Suchergebnisse

This article deals with topical issues of employee liability for damage caused, the amount of damage compensation. Based on the analysis of scientific opinions of Russian scientists, the problems of establishing workers 'liability for damages in labor legislation are investigated; there is no common understanding of the institution of material liability, which causes difficulty in identifying the fact of liability in current practice.

The article considers the issue of liability the officials of the joint stock companies. The issue of liability of business officials is of paramount importance, since it directly affects entrepreneurial activity. The author analyzes the current legislation and the existing deficiencies in law enforcement in the matter of establishing liability. The author draws the conclusion that national legislation requires improvement, taking into account foreign practice and legislation.

The article considers the issue of liability the officials of the joint stock companies. The issue of liability of business officials is of paramount importance, since it directly affects entrepreneurial activity. The author analyzes the current legislation and the existing deficiencies in law enforcement in the matter of establishing liability. The author draws the conclusion that national legislation requires improvement, taking into account foreign practice and legislation.

The article analyzes the concept of gross negligence in the occurrence of an insured event and its legal significance for liability insurance. The broad interpretation of gross negligence in judicial practice leads to an increase in the number of cases of refusal to pay insurance compensation. For this reason, customs representatives and other professional participants in the turnover cannot use insurance protection in situations for which such protection is provided. Using the examples of judicial practice, the author substantiates the need to analyze all elements of the insured event as a whole, and not only the behavior of the party preceding this case, when determining gross negligence. In addition, in the article the author touches upon the currently relevant issue of the admissibility of providing in the contract the possibility of releasing the insurer from the payment of compensation. The author comes to the conclusion that the rules regarding gross negligence in the occurrence of an insured event should be considered imperative, because this form of guilt does not exclude the randomness characteristic of insurance relations. According to the author, the rules of Article 959 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation allow to protect the interests of the insurer in connection with the increased risk of an insured event due to gross negligence.

We consider the composition of discriminatory crimes, primarily the composition of Article 136 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The shortcomings of this article, the reasons for its non-use are analyzed. The problem of differentiation of criminal and other types of responsibility for discriminatory offenses, as well as the problem of differentiation of discriminatory and lawful restriction of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens is touched upon. The conclusion is made about the need to improve antidiscrimination legislation, the practice of its implementation, as well as the need for an anti-discrimination ideology and anti-discrimination education at the state level. ; Рассматриваются составы дискриминационных преступлений, прежде всего состав ст. 136 УК РФ. Анализируются недостатки данной статьи, причины ее неприменения. Затрагивается проблема разграничения уголовной и иных видов ответственности за дискриминационные правонарушения, а также проблема разграничения дискриминационного и правомерного ограничения конституционных прав и свобод граждан. Делается вывод о необходимости совершенствования антидискриминационного законодательства, практики его реализации, а также необходимости антидискриминационной идеологии и антидискриминационного воспитания на государственном уровне.

Статья посвящена нормам федеральных законов, содержащим предупреждение об ответственности за их нарушение, то есть «закладкам об ответственности». Отмечается странный дуализм этого феномена, влекущий, по мнению автора, к неизбежному отказу от него в законотворческой перспективе. С одной стороны, закладки об ответственности непригодны для прямой охраны общественных отношений, декларативны и служат «указателем» на нормы об ответственности. С другой стороны, закладки об ответственности нарушают исключительную компетенцию уголовного и административно-деликтного законодательства путём дублирования и программирования норм УК РФ и КоАП РФ, а также ограничения основания уголовной и административной ответственности, в том числе путём подмены норм. ; The article is devoted to provisions of federal laws, which contain the prevention about liability for violation of such federal laws, in other words «layings about responsibility». Strange dualism of such phenomenon, that according to opinion of author leads to unavoidable rejection of it in the lawmaking perspective, is mentioned. On the one hand layings about liability are not suitable for direct protect of social relations, are declarative, and are «indicator» to provisions about liability. On the other hand, layings about liability violate exclusive jurisdiction of criminal law and law of administrative offences by duplication and programming rules of Criminal Code of Russian Federation and Code of Russian Federation of administrative offences, and also by limitation of base of criminal responsibility and base of administrative responsibility including substitution of rules.

The author studies environmental insurance in nature management as a lever of management measures to prevent and eliminate environmental pollution by oil products during their transportation and oil fields development. The research aims to develop recommendations for environmental risks insurance in Russian oil and gas industry on the basis of economic and mathematical model that allows to estimate the scale of environmental pollution by oil products. Such methods as system and comparative analysis, expert assessments, forecasting, modeling used in this work helped the author to identify Russian environmental insurance features; to propose a method for solving the problem concerning the lack of statistical data on the frequency and scale of accidents and the environmental damage magnitude by mathematical modeling of the accident, which allows to estimate the radius and depth of the underlying surface pollution. These developments will help insurers to make more adequate insurance premiums and tariffs, as well as to improve the underwriting procedure for unique oil and gas projects. But in order for the obtained achievements to find their application, it is necessary to have legislation obliging oil companies to compensate for environmental damage, and due to the scale of such damage, oil companies will be obliged to insure the relevant risks.

УДК 343.2A new institute of repressive measures applied outside the criminal liability in criminal law (including as a condition for exemption from criminal liability) is forming now in Russian legislation. The author concludes that the provisions of the criminal law on monetary compensation and a court fine should be deleted because of the following reasons. 1) By their nature, and monetary compensation and a court fine, not being a formal punishment (and, therefore, a form of realization of criminal responsibility) is a monetary penalty, i.e., penalty-punishment. Moreover, the rules of court fine destination identical rules of criminal sentencing. 2) Quantitatively court fine may exceed the minimum limits of criminal punish-ment in the form of fines. The dimensions of monetary compensation in the order of hours. Pt. 2, Art. 76.1 of the Criminal Code and at all close to the maximum values of fine-punishment. 3) Exemption from criminal liability requires states to refrain from prosecuting the person alleged to have committed a crime, which means that the nonuse of criminal repression. Regulatory standards analyzed, on the other hand, require mandatory use of repression, ie, virtually no exemption from criminal liability does not occur at all. 4) The use of a quasi-penalty in the form of monetary compensation and court fines are not an exemption from criminal responsibility, but on the contrary, the use of criminal repression (of responsibility), and in a simplified manner. 5) Contrary to the requirements of the Constitution and the Criminal Code of criminal repression is applied to persons whose guilt has not been established in the commission of a crime. Thus, in criminal law introduced a presumption of guilt. 6) Customization repression (in fact – of criminal responsibility) in the application of the judicial penalty is substantially limited, and the application of monetary compensation is excluded at all, contrary to the requirement that the rough justice (Pt. 1, Art. 6 of the Criminal Code). 7) Rules of court fine actually allow re-use of penalties and, moreover, consistent application of the two main types of punishment, although no one can be held criminally responsible twice for the same offense (Pt. 2, Art. 6 of the Criminal Code). ; УДК 343.2В уголовном законодательстве формируется новый институт репрессивных мер, применяемых вне уголовной ответственности, в том числе в качестве условия освобождения от уголовной ответственности. Этот процесс свидетельствует о глубоком кризисе современного уголовного права. Предписания уголовного закона о денежном возмещении и судебном штрафе следует исключить.

В настоящей статье рассматриваются актуальные вопросы повторной криминализации клеветы как уголовно-правового деяния, критерии разграничения субъективного мнения лица и утверждения о фактах, не имевших места в действительности. Проведена аналогия с защитой чести, достоинства и деловой репутации человека в рамках гражданского судопроизводства, выявлены соответствующие различия между гражданско-правовым и уголовно-правовым способами защиты нарушенных нематериальных благ. Показано сравнение с ранее действовавшим законодательством в области защиты указанных нематериальных благ. В работе сделан соответствующий акцент на применение административной преюдиции, то есть привлечения к уголовной ответственности только после применения мер административного принуждения. ; This article discusses the current issues of re-criminalization of libel as some criminal-legal acts, the criteria of differentiation of the subjective views of the person and the statements of facts, not taken place in reality. The analogy with the protection of honor, dignity and business reputation of a person in civil proceedings, identified the relevant differences between a civil and a criminal way of protecting the violated intangible benefits. Showing comparison to the previous legislation for the protection of these intangible benefits. The corresponding emphasis on the use of administrative prejudice was made in other words in order to bring to criminal liability only after the application of administrative coercive measures

This article discusses proposals to improve the legislation on liability for the legalization of criminal proceeds. The latest changes in legislation on the establishment of criminal liability for legal entities for money laundering are analyzed. At the same time, this article analyzes the practical significance of the role of law enforcement agencies in the application of FATF Recommendations.

The article reveals the genesis of the legislation on the criminal liability of medical professionals for the improper performance of professional duties. Provisions of the criminal legislation of state entities that existed in the territory of modern Ukraine from ancient times to the beginning of the twentieth century are being analyzed.

The article covers the study of the concept of "doping" in Russian law and international acts. The importance of this issue for both domestic and international legislation is recognized. Both scientific and legislative definitions of the concept under study are given and analyzed. The authors come to the conclusion that the existing criticism of current definitions, as well as the constant development of technologies, require research to formulate new relevant concepts. Two corpora delicti have been studied, both of them established criminal liability for certain actions performed with substances and by means of methods prohibited for use in sports. Through criticism of the elements of these offenses, the authors prove that in order to form a correct and uniform practice of their application, it is necessary to make a number of changes to the studied offenses. The criticism of the elements of the object and the victim in the studied corpora delicti is analyzed. It is noted that the characteristics of the subject of these crimes pose difficulties for qualification due to the uncertainty of its characteristics. At present, it is possible to formulate specific proposals in regards to special subjects only in terms of probabilistic assumptions and recommendations, since there is no established judicial practice. It is also noted that the issue of differentiating criminal liability for the actions under study, depending on the presence or absence of qualifying factors is premature. A proposal was made to supplement one of the corpora with new qualifying factors. An assessment is made of the proposals of other authors on improving the dispositions of the studied norms, determining their place in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and supplementing the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with a new corpus delicti that encroaches on similar social relations. ; Статья посвящена исследованию понятия «допинг» в российском праве и международных актах. Определена важность данного вопроса как для ...

The article deals with classification of illegal performance of abortion. Some problems in criminal prosecution for this crime are connected with inconsistence of statutes of criminal legislation as well as legislation in the sphere of healthcare. The article highlights the analysis of requirements applicable to operations on the basis of which features of illegal induced termination of pregnancy are revealed. Analyzing features of crime components of illegal performance of abortion and precedents in these cases the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to amend disposition of the article 123 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which deals with medicine terminology and expansion of a number of the subjects of the case, to achieve proper safety of women' reproductive health. ; Статья посвящена вопросам квалификации незаконного производства аборта. Проблемы привлечения к уголовной ответственности за совершение данного преступления, по мнению автора, связаны с несогласованностью норм уголовного законодательства и законодательства в сфере охраны здоровья граждан. В статье проводится анализ требований, предъявляемых к операции, на основании чего определяются признаки незаконного проведения искусственного прерывания беременности. Анализируя признаки состава преступного производства аборта и судебную практику по делам данной категории, автор приходит к выводу о том, что в целях надлежащей уголовно-правовой охраны репродуктивного здоровья женщин необходимо внести изменения в диспозицию ст. 123 УК РФ, касающиеся, во-первых, используемой медицинской терминологии, а во-вторых, расширения круга субъектов рассматриваемого преступления.

The present article deals with some issues of legal assessment of the harm caused by violation of the conditions of the legality of the justifiable defense based on the analysis of the criminal law, scientific interpretations and judicial practice. The author defines the specific features of the liability by violation of such conditions of legality, which are taken into account by the legislator as a sign of the privileged composition, analyses other conditions of the legality of the justifiable defense, which are not the signs of a crime, but relate to the circumstances extenuating the punishment in accordance with Point "zh" of Part 1 of Art. 61 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the judicial practice shows that sometimes the courts apply an extensive interpretation of such a term as exceeding the limits of the justifiable defense. In this connection the author offers the conclusion about the peculiarities of a legal assessment by the violation of the conditions of the legality of causing harm depending on whether the violation is related to the permissible extent by the defense of the harm or another legal condition of the legality, that is not related to the extent of the harm caused by reflection of a social dangerous offence, is violated.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)6-10 ; На основании анализа уголовного закона, научных толкований и судебной практики рассматриваются некоторые вопросы правовой оценки причинения вреда при нарушении условий правомерности необходимой обороны. Определяются особенности ответственности при нарушении таких условий правомерности, которые учтены законодателем в качестве признака привилегированного состава. Анализируются иные условия правомерности необходимой обороны, не являющиеся признаками состава преступления, но относящиеся к обстоятельствам, смягчающим наказание в соответствии с п. «ж» ч. 1 ст. 61 Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации. Анализируется судебная практика, свидетельствующая о том, что иногда суды применяют расширительное толкование такого понятия, как превышение пределов необходимой обороны. В связи с этим предлагается вывод об особенностях правовой оценки нарушения условий правомерности причинения вреда в зависимости от того, связано нарушение с размером допустимого при защите вреда или нарушается иное условие правомерности, не связанное с размером вреда, причиняемого при отражении общественно опасного посягательства.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)6-10