Province; 2) Mechanism for resolving election administration violations andthe mechanism for adjudication session is regulated in the General ElectionSupervisory Agency Regulation Number 8 of 2018 concerning the Settlement ofAdministrative Election Violations; 3) The mechanism for adjudication to is regulatedin the General Election Supervisory Agency Regulation Number 8 of 2018 concerningthe Settlement of Administrative Election Violations.

Abstract : The de jure government has given full support in improving the quality and quantity of women's political, affirmative strategy of 30% quota for women. However, this strategy can not guarantee women's role in politics optimally. Therefore, sanggatlah important to make efforts to improve the quality and quantity of the representation of women's representation in politics. Especially in the context of democracy, which should give the right to the same opportunities to all the people, both men and women in voicing their aspirations as a manifestation of their political rights. Untuuk realize it all, required education as a vehicle for increasing women's political empowerment and the ability to actualize their role as citizens. Abstrak : Secara de yure, Pemerintah telah memberikan dukungan penuh dalam meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas politik, strategi afirmatif perempuan kuota 30% bagi perempuan. Namun, strategi ini tidak dapat menjamin peran perempuan dalam politik secara optimal. Oleh karena itu, sanggatlah penting untuk membuat upaya meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas representasi keterwakilan perempuan dalam politik. Terutama dalam konteks demokrasi, yang harus memberikan hak untuk kesempatan yang sama untuk semua orang, baik laki-laki dan perempuan dalam menyuarakan aspirasi mereka sebagai manifestasi dari hak-hak politik mereka. Untuuk mewujudkan itu semua, diperlukan pendidikan sebagai wahana untuk meningkatkan pemberdayaan politik perempuan dan kemampuan untuk mengaktualisasikan peran mereka sebagai warga negara

This research will examine the double standards of US foreign policy against the coup in Egypt in 2013, given that the US intervention against the Middle East region is very dominant. Attention and the US response be different in response to the case of the coup in Egypt. US seemed to not make this case as a priority despite the coup led to the violation of human rights and democracy. The response shown by the US is very different compared to the US intervention against Iraq and Libya are rated US itself as defending human rights and democracy in the region. The purpose of this research is to find out why the US double standards in its foreign policy related to the Egyptian coup. Data will be explored through literature method (library research). Overall the data will be correlated with foreign political theory of rational actor models that can explain the reason for choosing the attitude of the US double standard in a coup in Egypt in 2013 based on the selection and cost-benefit considerations on the measures taken. The results of this paper indicate that the indication of the double standards shown by the US to Egypt coup influenced by the victory of the Muslim Brotherhood (IM) as a political Islam that could interfere with the stability and US interests in the Middle East. Some of the options and the consequences have been considered by the US in response to the case, including participating ignoring their violations of democracy and human rights in the case even though it was contrary to the foundations and principles of US foreign policy. Another indication that support multiple standards is the response of US allies in the Middle East, such as Israel, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates who consider IM as a threat to the stability and the Middle East region. Keywords: US double standards, US foreign policy, coup Egypt, political Islam, Muslim Brotherhood Penelitian ini akan mengkaji standar ganda politik luar negeri Amerika Serikat terhadap kudeta di Mesir tahun 2013, mengingat bahwa intervensi AS terhadap kawasan Timur Tengah sangat dominan. Perhatian dan respon AS terlihat berbeda dalam menanggapi kasus kudeta di Mesir. AS seolah tidak membuat kasus ini sebagai prioritas walaupun kudeta tersebut berujung pada pelanggaran HAM dan demokrasi. Respon yang diperlihatkan oleh AS sangat berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan intervensi AS terhadap Irak dan Libya yang dinilai AS sendiri sebagai upaya penegakan HAM dan demokrasi di kawasan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mencari tahu mengapa AS bersikap standar ganda dalam politik luar negerinya terkait dengan kudeta Mesir. Data akan ditelaah melalui metode kepustakaan. Keseluruhan data akan dikorelasikan dengan teori politik luar negeri model aktor rasional yang dapat memaparkan alasan AS untuk memilih sikap standar ganda dalam kudeta Mesir 2013 berdasarkan pemilihan dan pertimbangan untung-rugi atas tindakan yang telah diambil. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa indikasi standar ganda yang diperlihatkan oleh AS terhadap kudeta Mesir dipengaruhi oleh kemenangan Ikhwanul Muslimin (IM) sebagai political Islamyang dapat mengganggu stabilitas dan kepentingan AS di Timur Tengah. Beberapa pilihan dan konsekuensi telah dipertimbangkan oleh AS dalam merespon kasus ini, termasuk ikut mengabaikan adanya pelanggaran demokrasi dan HAM dalam kasus tersebut walaupun hal tersebut bertentangan dengan landasan dan prinsip politik luar negeri AS. Indikasi lain yang mendukung standar ganda ialah respon sekutu AS di Timur Tengah, seperti: Israel, Arab Saudi, dan Uni Emirat Arab yang menganggap IM sebagai ancaman bagi stabilitas dan kawasan Timur Tengah. Kata kunci: standar ganda AS, politik luar negeri AS, kudeta Mesir, politik Islam, Ikhwanul Muslimin

Women's Rights are rights held by a woman, because she was a human being and as a woman who has the dignity of humanity. Women's rights are part of human rights. As part of Human Rights, the Rights of Women is also provided in the Constitution is the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945. In particular, Women's Rights set in CEDAW which was ratified by the government through Act No. 7 of 1984 on ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Regulation on Rights of Women, giving responsibility and requires the state to respect, to protect and to fulfill the rights of Women. Hak-Hak Perempuan adalah hak yang dimiliki oleh seorang wanita, karena dia manusia dan sebagai seorang wanita yang memiliki martabat kemanusiaan. Hak-hak perempuan adalah bagian dari hak asasi manusia. Sebagai bagian dari Hak Asasi Manusia, Hak Perempuan juga disediakan dalam Konstitusi Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945. Secara khusus, Hak-Hak Perempuan diatur dalam CEDAW yang telah diratifikasi oleh pemerintah melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1984 tentang ratifikasi konvensi Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi terhadap Perempuan. Regulasi tentang Hak Perempuan, memberikan tanggung jawab dan membutuhkan negara untuk menghormati, melindungi dan memenuhi hak-hak perempuan ; Abstract : Women's Rights are rights held by a woman, because she was a human being and as a woman who has the dignity of humanity. Women's rights are part of human rights. As part of Human Rights, the Rights of Women is also provided in the Constitution is the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945. In particular, Women's Rights set in CEDAW which was ratified by the government through Act No. 7 of 1984 on ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Regulation on Rights of Women, giving responsibility and requires the state to respect, to protect and to fulfill the rights of Women. Abstrak : Hak-Hak Perempuan adalah hak yang dimiliki oleh seorang wanita, karena dia manusia dan sebagai seorang wanita yang memiliki martabat kemanusiaan. Hak-hak perempuan adalah bagian dari hak asasi manusia. Sebagai bagian dari Hak Asasi Manusia, Hak Perempuan juga disediakan dalam Konstitusi Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945. Secara khusus, Hak-Hak Perempuan diatur dalam CEDAW yang telah diratifikasi oleh pemerintah melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1984 tentang ratifikasi konvensi Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi terhadap Perempuan. Regulasi tentang Hak Perempuan, memberikan tanggung jawab dan membutuhkan negara untuk menghormati, melindungi dan memenuhi hak-hak perempuan

AbstractGoodgovernance is an ideal form ofgovernance management, governance practices influenced bymany things, one of which is quality human resources, in the bureaucracy known as civil stateapparatus. The State Civil Apparatus (ASN) is a new form of governance with respect to theavailability and empowerment of state employees. Law Number 5 Year 2014 states that civil servantcivil servants are civil servants and government employees with employment agreements, this is verycontradictory to Law Number 8 Year 1974 on the Principles of Personnel which only talk about CivilServants. In the implementation of duties and obligations of civil state apparatus is expected to beable to carry out their duties and obligations properly in order to provide good service and quality forthe community, therefore the discipline of a civil state apparatus is very influential on the quality ofpublic services and wheels of government in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to know andanalyze the forms of ASN disciplinary violations and to find out and analyze the constraints andsolutions in facing violations of ASN discipline in Indonesia. The research method used issociological juridical research method with literature study approach and documents related to ASNdiscipline.Keywords: Good Governance, State Civil Apparatus